scholarly journals Local Immune Responses to Periodontopathic Bacteria. II. Effect of Periodontal Treatments on Serum IgG Antibody Titers against Periodontopathic Bacteria.

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Motoo HORIBE
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Periodontopathic Bacteria ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Antibody Titers

scholarly journals Obesity Correlates With Pronounced Aberrant Innate Immune Responses in Hospitalized Aged COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Z. Zulu ◽  
Suhas Sureshchandra ◽  
Amanda N. Pinski ◽  
Brianna Doratt ◽  
Weining Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Impact

Both age and obesity are leading risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, although most infections occur in individuals under the age of 55 years, 95% of hospitalizations, admissions to the intensive care unit, and deaths occur in those over the age of 55 years. Moreover, hospitalized COVID-19 patients have a higher prevalence of obesity. It is generally believed that chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses that are associated with aging and obesity are responsible for this elevated risk of severe disease. However, the impact of advanced age and obesity on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains poorly defined. In this study, we assessed changes in the concentration of soluble immune mediators, IgG antibody titers, frequency of circulating immune cells, and cytokine responses to mitogen stimulation as a function of BMI and age. We detected significant negative correlations between BMI and myeloid immune cell subsets that were more pronounced in aged patients. Similarly, inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes was also negatively correlated with BMI in aged patients. These data suggest that the BMI-dependent impact on host response to SARS-CoV-2 is more pronounced on innate responses of aged patients.

scholarly journals Intranasal Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines with Nontoxic Mutants of Escherichia coliHeat-Labile Enterotoxins as Adjuvants Protects Mice against Invasive Pneumococcal Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5892-5897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Jakobsen ◽  
Dominique Schulz ◽  
Mariagrazia Pizza ◽  
Rino Rappuoli ◽  
Ingileif Jónsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Adjuvant Activity ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Mucosal Vaccination ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Host defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae depend largely on phagocytosis following opsonization by polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and complement. Since colonization of the respiratory mucosa is the first step in pneumococcal pathogenesis, mucosal immune responses may play a significant role. In addition to inducing systemic immune responses, mucosal vaccination with an effective adjuvant has the advantage of inducing mucosal IgA antibodies. The heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) ofEscherichia coli is a well-studied mucosal adjuvant, and adjuvant activity of nontoxic LT mutants has been demonstrated for several protein antigens. We investigated the immunogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PNC) of serotypes 1 and 3 in mice after intranasal (i.n.) immunization by using as an adjuvant the nontoxic LT mutant LT-K63 or LT-R72, which has minimal residual toxicity. Pneumococcal serotype-specific antibodies were measured in serum (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and saliva (IgA), and vaccine-induced protection was evaluated by i.n. challenge with virulent pneumococci of the homologous serotype. When administered with LT mutants, i.n. immunization with both conjugates induced systemic and mucosal immune responses, and serum IgG antibody levels were significantly higher than after subcutaneous immunization. All mice immunized i.n. with PNC-1 and LT mutants were protected against bacteremia and cleared the pneumococci from the lung 24 h after i.n. challenge; pneumococcal density correlated significantly with serum IgG antibody levels. Similarly, the survival of mice immunized i.n. with PNC-3 and LT mutants was significantly prolonged. These results demonstrate that i.n. vaccination with PNC and potent adjuvants can protect mice against invasive and lethal pneumococcal infections, indicating that mucosal vaccination with PNC may be an alternative vaccination strategy for humans.

scholarly journals Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses in Humans after Primary and Booster Immunizations with Orally Administered Invasive and Noninvasive Live Attenuated Bacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3680-3685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Viret ◽  
Didier Favre ◽  
Bernhard Wegmüller ◽  
Christian Herzog ◽  
John U. Que ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cell ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Live Oral Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACT The mucosal and systemic immune responses after primary and booster immunizations with two attenuated live oral vaccine strains derived from a noninvasive (Vibrio cholerae) and an invasive (Salmonella typhi) enteric pathogen were comparatively evaluated. Vaccination with S. typhi Ty21a elicited antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses specific for S. typhi O9, 12 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as significant increases in levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies to the same antigen in serum. A strong systemic CD4+ T-helper type 1 cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was also induced. In contrast to results with Ty21a, no evidence of a CMI response was obtained after primary immunization with V. cholerae CVD 103-HgR in spite of the good immunogenicity of the vaccine. Volunteers who received a single dose of CVD 103-HgR primarily developed an IgM ASC response against whole vaccine cells and purified V. cholerae Inaba LPS, and seroconversion of serum vibriocidal antibodies occurred in four of five subjects. Serum IgG anti-cholera toxin antibody titers were of lower magnitude. For both live vaccines, the volunteers still presented significant local immunity 14 months after primary immunization, as revealed by the elevated baseline antibody titers at the time of the booster immunization and the lower ASC, serum IgG, and vibriocidal antibody responses after the booster immunization. These results suggest that local immunity may interfere with colonization of the gut by both vaccine strains at least up to 14 months after basis immunization. Interestingly, despite a low secondary ASC response, Ty21a was able to boost both humoral (anti-LPS systemic IgG and IgA) and CMI responses. Evidence of a CMI response was also observed for one of three volunteers given a cholera vaccine booster dose. The direct comparison of results with two attenuated live oral vaccine strains in human volunteers clearly showed that the capacity of the vaccine strain to colonize specific body compartments conditions the pattern of vaccine-induced immune responses.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2-directed antibodies persist for more than six months in a cohort with mild to moderate COVID-19

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Glück ◽  
Sonja Grobecker ◽  
Leonid Tydykov ◽  
Bernd Salzberger ◽  
Thomas Glück ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract Objective To follow serological immune responses of front-line healthcare workers after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 for a mean of 30 weeks, describe the time-course of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM levels and to identify associations of the immune response with symptoms, demographic parameters and severity of disease. Methods Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were measured at three time points during the 30-week follow-up. COVID-19-specific symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaires. Results 95% of the participants mounted an IgG response with only modest decline after week 12. IgG-type antibodies were still detectable in almost 90% of the subjects at 30 weeks. IgA and IgM responses were less robust and antibody titers decreased more rapidly. At 30 weeks, only 25% still had detectable IgA-type and none had IgM-type antibodies. Higher age and higher disease severity were independently associated with higher IgG antibody levels, albeit with wide variations. Conclusion Serological immune responses after COVID-19 show considerable inter-individual variability, but show an association with increasing age and higher severity of disease. IgG-type anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remain positive in 90% of the individuals 30 weeks after onset of symptoms.

scholarly journals Pre-Existing Humoral Immunological Memory Is Retained in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Cladribine Therapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Tobias Moser ◽  
Ciara O’Sullivan ◽  
Christian Puttinger ◽  
Julia Feige ◽  
Georg Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
The Impact

Cladribine (CLAD) is a lymphodepleting agent approved for active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The impact of CLAD on the adaptive humoral immune system has not sufficiently been studied. This study aimed to assess the influence of CLAD treatment on specific antibody titers to common pathogens. We included 18 MS patients treated with CLAD. Serum IgG antibody levels to measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B and varicella zoster virus (VZV), as well as diphtheria and tetanus toxins, were measured prior to the initiation of treatment and at 12 and 24 months after first CLAD administration. Moreover, specimens were longitudinally analyzed regarding absolute blood concentrations of IgG and main lymphocyte subsets. No reduction in antibody levels against measles, mumps, rubella, VZV, hepatitis B, diphtheria toxin and tetanus toxin associated with CLAD treatment was observed. Loss of seroprotection occurred in < 1%. We found no significant impact of CLAD on absolute serum IgG levels. Absolute lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced at the end of each treatment year (p < 0.00001 and p < 0.000001). This study suggests that CLAD does not interfere with the pre-existing humoral immunologic memory in terms of pathogen-specific antibody titers.

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