scholarly journals Effects of Physical Activity and Weight Loss on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Relationship With Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2142-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico G.S. Toledo ◽  
Elizabeta V. Menshikova ◽  
Vladimir B. Ritov ◽  
Koichiro Azuma ◽  
Zofia Radikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle mitochondria as a target to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 633-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling ◽  
Patrick Schrauwen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effect of a long-term intensive lifestyle intervention on prevalence of cognitive impairment

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (21) ◽  
pp. 2026-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Espeland ◽  
José A. Luchsinger ◽  
Laura D. Baker ◽  
Rebecca Neiberg ◽  
Steven E. Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

Objective:To assess whether an average of 10 years of lifestyle intervention designed to reduce weight and increase physical activity lowers the prevalence of cognitive impairment among adults at increased risk due to type 2 diabetes and obesity or overweight.Methods:Central adjudication of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia was based on standardized cognitive test battery scores administered to 3,802 individuals who had been randomly assigned, with equal probability, to either the lifestyle intervention or the diabetes support and education control. When scores fell below a prespecified threshold, functional information was obtained through proxy interview.Results:Compared with control, the intensive lifestyle intervention induced and maintained marked differences in weight loss and self-reported physical activity throughout follow-up. At an average (range) of 11.4 (9.5–13.5) years after enrollment, when participants' mean age was 69.6 (54.9–87.2) years, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia was 6.4% and 1.8%, respectively, in the intervention group, compared with 6.6% and 1.8%, respectively, in the control group (p = 0.93). The lack of an intervention effect on the prevalence of cognitive impairment was consistent among individuals grouped by cardiovascular disease history, diabetes duration, sex, and APOE ε4 allele status (all p ≥ 0.50). However, there was evidence (p = 0.03) that the intervention effect ranged from benefit to harm across participants ordered from lowest to highest baseline BMI.Conclusions:Ten years of behavioral weight loss intervention did not result in an overall difference in the prevalence of cognitive impairment among overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier:NCT00017953 (Action for Health in Diabetes).Level of evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that for overweight adults with type 2 diabetes, a lifestyle intervention designed to reduce weight and increase physical activity does not lower the risk of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Is the Key Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3261-3269 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. J. van Tienen ◽  
S. F. E. Praet ◽  
H. M. de Feyter ◽  
N. M. van den Broek ◽  
P. J. Lindsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Function

scholarly journals En Balance: The Contribution of Physical Activity to the Efficacy of Spanish Diabetes Education of Hispanic Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dequina A. Nicholas ◽  
Lorena M. Salto ◽  
Kristen Lavelle ◽  
Joy Wilson ◽  
W. Lawrence Beeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Active Group

Purpose. En Balance, a culturally sensitive diabetes education program, improves glycemic control in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. The program emphasized diet, physical activity, and other factors important for glycemic control. However, the individual contributions of these education factors are unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of physical activity to the success of En Balance in improving the health of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted with plasma samples collected pre- and post-3-month study. Samples from 58 (18 males and 40 females) Hispanic subjects with type 2 diabetes were analyzed for the concentration of kynurenines, known to decrease in response to exercise. After three months, health outcomes for the active group (decreased kynurenines) and the rest of the cohort were evaluated by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results. Half of the subjects had increased kynurenine levels at the end of the educational program. We found that the subjects in the active group with decreased kynurenine concentrations displayed statistically greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, A1C, cholesterol, and triglycerides despite weight loss being higher in the group with increased kynurenine concentrations. Conclusions. En Balance participants with decreased kynurenine levels had significantly improved glycemic control. These data suggest that physical activity significantly contributes to the success of the En Balance education program. This analysis indicates that diabetes public health educators should emphasize the benefit of physical activity on glycemic control even in the absence of major weight loss.

Exercise without weight loss is an effective strategy for obesity reduction in obese individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1220-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
SoJung Lee ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuk ◽  
Lance E. Davidson ◽  
Robert Hudson ◽  
Katherine Kilpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Regional Body Composition

It is unclear whether chronic exercise without caloric restriction or weight loss is a useful strategy for obesity reduction in obese men with and without Type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined the effects of exercise without weight loss on total and regional adiposity and skeletal muscle mass and composition in lean men and in obese men with and without T2D. Twenty-four men participated in 13 wk of supervised aerobic exercise, five times per week for 60 min at a moderate intensity (∼60% peak oxygen uptake). Total and regional body composition was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal muscle composition was determined using computed tomography. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a graded maximal treadmill test. Body weight did not change within any group in response to exercise ( P > 0.1). Significant reductions in total, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat were observed within each group ( P < 0.01). The reduction in total and abdominal subcutaneous fat was not different ( P > 0.1) between groups; however, the reduction in visceral fat was greater ( P < 0.01) in the obese and T2D groups by comparison to the lean group. A significant ( P < 0.01) increase in total skeletal muscle, high-density muscle area, and mean muscle attenuation was observed independent of group, and these changes were not different between groups ( P > 0.1). Accordingly, whole body fat-to-muscle ratio was increased ( P < 0.01) independent of groups. In conclusion, regular exercise without weight loss is associated with a substantial reduction in total and visceral fat and in skeletal muscle lipid in both obesity and T2D.

Anti-diabetic Treatment in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Effects of Medication on Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 00 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Krentz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Diabetic Treatment

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes;1–3moreover, the presence of obesity in type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of vascular complications associated with the disorder.4,5The majority of patients are overweight or obese at diagnosis of type2diabetes. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that progression to diabetes in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance can be prevented through weight reduction and increased levels of physical activity.6,7For patients who have developed type 2 diabetes, intentional weight loss has many potential benefits including improved metabolic control and a reduced need for antidiabetic medications.8–10

scholarly journals Calorie Restriction-induced Weight Loss and Exercise Have Differential Effects on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Despite Similar Effects on Insulin Sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta V Menshikova ◽  
Vladimir B Ritov ◽  
John J Dube ◽  
Francesca Amati ◽  
Maja Stefanovic-Racic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria
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