Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes May Be Underestimated in the Chinese Population: Evidence From 21.7 Million People Between 2007 and 2017

OBJECTIVE─ Previous reports of the annual incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China were conducted using retrospective hospital cases, which may not reflect the reality. This longitudinal study estimated T1D incidence in a 21.7-million Chinese population during 2007-2017. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS─ A population-based registry of T1D was performed by the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center. Annual incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by age group and gender. The association of gender with T1D incidence and predicted new T1D cases were assessed using Poisson regression models. Annual percentage change and average annual percentage of change were assessed using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS─ Overall, there were 6,875 individuals who developed T1D from 2007 to 2017 in this population. T1D incidence [95% CI] (/100,000 persons) significantly increased from 2.72 [2.51, 2.93] in 2007 to 3.60 [3.38, 3.78] in 2017 (p<0.001). The T1D onset peak was in the 10-14 age group. While no significant trend was found in the 0-14 and 15-29 age groups, T1D incidence markedly increased from 1.87 to 3.52 in ≥30 age group (p<0.05). The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis was highest in 0-4 age group. We predicted T1D new cases will increase to 1.57-fold over the next decade. CONCLUSIONS─ T1D incidence in this large Chinese population is higher than has been reported previously. During 2007-2017, although the incidence peak was in the 10-14 age group, the T1D incidence increased sharply in adults but not in youth.

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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Decreased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Finnish Children

10.2337/figshare.12918509.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Parviainen ◽

Anna But ◽

Heli Siljander ◽

Mikael Knip ◽

the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Children ◽

Age Groups ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Islet Autoimmunity ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Age Group ◽

Group A ◽

Design And Methods

OBJECTIVE The incidence of type 1 diabetes has been rising for decades, particularly among young children. Between 2006 and 2011 the incidence rate reached a plateau in Finland. In this observational register-based cohort study, we assess recent trends in the disease rate in Finnish children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Based on data from the Finnish Pediatric Diabetes Register, we studied the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years between 2003 and 2018. We assessed sex-specific incidence rates (IRs) per 100,000 person years (PY) by 4-year time periods in three age groups (0.50–4.99, 5.00–9.99, and 10.00–14.99 years). RESULTS Among the 7,871 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, the median age at diagnosis increased from 7.88 to 8.33 (P = 0.001), while the overall IR decreased from 57.9/100,000 PY in 2003–2006 to 52.2/100,000 PY in 2015–2018, yielding an IR ratio (IRR) of 0.90 (95% CI 0.85–0.96, P = 0.001). This decline was mainly due to the decrease in the youngest age group [IRR 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87); P < 0.001], being significant both among males and females. In the middle age group, a significant decrease was observed only among females. No changes were observed in the oldest children. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreased among young Finnish children between 2003 and 2018. Current findings imply that environmental factors driving the immune system towards islet autoimmunity are changing in young children.

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Decrease in Mandibular Cortical in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Poor Glycemic Control

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201701523 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 552-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco Ivison Rodrigues Limeira ◽

Patrícia Ravena Meneses Rebouças ◽

Denise Nóbrega Diniz ◽

Daniela Pita de Melo ◽

Patrícia Meira Bento

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cortical Bone ◽

Age Groups ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Panoramic Images ◽

And Gender

Abstract In this study we analyzed the mandibular cortical bone of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and non-diabetic. Fifty patients with T1DM and 100 non-diabetic ones paired by age and gender were analyzed. Two double-blinded observers evaluated 150 digital panoramic images of both groups. The mandibular cortical bone was analyzed using the Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), Mental Index (MI), Gonial Index (GI), Antegonial Index (AI) and Upper and Lower Panoramic Mandibular Indexes (UPMI and LPMI), with the aid of RADIOIMP® software. Influence of T1DM in the morphology of the mandibular cortical bone was studied based on obtaining data related to T1DM diagnosis time, blood glucose level, T1DM control and the presence of chronic complications. Collected data were submitted to descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential analyzes (Pearson’s chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test) (p≤0.05). According to the MCI, individuals with T1DM had higher frequencies of mandibular cortical alterations, in both sexes and all age groups (p<0.01). For quantitative indexes, MI, GI, AI, UPMI and LPMI, female patients showed statistically significant differences for GI and AI, while male patients had statistically significant differences for all indexes (p<0.05), presenting the individuals with TDM1 inferior measures. Individuals with poor T1DM control showed significantly higher frequency of mandibular cortical alteration (92.3%), with lower means for MI, GI, AI and LPMI (p≤0.05). In conclusion, patients with T1DM showed decrease in the mandibular cortical bone when compared to non-diabetic ones, indicating that poor disease control is associated with these alterations.

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The absence of islet autoantibodies in clinically diagnosed older-adult onset type 1 diabetes suggests an alternative pathology, advocating for routine testing in this age group

10.1101/2021.03.22.21252507 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas J Thomas ◽

Helen C Walkey ◽

Akaal Kaur ◽

Shivani Misra ◽

Nick S Oliver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Older Adult ◽

Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Age Groups ◽

Islet Autoantibodies ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Onset Type

AbstractObjectiveIslet autoantibodies at diagnosis are not well studied in older-adult onset (>30years) type 1 diabetes due to difficulties of accurate diagnosis. We used a type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1DGRS) to identify type 1 diabetes aiming to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of autoantibodies in older-adult onset type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe used a 30 variant T1DGRS in 1866 white-European individuals to genetically confirm a clinical diagnosis of new onset type 1 diabetes. We then assessed the prevalence and pattern of GADA, IA2A and ZnT8A within genetically consistent type 1 diabetes across three age groups (<18years (n=702), 18-30years (n=524) and >30years (n=588)).FindingsIn autoantibody positive cases T1DGRS was consistent with 100% type 1 diabetes in each age group. Conversely in autoantibody negative cases, T1DGRS was consistent with 93%(56/60) of <18years, 55%(37/67) of 18-30years and just 23%(34/151) of >30years having type 1 diabetes. Restricting analysis to genetically consistent type 1 diabetes showed similar proportions of positive autoantibodies across age groups (92% <18years, 92% 18-30years, 93% >30years)[p=0.87]. GADA was the most common autoantibody in older-adult onset type 1 diabetes, identifying 95% of autoantibody positive cases versus 72% in those <18years.InterpretationOlder adult-onset type 1 diabetes has identical rates but different patterns of positive autoantibodies to childhood onset. In clinically suspected type 1 diabetes in older-adults, absence of autoantibodies strongly suggests non-autoimmune diabetes. Our findings suggest the need to change guidelines from measuring islet autoantibodies where there is diagnostic uncertainty to measuring at least GADA in all suspected adult type 1 diabetes cases.

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An increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romanian children aged 0 to 17 years

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2014-0364 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viorel Serban ◽

Stuart Brink ◽

Bogdan Timar ◽

Alexandra Sima ◽

Mihaela Vlad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medical Center ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Age Groups ◽

Diabetes Registry ◽

And Gender ◽

Adjusted Incidence

AbstractThe epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus may provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.The aim of this work was to characterize the trend of the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romanian children aged from 0 to 17 years over a 10-year interval.Data regarding new cases were obtained from two sources: (1) The Romanian Childhood Diabetes Registry and (2) Records of the Medical Center “Cristian Serban”, Buzias. The demographic data were retrieved from the National Institute for Statistics. The incidence was calculated for the age groups 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–17 years.A total of 3196 new cases, aged below 18 years, were found by both the sources. There were significant differences between the groups (p=0.012), the mean incidence being highest in the age group 10–14 years (9.6/100,000/year, 95% CI 9–10.1) and lowest in children aged from 0 to 4 years (4.8/100,000/year, 95% CI 4.4–5.3). Boys were slightly more frequently affected than girls (p=0.038). The age and gender adjusted incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus increased significantly (p<0.001) from 6.2/100,000/year (95% CI 5.5–6.9) in 2002 to 9.3/100,000/year (95% CI 8.4–10.3) in 2011. The raise in incidence was noticed in all age groups except for 15–17 years.Romania is a country with an intermediate incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, which is slightly higher in boys than in girls. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus increased continuously during the 10-year survey, with the exception of the oldest teens.

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Association of prodromal type 1 diabetes with school absenteeism of Danish schoolchildren: a population-based case control study of 1,338 newly diagnosed children

10.2337/figshare.12795110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Thingholm ◽

Amanda Gaulke ◽

Tine M. Eriksen ◽

Jannet Svensson ◽

Niels Skipper

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

School Absenteeism ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Design And Methods ◽

Control Study

Objectives To investigate school absenteeism before the clinical diagnosis in children who developed type 1 diabetes. Research Design and Methods Population based retrospective case control study involving all Danish public-school children that developed type 1 diabetes (n= 1 338) from 2010-2017 matched 1:5 on sex and date of birth to children without diabetes (n= 6 690). Monthly absenteeism was compared 12 months before to 12 months after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Results Seven to 12 months before the diabetes diagnosis the mean (SD) number of days absent from school per month was 0.93 (1.78) among children with diabetes and 0.93 (1.82) among controls (difference: -0.004 days, p=0.94). From 4 months before diagnosis, children who developed diabetes had a statistically significant increase in absenteeism compared with controls (difference: 0.24 days, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Children who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes had increased school absenteeism 4 months prior to diagnosis.

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Gallbladder stone incidence and prevalence in Germany: a population-based study

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/a-1401-2170 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Kratzer ◽

Magdalena Klysik ◽

Andreas Binzberger ◽

Julian Schmidberger ◽

Keyword(s):

Population Sample ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

International Studies ◽

Age Group ◽

Gallbladder Stone ◽

Gallbladder Stones ◽

Average Annual Incidence

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of gallbladder stones in a random population-based collective in Germany. Methods We determined the prevalence and incidence rates of gallbladder stones in a random population sample of 1909 individuals from the Echinococcus-multilocularis in Leutkirch (EMIL) study in 2002 and 380 individuals in a follow-up analysis in the year 2013. The sonographic analysis was performed with a Philipps HDI 5000 (2002) and IU 22 (2013) (Netherlands) transducer 1–5 MHz. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS Version 9.4. Results The prevalence of gallbladder stones was 3.8 % (69/1909) in 2002 and 10.8 % (41/380) in 2013. In 2013, the gallbladder stone prevalence was 15.1 % (26/172) in women, compared to 7.2 % (15/208) in men. No gallbladder stones were found in participants in the 18–30 or 31–40 age groups. The average annual incidence was 1.03 % in the 41–50 age group, 0.79 % in the 51–65 age group, and 0.63 % in the > 65 age group. The annual incidence was higher among women (1.04 %) than men (0.53 %). The age-associated annual incidence rates for women and men were 1.93 % and 0.5 % in the 41–50 age group, 0.8 % and 0.78 % in the 51–65 age group, and 1.06 % and 0.30 % in the > 65 age group. Conclusion For the investigated German collective from 2002 to 2013, the average annual incidence of gallbladder stones was 0.75 %, with a higher incidence rate among women. These results are consistent with data from comparable international studies.

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A Nationwide Population-Based Study on the Incidence of Parapharyngeal and Retropharyngeal Abscess—A 10-Year Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1049

Author(s):

Tzong-Hann Yang ◽

Sudha Xirasagar ◽

Yen-Fu Cheng ◽

Chuan-Song Wu ◽

Yi-Wei Kao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽

Research Database ◽

Age Group ◽

Older Individuals ◽

National Health Insurance System

This study aimed to investigate the annual incidence of parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess (PRPA) based on 10-year population-based data. Patients with PRPA were identified from the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database, a database of all medical claims of a randomly selected, population-representative sample of over two million enrollees of the National Health Insurance system that covers over 99% of Taiwan’s citizens. During 2007–2016, 5779 patients received a diagnosis of PRPA. We calculated the population-wide incidence rates of PRPA by sex and age group (20–44, 45–64, and >64) as well as in-hospital mortality. The annual incidence rate of PRPA was 2.64 per 100,000 people. The gender-specific incidence rates per 100,000 people were 3.34 for males and 1.94 for females with a male:female gender ratio of 1.72. A slight increase in incidence rates among both genders over the study period was noted. Age-specific rates were lowest in the 20–44 age group with a mean annual incidence of 2.00 per 100,000 people, and the highest rates were noted in the age groups of 45–64 and >64 years with mean annual incidences of 3.21 and 3.20, respectively. We found that PRPA is common in Taiwan, males and older individuals are more susceptible to it, and incidence has increased in recent years.

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