Carbon isotopes in Sphagnum from Kyushu, Japan, and their relationship with local climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Yasuda ◽  
Seigo Ooki ◽  
Hiroshi Naraoka ◽  
Tasuku Akagi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Local Climate

Dynamics of Water Soil Storage in the Unsaturated Zone of a Sand Dune in a Semi-Arid Region Traced by Humidity and Carbon Isotopes: The Case of Ashdod, Israel

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Carmi ◽  
Mariana Stiller ◽  
Joel Kronfeld
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACTA 22 m sediment core was collected from the unsaturated zone (USZ) in the dunes south of Ashdod, Israel, in a low rainfall year, following an even lower-rainfall year. The mineralogy of was quartz with some clay and carbonate. The local climate is semi-arid. The roots of the sparse vegetation can reach ~8 m. The porosity was ~40–55%. The DIC ranged from 2 to 13 mmole C/L. Large variability is noted in the soil moisture, with a maximum at the high clay region at ~8 m. Oxygen isotopes enter the USZ with rain falling on the surface. There is18O enrichment in the top of the section due to evaporation during the summer. Below this depth δ18O values of ~ –5‰ prevail as in the local aquifer. CO2and the carbon isotopes enter the USZ laterally by exhalation from roots. The δ13C varies from –5‰ to –23‰, representing stages in carbon isotopic fractionation: CO2gasbecomes dissolved CO2aqueouswhich then forms carbonic acid and HCO3–. The high δ13C, Δ14C, and DIC are found at the 8 m depth. These values along with high humidity are replicated at ~22m depth. They most probably represent recharge water from the previous rainy season at 8 m depth subsequently pushed down 12.8±0.8 m during the last winter.

Green Architecture and its applications in Hospitals:Analytical study of existing project to extract the mechanisms of applying green architecture in hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Anfal Muayad Mayoof
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Green Architecture ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The One

Hospitals are the major contributor to environmental corruption and the biggest drain onenergy in their life cycle because they are complex, multifunctional giant facilities. Several recent studieshave been carried out to find the most suitable solutions to reduce energy consumption provide it on-siteand contribute to supporting economic, environmental and social aspects. The reason for the slowmovement of green buildings for hospitals is to focus on a suitable design for the complex function thatdeals with the local climate, natural resources, economy and cultural values and avoid the one-size-fits alldesign. This made the solutions used multiple and varied, different for greening of the hospital and put theresearch in the absence of a clear perception of the mechanisms of the application of green architecture inhospitals and this identified the problem of research. Therefore, the study looked at an analytical study ofexisting project models designed according to the strategies and standards of green architecture todetermine the strategies adopted in each project, and by adopting the analytical method after determiningthe strategy used in each building to achieve the green architecture and then comparing them according tothe standards adopted using the global LEED system Green Building Council. The results that will bereached are the mechanisms of applying Green Architecture to Hospitals.

THERMAL ALTERATION OF PRECAMBRIAN MICROFOSSILS: APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES ON THE EARLY EARTH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Osterhout ◽  
◽  
J. William Schopf ◽  
Anatoliy B. Kudryavtsev ◽  
K.D. McKeegan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Thermal Alteration

Buildings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As If

Most of the energy used by buildings goes into heating and cooling. For small buildings, such as houses, heat transfer by conduction through the sides is as much as, if not greater than, the heat transfer from air exchanges with the outside. For large buildings, such as offices and factories, the greater volume-to-surface ratio means that air exchanges are more significant. Lights, people and equipment can make significant contributions. Since the energy used depends on the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside, local climate is the most important factor that determines energy use. If heating is required, it is usually more efficient to use a heat pump than to directly burn a fossil fuel. Using diffuse daylight is always more energy efficient than lighting up a room with artificial lights, although this will set a limit on the size of buildings.

scholarly journals Spatial variations of local climate at Taylor Dome, Antarctica: implications for paleoclimate from ice cores

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Waddington ◽  
D.L. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Inversion Strength

10m firn temperatures are commonly used on the Antarctic plateau to estimate mean annual air temperatures. 10m firn temperatures measured at Taylor Dome (also referred to as McMurdo Dome in the literature), Antarctica, are influenced by a factor other than altitude and latitude that varies systematically across Taylor Dome. Some inter-related factors possibly contributing to the modern temperature variability are differences in sensible heat from warm or cold air masses, differences in wind strength and source region, differences in temperature inversion strength and differences in cloudiness. Our preliminary data are compatible with spatially variable katabatic winds that could control the winter temperature inversion strength to provide a large part of the signal. This has implications for paleoclimate studies.(1) Variations of the stable isotopes δ18O and δD from ice cores are a proxy for paleotemperature. The isotope thermometer is calibrated by comparing local isotope ratios with corresponding measured temperatures. In order to derive a useful isotope-temperature calibration, we must understand the processes that control the modern spatial variability of temperature. (2) In order to quantify past changes in local climate, we must understand processes that influence local spatial variability. If those processes differed in the past, ice-core climate reconstruction would be affected in two ways: through alteration of the geochemical record and through alteration of deep ice and firn temperatures.

scholarly journals Evidence for local climate adaptation in early-life traits of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Gauli ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Tanya G. Bailey ◽  
Dorothy A. Steane ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Life Traits

scholarly journals A Synoptic Scale Perspective on Greenland Ice Core δ18O Variability and Related Teleconnection Patterns

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Norel Rimbu ◽  
Monica Ionita ◽  
Gerrit Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Rossby Wave Breaking ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
The North ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Ratios

The variability of stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) from Greenland ice cores is commonly linked to changes in local climate and associated teleconnection patterns. In this respect, in this study we investigate ice core δ18O variability from a synoptic scale perspective to assess the potential of such records as proxies for extreme climate variability and associated weather patterns. We show that positive (negative) δ18O anomalies in three southern and central Greenland ice cores are associated with relatively high (low) Rossby Wave Breaking (RWB) activity in the North Atlantic region. Both cyclonic and anticyclonic RWB patterns associated with high δ18O show filaments of strong moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean towards Greenland. During such events, warm and wet conditions are recorded over southern, western and central part of Greenland. In the same time the cyclonic and anticyclonic RWB patterns show enhanced southward advection of cold polar air masses on their eastern side, leading to extreme cold conditions over Europe. The association between high δ18O winters in Greenland ice cores and extremely cold winters over Europe is partly explained by the modulation of the RWB frequency by the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature forcing, as shown in recent modeling studies. We argue that δ18O from Greenland ice cores can be used as a proxy for RWB activity in the Atlantic European region and associated extreme weather and climate anomalies.

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