The use of mesenchymal stem cells is an effective treatment strategy for a number of retinal degenerative diseases. Limited survival of these cells following transplantation remains a significant barrier in achieving a therapeutic effect. It has been shown earlier that hypoxia-grown mesenchymal stem cells display enhanced proliferative activity. We hypothesized that such cultivation condition could be beneficial for successful injection of these cells into the subretinal region. For this purpose, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells from mouse red bone marrow, described phenotypic characterization and the ability of these cells to chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, and proliferative activity in hypoxic (5% of oxygen in the atmosphere) and normoxic (21% of oxygen in the atmosphere) conditions. In the same manner, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells from red bone marrow obtained from GFP-expressing C57 black mice. After preliminary cultivation under normoxia (control cells) or hypoxia (experimental cells), the cells were loaded with magnetic particles and injected into the subretinal region of rabbit eyes...