scholarly journals Forest edges and their effects on the arrival of dragonflies at north-temperate experimental ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Laís M. S. N. Leite ◽  
◽  
Sarah K. French ◽  
Christopher A. Searcy ◽  
Shannon J. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Habitat Patches ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
A Site ◽  
Experimental Ponds

The matrix, an environment in the landscape that individuals move through but do not reside in, can affect species dispersal and the arrival of individuals at habitat patches. Elements around this matrix that provide refuge or resources may shape the arrival of animals at habitat patches, even when those patches are equivalent in quality. Adult dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) frequently use open terrestrial environments during movement and dispersal in north-temperate regions; however, they can also roost along forest edges. Because of the potential value of forest edges to adult dragonflies, we tested whether pond proximity (i.e., connectivity) to multiple forest edges was positively related to the abundance or diversity of arriving dragonflies. We observed dragonflies arriving at 9 experimental pond sites located within an open field landscape in Ontario, Canada. Experimental ponds differed in their distance to source ponds and to forest edges, a potential refuge for dragonflies. We found no effect of connectivity to forest edges or distance to source ponds on the abundance or diversity of dragonflies arriving at a site. Dragonfly dispersal was therefore not limited at the spatial scale of our study (<305 m to source ponds). In addition, dragonflies did not seem to discriminate among sites based on the amount of nearby forest edge, although all sites within the generally open landscape had at least some forest edge in close proximity (10–79 m). Our results provide greater insight regarding the decisions that dragonflies make in response to landscape elements while dispersing to reproductive habitats.

scholarly journals Characterization of Mmp37p, aSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMitochondrial Matrix Protein with a Role in Mitochondrial Protein Import

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4051-4062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Gallas ◽  
Mary K. Dienhart ◽  
Rosemary A. Stuart ◽  
Roy M. Long
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Protein Import ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Targeting Signal

Many mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and after translation in the cytoplasm are imported via translocases in the outer and inner membranes, the TOM and TIM complexes, respectively. Here, we report the characterization of the mitochondrial protein, Mmp37p (YGR046w) and demonstrate its involvement in the process of protein import into mitochondria. Haploid cells deleted of MMP37 are viable but display a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype and are inviable in the absence of mitochondrial DNA. Mmp37p is located in the mitochondrial matrix where it is peripherally associated with the inner membrane. We show that Mmp37p has a role in the translocation of proteins across the mitochondrial inner membrane via the TIM23-PAM complex and further demonstrate that substrates containing a tightly folded domain in close proximity to their mitochondrial targeting sequences display a particular dependency on Mmp37p for mitochondrial import. Prior unfolding of the preprotein, or extension of the region between the targeting signal and the tightly folded domain, relieves their dependency for Mmp37p. Furthermore, evidence is presented to show that Mmp37 may affect the assembly state of the TIM23 complex. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesize that the presence of Mmp37p enhances the early stages of the TIM23 matrix import pathway to ensure engagement of incoming preproteins with the mtHsp70p/PAM complex, a step that is necessary to drive the unfolding and complete translocation of the preprotein into the matrix.

scholarly journals Studies of Ant-Following Birds North of the Eastern Amazon

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshika Oniki ◽  
Edwin O. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Army Ants ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Second Growth

Abstract Birds that prey on arthropods flushed by army ants north of the eastern Amazon were studied at Serra do Navio and Reserva Ducke (Brazil) and at Nappi Creek and Bartica (Guyana). Regular ant-followers are two medium-sized antbirds (Percnostola rufifrons and Gymnopithys rufigula) and two smaller ones (Pithys albifrons and Hylophylax poecilonota), plus five woodcreepers of differing sizes (from very large Hylexetastes perrotti through Dendrocolaptes picumnus, D. certhia, and Dendrocincla merula to medium-sized Dendrocincla fuliginosa). Four other regular ant-followers occur in the region but were not found at the study areas. Forty-five species of casual or nonprofessional ant-followers, including 16 antbirds, 5 woodcreepers, and 5 manakins, also were recorded. Percnostola rufifrons tends to be at the forest edge or in second growth. Pithys albifrons works around Gymnopithys rufigula, Hylophylax poecilonota peripheral to both, in the forest interior. The large Dendrocolaptes picumnus and medium-large Dendrocincla merula often capture prey near the ground, like antbirds. Unlike antbirds, which use vertical or horizontal slender perches, the woodcreepers use thick vertical perches. Dendrocolaptes certhia and Dendrocincla fuliginosa also tend to capture prey high over the ground-foraging antbirds. The woodcreepers tend to forage lower at midday. Hylexetastes perrotti is rare, and overlaps strongly with D. picumnus. There is fairly large overlap among the 9 professional ant-followers, and large ones chase away smaller ones. Nonprofessional birds tend to forage briefly or peripherally when or slightly after the professional species are active. They also forage above the antbirds and below or above the woodcreepers, and concentrate at forest edges or in second growth. The guild of ant-following birds in this region differs fairly widely from guilds in Panamá and at Belém, Brazil; the absence of large antbirds and the predominance of large woodcreepers north of the Amazon are the major differences.

Preadaptation and spatial effects on retention-tree survival in cut areas in Estonia

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2616-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Rosenvald ◽  
Asko Lõhmus ◽  
Andres Kiviste
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Tree Retention ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Retention Trees

Survival of live retention trees is a key issue for stand-scale applications of natural-disturbance-based silviculture. We explored the survival of 3255 trees in 102 cut areas (mean size 2.3 ha) in Estonia for 6 years, focusing on spatial variation and preadaptation of the trees. Altogether, 35% of the trees died during the study period, contributing 4.4 m3 of downed dead trunks and 1 m3 of standing dead trees per hectare. The annual mortality rates declined over time. The main survival determinants were tree species (higher for hardwood deciduous trees), diameter (species dependent), position relative to forest edge (higher for trees near current or former forest edges), retention density (positive), and exposure (negative). The results suggest that (1) green-tree retention can effectively increase the abundance of large shade-tolerant trees, but it is equally important for producing deadwood; (2) larger individuals, former interior-forest trees near current forest edges, and preadapted trees in open conditions should be preferably retained; (3) there is no obvious necessity to modify tree-retention techniques for tree survival according to geographical region or forest site type.

scholarly journals Movement in the matrix: substrates and distance-to-forest edge affect postmetamorphic movements of a forest amphibian

Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e01202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany B. Cline ◽  
Malcolm L. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
The Matrix

scholarly journals ONTOGENESIS AND AGE STRUCTURE OF ADONIS VERNALIS L. POPULATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
G.J. Sultangazina ◽  
◽  
А.N. Kuprijanov ◽  
О.А. Kuprijanov ◽  
R.S. Beyshov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Recovery Index ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Current Article

The current article presents study results made on the coenoflora of Adonis vernalis L. in Northern Kazakhstan. The materials have been gathered in the course of field research taking into account the literary data. Ontogenesis and age structure of the coenopopulations are provided on the basis of detailed-route studies. The study of age-related stages was carried out on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions) in 2018-2019. A. vernalis is a short-stem grassy polycarpic plant, it is represented in Northern Kazakhstan by the populations of dry meadows (Kokshetau Upland) and real meadows (the forest-steppe of North Kazakhstan region). Ontogenesis of A. vernalis has three periods and 7 age stages. Plants have low seed productivity. Seeds have a long endogenous peace related to the underdevelopment of a seed germ. A characteristic feature is the presence of a long pregenerative period in plants of the "steppe" type coenopopulations and its reduction in the "meadow" type coenopopulations. There have been studied thirteen coenopopulations of A. vernalis located in Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions. Coenopopulations of A. vernalis are bound to four main habitats: forest edges, meadow steppes, meadows, artificial plantations. By age, young populations are formed on forest edges, and according to the "delta - omega" classification, there are mature coenopopulations. Mature coenopopulations are mostly formed in meadow steppes, but according to the "delta - omega" classification, all coenopopulations are aging. On meadows, there are many young coenopopulations, but according to the "delta - omega" classification, they are all mature. In artificial plantings, the majority of coenopopulations are aging, but according to the "delta - omega" classification, they are all mature. Thus, changes in habitual living conditions lead to the aging of A. vernalis coenopopulations. By density (pcs/100 m2) all populations are divided into three groups: high, medium, low. All forest edge coenopopulations have a high density, in meadow steppes, the density is average, on meadows and in artificial plantings it is low. The recovery index in most coenopopulations is less than one which indicates a low recovery in A. vernalis populations. The range of age stages shows that in most coenopopulations they are normal, the exception is CP-5 (among artificial plantings) which indicates an old stage of the population and possibly its soon elimination.

scholarly journals The Spatial Response of Male Hooded Warblers to Edges in Isolated Fragments

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ryan Norris ◽  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury ◽  
Trevor E. Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Hooded Warblers ◽  
Occupancy Rates

Abstract We tested whether Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) avoided abrupt forest edges by radiotracking males breeding in small, isolated forest patches (0.5–2.0 ha) in northwest Pennsylvania. Because territory edges were synonymous with abrupt forest edges in all cases, we compared space use patterns with males radiotracked in a nearby continuous forest (150 ha), where we defined edge from territorial boundaries. Based on the proportion of edge to core area, males in both habitats avoided the area within 20 m of the edge, implying that males responded to the presence of territory edge rather than forest edge. Surprisingly, however, males in isolated fragments used the edge area significantly more than males in continuous forest, even when measured against the relative amount of edge area within each territory. Elevated levels of edge use were not related to distance of nests to edges, nest stage, or time of day. We conclude that the presence of physical edges is not the sole determinant of territorial space use in this species and there are likely additional social factors influencing occupancy rates in small, isolated woodlots. Therefore, definitions of forest-interior species based on edge use need to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals In Close Proximity: The Lipid Droplet Proteome and Crosstalk With the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Contact ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 251525641876899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Bersuker ◽  
James A. Olzmann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
A Site ◽  
High Degree

Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived organelles that act as a dynamic cellular repository for neutral lipids. Numerous studies have examined the composition of LD proteomes by using mass spectrometry to identify proteins present in biochemically isolated buoyant fractions that are enriched in LDs. Although many bona fide LD proteins were identified, high levels of non-LD proteins that contaminate buoyant fractions complicate the detection of true LD proteins. To overcome this problem, we recently developed a proximity-labeling proteomic method to define high-confidence LD proteomes. Moreover, employing this approach, we discovered that ER-associated degradation impacts the composition of LD proteomes by targeting select LD proteins for clearance by the 26S proteasome as they transit between the ER and LDs. These findings implicate the ER as a site of LD protein degradation and underscore the high degree of crosstalk between ER and LDs.

Forest edges and the soil-vegetation- atmosphere interaction at the landscape scale: the state of affairs

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur W. L. Veen ◽  
Wim Klaassen ◽  
Bart Kruijt ◽  
Ronald W.A. Hutjes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Surface Type ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscape ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Impact

Although the soil-vegetation-atmosphere exchange of momentum and heat is fairly well understood for many types of homogeneous surfaces, the disturbances created by tran sitions of one surface type to another remain to be analysed more fully. This is especially true for the impact which a large transition such as the forest edge has on the average fluxes in a small-scale heterogeneous landscape with forest. Recently acquired experimental evidence appears to some extent contradictory and at variance with conventional concepts.

Forest Edge Effects on Seedlings in Mixed Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) - Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Topaçoğlu ◽  
Emre Genç
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Oriental Beech ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
Stand Basal Area

Forest edges created by silvicultural treatment influence micro-climatic conditions and available light in forest stands. Studies regarding the impacts of forest edges on regeneration is limited in mixed Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky)-Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. In this study, the influences of forest edges on height growth, root-collar diameter (RCD) growth and density of seedlings in an adjacent stand of Oriental beech-Scots pine were observed. In addition, the effects of stand basal area and height-to-crown base (HCB) on height growth, RCD growth and seedlings density were monitored. The study was conducted within Samatlar Forest Planning Directorate, in Kastamonu city, Turkey. In the selected Oriental beech-Scots pine stand, twenty-five transects were installed perpendicular to the forest edge, and all the measurements were taken within these transects. There were statistically significant relationships between the distance from the forest edge and the growth of Scots pine seedlings (p&lt;0.05), while the stand edge did not have any effect on the growth of Oriental beech seedlings. Density of Scots pine seedlings decreased, while Oriental beech seedling density increased from the edge into the intact stand (p&lt;0.05). Stand basal area and HCB did not significantly change from the edge into the intact stand (p&gt;0.05). The differences in seedling growth and seedling density between the two species can be associated with their dissimilar tolerance to shade. The initial results obtained in this study point out the importance of forest edges on the regeneration of Oriental beech and Scots pine seedlings. Data suggest that regeneration of mixed Oriental beech-Scots pine should be successful using group methods rather than traditional shelterwood method within entire stand.

Edge effects on the distribution and abundance of birds in a southern Victorian forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Berry
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Open Country ◽  
Habitat Edge ◽  
Malurus Cyaneus ◽  
Grey Shrike

An important consequence of habitat fragmentation for wildlife communities is the effect of an increase in the ratio of habitat edge to interior. This study compares the bird communities at forest/farmland edges and in forest interior at Bunyip State Park, Victoria. Overall, there was a significantly higher number of bird species and individuals in forest edge than in forest interior sites. The greater diversity of species at edge sites appeared to be due to an increase in forest-edge specialists, as opposed to an influx of open-country species. Four bird species: the white-throated treecreeper (Cormobates leucophaeus), the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus), the grey shrike-thrush (Colluricincla harmonica) and the grey fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) were significantly more abundant in edge sites. There were no species that were significantly more abundant in interior sites. Differences between the bird communities in edge and interior sites were attributed to increased foraging opportunities in the open country adjacent to forest edges.

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