scholarly journals Graves of the beginning of the Early Iron Age in the barrow 1 of the “Rybkhoz” (“Fish farm”) Group in the Lower Dniester region

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valchak Sergey B. ◽  
Lysenko Sergey D. ◽  
Gorbol Nikolai Yu. ◽  
Razumov Sergey N. ◽  
Telnov Nikolai P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Farm Group

Two graves of the Pre-Scythian period (Chernogorovka culture) from barrow 1 of the “Rybkhoz” (“Fish farm”) group near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester are considered on the broad background of analogies. The issues of chronology and morphology of some categories of adornments are analyzed. Particular attention is drawn to burial 8 with two bronze temporal pendants. There are no analogies to these adornments in the materials of the Chernogorovka culture. The decorative endings of these pendants resemble the design of the backs of the eastern Mediterranean (“nodular”) fibulae, especially items with three spherical or biconical thickenings. Rings-pendants from burial 14 do not find complete matches among the adornments of the Chernogorovka culture. At the same time, these products are similar to adornments from contemporaneous North Caucasian sites due to their massiveness and non-closed ends. Both graves date back to the 9th – the first half of the 8th century BC.

scholarly journals Cauldrons and Buried Treasures of the Middle Yenisei Region in the Early Iron Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Andrei P. Borodovsky ◽  
Yuri V. Oborin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
The Yenisei River

Purpose. The article dwells upon discoveries of cauldrons and buried treasures of the Early Iron Age on the territory of the Middle Yenisei region. The work contains a review of such main recent discoveries and an analysis of different variants of occurrence of cauldrons in the buried treasures of the Paleometal Epoch. They include self-containment of a cauldron hidden as part of the buried treasure; a cauldron as one of the containers for the buried treasure items; integral small-sized cauldrons as part of the buried treasure object set; pieces of cauldrons as part of the buried treasures. Results. The authors developed a map of 21 buried treasures on the territory of the Middle Yenisei region, whose object set included cauldrons. It allowed identifying a territorial uniqueness of location of cauldrons being part of ‘accidental’ discoveries as well as buried treasures. The archaeological microzoning approach enabled to define several compact areas that were characterized by multiple discoveries of buried treasures with cauldrons. One of them is the northeastern territories of the Middle Yenisei. This is the middle course of the Kan river valley in the vicinity of Terskoe village. Other areas of localization of finds of cauldrons are located in the northwest – from the Kosogolskie lakes to the middle course of the Iyus river. The same can be said about the presence of the distribution of such finds in the southern territory. It is localized mainly from the Askiz steppe and to the left bank of the Yenisei river in this area. The analysis of object sets focused on identification of repeated sets of items (mirrors, axes, belt fixtures, jewelry) in buried treasures that included cauldrons. Conclusion. The publication puts forward a hypothesis concerning the potential of using cauldrons as a buried treasure container in terms of its dating range. Based on the contents of buried treasures that included cauldrons, relative chronological lines of these object sets from the Scythian to the Xiongnu and Xianbei time for the Middle Yenisei region was proposed.

Trakhtemirov: A Fortified City site on the Dnieper

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU. V. BOLTRIK ◽  
E. E. FIALKO
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The West ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on Trakhtemirov, one of the most important ancient settlements of the Early Iron Age in the Ukraine. During the ancient period, the trade routes and caravans met at Trakhtemirov which was situated over the three crossing points of the Dneiper. Its location on the steep heights assured residents of Trakhtemirov security of settlement. On three sides it was protected by the course of the Dnieper while on the other side it was defended by the plateau of the pre-Dneiper elevation. The ancient Trakhtemirov city is located around 100 km below Kiev, on a peninsula which is jutted into the river from the west. Trakhtemirov in the Early Iron Age was important as it was the site of the Cossack capital of Ukraine. It was also the site of the most prestigious artefacts of the Scythian period and a site for various items of jewellery, tools and weaponry. The abundance of artefacts in Trakhtemirov suggests that the city is a central place among the scattered sites of the middle course of the Dneiper.

Late second–early first millennium BC abrupt climate changes in coastal Syria and their possible significance for the history of the Eastern Mediterranean

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kaniewski ◽  
E. Paulissen ◽  
E. Van Campo ◽  
H. Weiss ◽  
T. Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Iron Age I

AbstractThe alluvial deposits near Gibala-Tell Tweini provide a unique record of environmental history and food availability estimates covering the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. The refined pollen-derived climatic proxy suggests that drier climatic conditions occurred in the Mediterranean belt of Syria from the late 13th/early 12th centuries BC to the 9th century BC. This period corresponds with the time frame of the Late Bronze Age collapse and the subsequent Dark Age. The abrupt climate change at the end of the Late Bronze Age caused region-wide crop failures, leading towards socio-economic crises and unsustainability, forcing regional habitat-tracking. Archaeological data show that the first conflagration of Gibala occurred simultaneously with the destruction of the capital city Ugarit currently dated between 1194 and 1175 BC. Gibala redeveloped shortly after this destruction, with large-scale urbanization visible in two main architectural phases during the Early Iron Age I. The later Iron Age I city was destroyed during a second conflagration, which is radiocarbon-dated at circa 2950 cal yr BP. The data from Gibala-Tell Tweini provide evidence in support of the drought hypothesis as a triggering factor behind the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Eastern Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Phytomorphic carnelian pendants in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages of the Iberian Peninsula: origin, distribution, and significance

Complutum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Francisco B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Prestige Goods

 First highlighted as possible markers for early, 2nd millennium BCE contacts between the Iberian Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean, phytomorphic carnelian pendants have become a significant part of the discussion on that subject. However, a number of new finds which have taken place in recent years have transformed the available image regarding both the geographic distribution and the chronological setting of these pieces. An updated overview is presented here, which suggests they should now preferably be considered as part of the array of prestige goods introduced in the Far West by Phoenician trade between the later stages of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age

scholarly journals Denis Topal, The specificity of the Scythian panoply of the Lower Danube

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
The Right ◽  
Archaeological Landscape

The archaeological landscape of the Lower Danube was changing with the importance of the Danube itself, which either became, or a cultural water¬shed, or an artery, connecting the ancient communities. In the Early Iron Age, it seems that the Danube did not become an invincible barrier for the spread of offensive weapons of Scythian origin. Moreover, Dobruja itself looks like a ter-ritory mastered by the Scythians, starting from the Archaic period. The Lower Danube group forms a separate “steppe” cultural assemblage together with the Lower Dniester, South Carpathian and South Danube groups, for which the spear became the main type of weapon. However, these preferences were re¬flected in the morphology of the Scythian akinakes. So, for this steppe or Dan-ube enclave, swords are more characteristic than daggers. Daggers are connected mainly with the forest-steppe part of the Carpathian-Dniester region and Transylvania. The warrior graves of the Lower Danube region mainly belong to the Classical Scythian period, while the only exception is related to the right bank of the Lower Danube. However, there are no burials with akinakai and even stray finds in Classical time outside the steppe.

scholarly journals THE SETTLEMENT OF THE EARLY IRON AGE NEAR S. IVANIVKA IN TYASMYN REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
O. D. Mogylov ◽  
S. V. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
River Region ◽  
Scythian Period

The article is devoted to the publication of the materials of the settlement of the Early Iron Age near Ivanivka in the Tyasmyn river region. Archaeological reconnaissance here revealed the emergence of cultural strata, represented by animal bones, ceramic moldings and imported antique utensils, arrowheads, pins. The materials date back to the pre-Scythian and Scythian period: VIII—IV centuries BC.

scholarly journals Frequency of dental caries in children in the Early Iron Age and the Medieval populations from Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Valentinovna Yanko ◽  
Andrij Vladislavovich Artemyev ◽  
Lyudmyla Fedorivna Kaskova
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
European Populations

AbstractIn this paper we determine the caries frequency in children of the Early Iron Age (EIA) (the 9th - the 3d centuries BC) and the Medieval populations (the 8th - the beginning of the 15th century AD) from the Ukraine area, and compare the results with the data from several European populations who lived at the same time. The EIA is presented by 41 children skeletons, three of which were Cimmerian (the 9th - the 7th centuries BC) from the territory of contemporary Poltava region; 38 skulls from the territory of contemporary Poltava region and Crimea represented Scythian period (the 7th - the 3d centuries BC). Remains of 24 children from the Medieval populations were also examined, three of which were the ancient Hungarians from the Poltava region (the 8th - the 9th centuries AD), 6 Khazars from the Kharkiv region (the 8th - the 9th centuries), 1 child related the Old Rus culture from the Kyiv region (the 9th century), and 14 representatives of the nomadic populations in the Golden Horde period (the 13th - the beginning of the 15th century) from the Poltava and Zaporizhzhya regions. Taking in consideration the letter archaeobotanical studies we suggest that there were no major changes in the plants exploited during all the studied periods. The frequency of carious lesions in children from the Medieval populations (8.3% in individuals, 0.5% in deciduous teeth, and 0.4% in permanent teeth) is only slightly higher than those from the EIA period (2.4% in individuals and 0.2% in deciduous teeth). These indexes were not larger those of majority of European populations dated to the same historic period. Further isotopic, chemical and palaeobotanical studies of the additional sites, with sufficient sample sizes, allow us to learn so much more of the cariogenic factors in children of the past populations from the Ukraine area.

Cultural and Economic Type and Archaeological Appearance of the Cimmerians (a Brief Historiographical Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sergei B. Valchak
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The South ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
The Russian Language

The article discusses various opinions related to the solution of the “Cimmerian problem”, set out in the Russian-language scientific literature in the period of the XX-beginning of the XXI centuries. Special attention is paid to the historiography of the question of the cultural and economic type of the Cimmerians and the approach of various researchers to its definition. The author also considers the question of the material culture of the Cimmerians and the archaeological sites associated with them, their interpretations and various hypotheses proposed at different times by researchers of the archeology of the Early Iron Age, chronological concepts. The author supports the hypothesis of T.M. Kuznetsova about the insufficient argumentation of the statement about the Cimmerians-nomads and the hypothesis of V.R. Erlikh about the identification with the Cimmerians of archaeological sites of the classical Novocherkassk stage of the pre-Scythian period, which is characterized by a peculiar and massive complex of horse equipment and weapons of soldiers-riders. In a wide chronological range, these sites can be dated no earlier than the last quarter of the 8th, and probably no later than the middle of the 7th century BC. The horizon of the few monuments of the “Jabotinsky type” in the south of Eastern Europe, which does not have a local substrate, is considered to belong to the early Scythians no earlier than the end of the first quarter of the 7th century, before the beginning of their cam-paigns in Transcaucasia, the countries of Near Asia in the 7th century BC.

scholarly journals First Radiocarbon Chronology for the Early Iron Age Sites of Central Kazakhstan (Tasmola Culture and Korgantas Period)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Z Beisenov ◽  
Svetlana V Svyatko ◽  
Aibar Е Kassenalin ◽  
Kairat А Zhambulatov ◽  
Daniyar Duisenbai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

AbstractWe present the first radiocarbon dates of Early Iron Age sites of central Kazakhstan (in total, 24 dates for 16 recently excavated sites). Archaeologically, the sites have been attributed to the Tasmola culture of the Saka period and later Korgantas phase of the early Hun period. The new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates suggest that the majority of analyzed Tasmola sites belong to the beginning of the 8th–5th century cal BC, while Korgantas dates to the 4th–2nd century cal BC. This corresponds with the latest archaeological data for the region; however, it is somewhat contrary to the traditional perception of the chronology of the Scythian period in central Kazakhstan. The new dates suggest the beginning of the Early Scythian period in the region in at least the late 9th or 8th century BC rather than 7th century BC according to the traditional approach.

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