Using Aggregated Farm Location Information to Predict Regional Structural Change of Farm Specialisation, Size and Exit/Entry in Norway Agriculture

In this paper, we extend the analysis of farm structural change with respect to farm specialisation, size and exit in Norway by, first, explicitly incorporating the location information of farms generating a number of neighbouring farms within a certain range and, second, by predicting farm numbers in addition to farm group shares, which allows for consideration of the exit farm group. We use Norwegian single-farm full census data for the period 1996–2015. Four production specialisations and seven size classes represent farm groups, as well as a residual and an exit farm group at the regional level. The estimates indicate the explanatory power and importance of aggregated farm location information in the model. Simulation analysis showed that the farm groups develop differently, given a change in the number of neighbouring farms with respect to the farm numbers and farm group shares.

Graves of the beginning of the Early Iron Age in the barrow 1 of the “Rybkhoz” (“Fish farm”) Group in the Lower Dniester region

Two graves of the Pre-Scythian period (Chernogorovka culture) from barrow 1 of the “Rybkhoz” (“Fish farm”) group near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester are considered on the broad background of analogies. The issues of chronology and morphology of some categories of adornments are analyzed. Particular attention is drawn to burial 8 with two bronze temporal pendants. There are no analogies to these adornments in the materials of the Chernogorovka culture. The decorative endings of these pendants resemble the design of the backs of the eastern Mediterranean (“nodular”) fibulae, especially items with three spherical or biconical thickenings. Rings-pendants from burial 14 do not find complete matches among the adornments of the Chernogorovka culture. At the same time, these products are similar to adornments from contemporaneous North Caucasian sites due to their massiveness and non-closed ends. Both graves date back to the 9th – the first half of the 8th century BC.

Explaining farm structural change in the European agriculture: a novel analytical framework

In this paper, we analyse the drivers of farm structural change in the EU-27, applying a novel analytical framework in the field of agricultural economics known as the multiplicative competitive interaction (MCI) model. MCI offers a more parsimonious specification for estimating models of regional farm group shares compared to the often-applied Markov approach. The MCI framework enables farm group-specific equations, which are used to account for drivers specific to certain farm groups. The MCI framework explains farm group shares at the regional level taken from the Farm Structure Survey (FSS) using socio-economic variables from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and other databases for the period 1989–2013. We consider eight production specialisations and two size classes at the NUTS 2 regional level. The results indicate that the past farm structure explains approximately 36 per cent of the EU farm structure variation across regions and time, followed by natural conditions (16 per cent), agricultural prices (14 per cent), macroeconomic variables (9 per cent), subsidies (7 per cent), population (6 per cent) and agricultural income (6 per cent). Further, we have run a simulation experiment where we derived elasticities of structural change with respect to time-varying variables. The structural change appears to be the most elastic with respect to income and macroeconomic variables.

UJI COBA PROGRAM KEMITRAAN KEHUTANAN DI KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN UNIT XIV GEDONG WANI, PROVINSI LAMPUNG Trial of Forestry Patnership Program in Forest Management Unit XIV Gedong Wani, Lampung Province

The partnership program is one solution in conflict resolution on state forest land use by the commUnity. The aim of research to explain the trials of forestry partnership program in Forest Management Unit XIV Gedong Wani. The research approach was conducted qualitatively, where in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussion and document study were conducted for data collection. The results showed that there are two forms of partnership trial that developed, where is a partnership with Agroforests Park and poultry farm group. The supporting factors of implementation of the partnership between KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani and KTH Agroforests Park were stakeholder involvement and a high level of members trust to the management; while the inhibiting factor were their members obey the rules and interventions by NGOs Manunggal Wana Bakti against management. The supporting factors of implementation of the partnership between KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani and poultry farm group were the involvement of the association of poultry farm entrepreneurs and the awareness level of poultry farm; while the inhibiting factor were limitations of informations, officers, and the effort by Forest Management Unit XIV Gedong Wani. Coaching and mentoring efforts should be undertaken by officers with special expertise in their fields; so it is expected to increase the capacity of the commUnity.Keywords: farmers group; forestry partnerships; Forest Management Unit (KPH); conflict; access Program kemitraan merupakan salah satu solusi dalam penyelesaian konflik pemanfaatan lahan hutan negara oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan uji coba program kemitraan kehutanan di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Unit XIV Gedong Wani. Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif, dimana wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan, focus group discussion dan studi dokumen dalam pengumpulan datanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk uji coba kemitraan yang dikembangkan yaitu kemitraan dengan kelompok tani hutan Agroforest Park dan peternak ayam. Faktor pendukung pelaksanaan uji coba kemitraan antara KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani dan KTH Agroforest Park adalah adanya keterlibatan stakeholder terkait dan tingginya tingkat kepercayaan anggota terhadap pengurus; sementara faktor penghambatnya adalah adanya anggota yang tidak patuh terhadap aturan dan intervensi oleh LSM Manunggal Wana Bakti terhadap pengurus. Faktor pendukung uji coba kemitraan antara KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani dan peternak ayam adalah adanya keterlibatan asosiasi pengusaha industri ayam ras dan tingkat kesadaran peternak; sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah keterbatasan informasi, petugas serta upaya yang dilakukan pihak KPH Unit XIV Gedong Wani. Upaya pembinaan dan pendampingan perlu dilakukan oleh petugas yang memiliki keahlian khusus dalam bidangnya; sehingga diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat.Kata kunci: kelompok tani, kemitraan kehutanan, Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH), konflik, akses

AKSES DAN DAMPAK KREDIT MIKRO TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

The ultimate problem of organic paddy farm is limited access formal credit due to collateral requirement. Farmers only have access to semi-formal institution like cooperatives and group of farmers (Gapoktan.red) because of simplicity of administration procedure and payment system. The objectives of this study are to analized accessibility of micro-credit to organic paddy farmers in Bogor and its impact to production of organic paddy. With Heckman Sample Selection Model, we found that access of credit influenced negatively by age of farmers, number of household member, membership of farm group, and the acreage of land use. Microcredit give significant impact to production of organic paddy and it is simultaneous with fertilizer and labor. Microcredit that they have taken used to pay labor and also bought the fertilizer. Keywords : access of microcredit, impact of microcredit, production of organic paddy

AKSES DAN DAMPAK KREDIT MIKRO TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

The ultimate problem of organic paddy farm is limited access formal credit due to collateral requirement. Farmers only have access to semi-formal institution like cooperatives and group of farmers (Gapoktan.red) because of simplicity of administration procedure and payment system. The objectives of this study are to analized accessibility of micro-credit to organic paddy farmers in Bogor and its impact to production of organic paddy. With Heckman Sample Selection Model, we found that access of credit influenced negatively by age of farmers, number of household member, membership of farm group, and the acreage of land use. Microcredit give significant impact to production of organic paddy and it is simultaneous with fertilizer and labor. Microcredit that they have taken used to pay labor and also bought the fertilizer. Keywords : access of microcredit, impact of microcredit, production of organic paddy