scholarly journals Higher Ultraviolet Radiation During Early Life Reduces Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Boys

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Miller
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
First Year Of Life

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that environmental exposures may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is of interest in relation to the development of T1D because of its immunoregulatory actions. Ecological studies testing the correlation between levels of UVR and T1D have shown a significant inverse relationship for both incidence and prevalence. Objectives and Approach We used large linked datasets to test ambient UVR during early life against T1D risk at the individual level. We conducted a nested case-control study using linked data from state-wide administrative datasets and NASA satellites. Cases (n=1819) were all children born in Western Australia from 1980-2014 with a diagnosis of T1D on the population-based Western Australian Children’s Diabetes Database between 0-16 years of age. Controls (n=27 259) were randomly selected from all live births in Western Australia and matched to cases on sex and date of birth. Daily UVR data from NASA satellites, that were date-and location-specific for each individual, were used to estimate total UVR dose for each trimester of pregnancy and the first year of life. ResultsConditional logistic regression showed that T1D risk was 44% lower in boys of mothers with UVR levels in the highest quartile (compared to the lowest quartile) during their third trimester of pregnancy (p=0.04). Higher UVR in the first year of life was also associated with a significantly lower risk of T1D in later childhood among boys. Among girls, there was no evidence of an association between total UVR dose and T1D risk. ConclusionHigher UVR in the third trimester and first year of life appears to interact with sex-specific factors to lower T1D risk among boys (but not girls) in Western Australia.

scholarly journals Higher ultraviolet radiation during early life is associated with lower risk of childhood type 1 diabetes among boys

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Miller ◽  
Prue H. Hart ◽  
Robyn M. Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth A. Davis ◽  
Nicholas H. de Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Type ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractPopulation-level ecological studies show type 1 diabetes incidence is inversely correlated with ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels. We conducted a nested case–control study using administrative datasets to test this association at the individual level. Cases (n = 1819) were children born in Western Australia (WA) from 1980–2014, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at ≤ 16 years. Controls (n = 27,259) were randomly selected from all live births in WA, matched to cases by sex and date of birth. Total ambient erythemal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses for each trimester of pregnancy and first year of life were estimated for each individual, using daily NASA satellite data that were date- and geographically-specific. Conditional logistic regression tested the association between UVR dose and case–control status. Type 1 diabetes risk was 42% lower in boys of mothers with third-trimester UVR dose in the highest (compared to the lowest) quartile (p = 0.04). Higher UVR in the first year of life was associated with lower type 1 diabetes risk among boys (p = 0.01). UVR dose was not associated with type 1 diabetes risk in girls. Higher UVR in late pregnancy and early life appear to interact with sex-specific factors to lower type 1 diabetes risk among boys in Western Australia.

scholarly journals Dog Exposure During the First Year of Life and Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (7) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Mona-Lisa Wernroth ◽  
Bodil Svennblad ◽  
Katja Fall ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Catarina Almqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diabetes In Childhood ◽  
First Year Of Life

Growth in the first year of life and the risk of type 1 diabetes in a Danish population

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannet Svensson ◽  
Bendix Carstensen ◽  
Henrik B. Mortensen ◽  
Knut Borch-Johnsen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
First Year ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
First Year Of Life

Higher Ultraviolet Radiation During Early Life Reduces Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes Among Boys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M Miller ◽  
Prue H Hart ◽  
Robyn M Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
Nicholas H de Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Childhood Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Childhood Type

scholarly journals Pregnancy in teenagers diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood: a national population-based e-cohort study

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowri A. Allen ◽  
Rebecca L. Cannings-John ◽  
Annette Evans ◽  
Daniel S. Thayer ◽  
Robert French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancies in a national cohort of teenage (<20 years) and young adult women (≥20 years) with and without childhood-onset (<15 years) type 1 diabetes. We hypothesised that, owing to poor glycaemic control during the teenage years, pregnancy outcomes would be poorer in teenage mothers with type 1 diabetes than young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes and mothers without diabetes. Methods The Brecon Register of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Wales since 1995 was linked to population-based datasets in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, creating an electronic cohort (e-cohort) of legal births (live or stillbirths beyond 24 weeks’ gestation) to women aged less than 35 years between 1995 and 2013 in Wales. Teenage pregnancy rates were calculated based on the number of females in the same birth cohort in Wales. Pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, low birthweight, macrosomia, congenital malformations, stillbirths and hospital admissions during the first year of life, were obtained from electronic records for the whole Welsh population. We used logistic and negative binomial regression to compare outcomes among teenage and young adult mothers with and without type 1 diabetes. Results A total of 197,796 births were eligible for inclusion, including 330 to girls and women with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, of whom 68 were teenagers (age 14–19 years, mean 17.9 years) and 262 were young adults (age 20–32 years, mean 24.0 years). The mean duration of diabetes was 14.3 years (9.7 years for teenagers; 15.5 years for young adults). Pregnancy rates were lower in teenagers with type 1 diabetes than in teenagers without diabetes (mean annual teenage pregnancy rate between 1999 and 2013: 8.6 vs 18.0 per 1000 teenage girls, respectively; p < 0.001). In the background population, teenage pregnancy was associated with deprivation (p < 0.001), but this was not the case for individuals with type 1 diabetes (p = 0.85). Glycaemic control was poor in teenage and young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes (mean HbA1c based on closest value to conception: 81.3 and 80.2 mmol/mol [9.6% and 9.5%], respectively, p = 0.78). Glycaemic control improved during pregnancy in both groups but to a greater degree in young adults, who had significantly better glycaemic control than teenagers by the third trimester (mean HbA1c: 54.0 vs 67.4 mmol/mol [7.1% vs 8.3%], p = 0.01). All adverse outcomes were more common among mothers with type 1 diabetes than mothers without diabetes. Among those with type 1 diabetes, hospital admissions during the first year of life were more common among babies of teenage vs young adult mothers (adjusted OR 5.91 [95% CI 2.63, 13.25]). Other outcomes were no worse among teenage mothers with type 1 diabetes than among young adult mothers with diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation Teenage girls with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Wales are less likely to have children than teenage girls without diabetes. Teenage pregnancy in girls with type 1 diabetes, unlike in the background population, is not associated with social deprivation. In our cohort, glycaemic control was poor in both teenage and young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes. Pregnancy outcomes were comparable between teenage and young adult mothers with type 1 diabetes, but hospital admissions during the first year of life were five times more common among babies of teenage mothers with type 1 diabetes than those of young adult mothers with diabetes.

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