Clinical Results

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Goodfellow ◽  
John O'Connor ◽  
Hemant Pandit ◽  
Christopher Dodd ◽  
David Murray
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The results of UKA can be gathered from three main sources: the reports of the national registers, observational studies (both comparative and case series), and randomised controlled trials. In this chapter, we attempt an overview of the clinical results of UKA in general and OUKA in particular. It is important to note that the ‘result’ is of the whole arthroplasty which includes the indications, the technique as well as the implant.

scholarly journals Measurement of long-term outcomes in observational and randomised controlled trials

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (S50) ◽  
pp. s78-s84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hodgson ◽  
Chris Bushe ◽  
Robert Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Pragmatic Trials ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating treatment efficacy. However, the outcomes of RCTs often lackclinical utility and usually do not address real-world effectivenessAimsTo review how traditional RCTs may be triangulatedwith other methodologies such as observational studies and pragmatic trials by highlighting recently reported studies, outcomes used and their respective meritsMethodLiterature review focusing on drug treatmentResultsRecently reported observational and some pragmatic studies show a degree of consistency in reported results and use outcomes that have face validity for cliniciansConclusionsNo single experimental paradigm or outcome provides the necessary data to optimise treatment of mental illness in the clinical setting

Should the duration of head bandaging be reduced after pinnaplasty? A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 948-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E L McMurran ◽  
I Khan ◽  
S Mohamad ◽  
M Shakeel ◽  
H Kubba
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
National Library ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Cochrane Library

AbstractBackground:It is common practice to use head bandages for 7–10 days following pinnaplasty. However, head bandages are often troublesome for patients and can lead to serious complications.Method:A systematic review was performed to evaluate the use of head bandages after pinnaplasty. A search of Medline, Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO collections), the Cochrane Library, Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine) and Google Scholar identified 34 related articles. Of these, 14 were deemed relevant and 2 randomised controlled trials, 1 cohort study, 3 case series and 1 literature review met the inclusion criteria.Results:The two randomised controlled trials show no statistically significant difference in complications when a head bandage was used for the standard 7–10 days, for 24 hours or not at all. The three case series show that using a head bandage for 24 hours or not at all are safe alternatives. The review article recommended that when head bandages are applied after pinnaplasty it should be for the shortest duration possible.Conclusion:Based on the available evidence, not using a head bandage at all or using one for a maximum of 24 hours following pinnaplasty is recommended.

Are head bandages really required after middle-ear surgery? A systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (8) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Khan ◽  
S Mohamad ◽  
S Ansari ◽  
A Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Middle Ear Surgery ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjective:A systematic review was performed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of head bandages after routine elective middle-ear surgery.Methods:Studies that compared the effectiveness of head bandage use after elective middle-ear surgery (e.g. myringoplasty, mastoidectomy and cochlear implantation) were identified using the following databases: Ovid Medline and Embase, the Ebsco collections, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar. An initial search identified 71 articles. All titles and abstracts were reviewed. Thirteen relevant articles were inspected in more detail; of these, only five met the inclusion criteria. These included three randomised, controlled trials, one retrospective case series and one literature review.Results:The three randomised, controlled trials (level of evidence 1b) showed no statistically significant differences in post-operative outcomes (in terms of complications) associated with head bandage use in middle-ear surgery. This finding was supported by the retrospective case series involving patients undergoing cochlear implantation.Conclusion:Current available evidence shows no advantage of head bandage use after middle-ear surgery. Head bandages may not be required after routine, uncomplicated middle-ear surgery.

scholarly journals The effect of iodine deficiency during pregnancy on child development

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Bath
Keyword(s):  
School Performance ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
In Pregnancy

It is well known that severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may cause impaired brain development in the child, with effects on cognitive and motor function, hearing and speech. Whether mild-to-moderate deficiency also affects neurological development is less well known, but in the past decade a number of observational studies have been conducted to answer this question and these studies are reviewed in this article. The picture is now emerging that even mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with subtle impairments in cognition and school performance, although the evidence from randomised controlled trials is still lacking. As global efforts to eradicate iodine deficiency in populations continue, it is more likely that mild-to-moderate, rather than severe, iodine deficiency will be the issue of concern in pregnancy, and therefore further research in regions of mild-to-moderate deficiency is required to strengthen the research base and to inform public-health policy.

Acupuncture in the Treatment of Hypertension and Stroke

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Emily Ren
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Acupuncture Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Hierarchy Of Evidence ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Drug ◽  
Randomised Controlled

This article identifies and comments on published studies of acupuncture treatment for hypertension and stroke. In all, 27 appropriate papers were analysed: 13 were hypertension papers with 3 being of controlled trials, and 14 were stroke papers with 5 controlled trials. The articles consisted of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled trials, and case series studies. The hypertension papers also involved some cohort studies. In general, sample sizes of these studies were small. Acupuncture in these papers was used as a secondary intervention for treating hypertension and as a tertiary intervention for stroke rehabilitation. The RCTs (the top of the hierarchy of evidence) of hypertension showed that acupuncture was not more effective than sham acupuncture or the anti-hypertensive drug, reserpine; however, all the case series suggested that acupuncture was an effective treatment. The RCT evidence for stroke showed that the effectiveness of acupuncture was similar to that of conventional treatment. The conclusion was that from the papers analysed there is insufficient evidence to show that acupuncture produces better results than other treatments for hypertension or stroke.

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