scholarly journals Do Disaster Literacy and Mitigation Policy Affect Residents Resettling in Tsunami Prone Areas? Study from the City of Banda Aceh, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Khairunnisa ◽  
Yusya Abubakar ◽  
Didik Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Tsunami Risk ◽  
Banda Aceh

Akbar, A., Ma'rif, S. (2014). Arah Perkembangan Kawasan Perumahan Pasca Bencana Tsunami di Kota Banda Aceh. Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota), 3(2), 274-284.Bandrova, T., Zlatanova, S., Konecny, M. (2012). Three-dimensional maps for disaster management. In ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume I-2, XXII ISPRS Congress, August-September 2012, pp. 19-24. International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.BNPB. (2012). Menuju Indonesia Tangguh Tsunami. Jakarta: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana.BNPB. (2016). Kebijakan dan Strategi Penanggulangan Bencana 2015-2019 (Jakstra PB).BPBA. (2015). Kajian Risiko Bencana Aceh 2016-2020.BPBD. (2017). Rencana Pengurangan Bencana. Banda Aceh.BRR. (2005). Program Blueprint Aceh.Carreño, M. L., Cardona, O. D., Barbat, A. H. (2007). A Disaster Risk Management Performance Index. Natural Hazards, 41(1), 1-20.Danugroho, A., Umamah, N., Pratama, A. R. (2020). Aceh Tsunami and Government Policy in Handling It: A Historical Study. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 485, No. 1, p. 012140). IOP Publishing.Febriana, D. S., Abubakar, Y. (2015). Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Desa Siaga Bencana dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi di Kecamatan Meuraxa Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Ilmu Kebencanaan: Program Pascasarjana Unsyiah, 2(3).Gadeng, A. N., Furqan, M. H. (2019). The Development of Settlement in the Tsunami Red Zone Area of Banda Aceh City. KnE Social Sciences, 1-13.Godschalk, D., Bohl, C. C., Beatley, T., Berke, P., Brower, D., Kaiser, E. J. (1999). Natural Hazard Mitigation: Recasting Disaster Policy and Planning. Island press.Goltz, J., Yamori, K. (2020). Tsunami Preparedness and Mitigation Strategies. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science.Herrmann, G. (2013). Regulation of Coastal Zones and Natural Disasters: Mitigating the Impact of Tsunamis in Chile Through Urban and Regional Planning. Issues in Legal Scholarship, 11(1), 29-44.Jain, Garima., Singh, Chandni and Malani, T. (2017). Rethinking Post-disaster Relocation in Urban India. International Institute for Environment and Development.Kafle, S. K. (2006). Rapid Disaster Risk Assessment of Coastal Communities: A Case Study of Mutiara Village, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Environment and Disaster Management Held in Jakarta, Indonesia on December (pp. 5-8).Mardiatno, D., Malawani, M. N., Annisa, D. N., Wacano, D. (2017). Review on Tsunami Risk Reduction in Indonesia Based on Coastal and Settlement Typology. The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 49(2), 186-197.Marlyono, S. G. (2017). Peranan Literasi Informasi Bencana terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Masyarakat Jawa Barat. Jurnal Geografi Gea, 16(2), 116-123.Oktari, R. S., Nugroho, A., Fahmi, M., Suppasri, A., Munadi, K., Amra, R. (2021). Fifteen years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Aceh-Indonesia: Mitigation, preparedness and challenges for a long-term disaster recovery process. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 54, 102052.Peacock, W. G. and H. R. (2011). The Adoption and Implementation of Hazard Mitigation Policies and Strategies by Coastal Jurisdictions in Texas: The Planning Survey Results. Retrieved from http/TheAdoptionandImplementationofHazardMitigationPoliciesandStrategiesbyCoastalJurisdictionsinTexasDec2011.pdfPemerintah Kota Banda Aceh. (2009).Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Banda Aceh 2009-2029.Priyowidodo, G., Luik, J. E. (2013). Literasi mitigasi bencana tsunami untuk masyarakat pesisir di Kabupaten Pacitan Jawa Timur. Ekotrans, 13(1), 47-61.PU, K. (2015). Rancangan Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Inventaris Jangka Menengah (RPI-2JM) Bidang Cipta Karya 2015-2019.Sambah, A. B., Miura, F. (2019). Geo Spatial Analysis for Tsunami Risk Mapping. In Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications, Tsunami Disasters, and Infrastructure. IntechOpen.Schwab, A. K., Sandler, D., Brower, D. J. (2016). Hazard Mitigation and Preparedness: An Introductory Text For Emergency Management and Planning Professionals. CRC Press.Shigenobu, T., Istiyanto, D., Kuribayashi, D. (2009). Sustainable Tsunami Risk Reduction and Utilization of Tsunami Hazard Map (THM).Strunz, G., Post, J., Zosseder, K., Wegscheider, S., Mück, M., Riedlinger, T., ... Muhari, A. (2011). Tsunami Risk Assessment in Indonesia. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(1), 67-82.Sugiyono. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan:(pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R D). Bandung: Alfabeta.Sunarto, S., Marfai, M. A. (2012). Potensi Bencana Tsunami dan Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Studi Kasus Desa Sumberagung Banyuwangi Jawa Timur. In Forum Geografi (Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 17-28).Syamsidik, Nugroho, A., Suryani, R., Fahmi., M. (2019). Aceh Pasca 15 Tahun Bencana Tsunami: Kilas Balik dan Proses Pemulihan. Banda Aceh: Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC).Torani, S., Majd, P. M., Maroufi, S. S., Dowlati, M., Sheikhi, R. A. (2019). The Importance of Education on Disasters and Emergencies: A review article. Journal of Education and Health promotion, 8.Triatmadja, R. (2011). Tsunami: Kejadian, Penjalaran, Daya Rusak, dan Mitigasinya. Gadjah Mada University Press.Widianto, A., Damen, M. (2014). Determination of Coastal Belt in the Disaster Prone Area: A Case Study in The Coastal Area of Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 46(2), 125.

Multiple-hazards and their interactions in urban low-to-middle income countries: a case study from Nairobi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Malamud ◽  
Emmah Mwangi ◽  
Joel Gill ◽  
Ekbal Hussain ◽  
Faith Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Soil Subsidence ◽  
Ground Collapse

<p>Global policy frameworks, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, increasingly advocate for multi-hazard approaches across different spatial scales. However, management approaches on the ground are still informed by siloed approaches based on one single natural hazard (e.g. flood, earthquake, snowstorm). However, locations are rarely subjected to a single natural hazard but rather prone to more than one. These different hazards and their interactions (e.g. one natural hazard triggering or increasing the probability of one or more natural hazards), together with exposure and vulnerability, shape the disaster landscape of a given region and associated disaster impact.  Here, as part of the UK GCRF funded research grant “Tomorrow’s Cities” we first map out the single natural hazardscape for Nairobi using evidence collected through peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, social media and newspapers. We find the following hazard groups and hazard types present in Nairobi: (i) geophysical (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides), (ii) hydrological (floods and droughts), (iii) shallow earth processes (regional subsidence, ground collapse, soil subsidence, ground heave), (iv) atmospheric hazards (storm, hail, lightning, extreme heat, extreme cold), (v) biophysical (urban fires), and vi) space hazards (geomatic storms, and impact events). The breadth of single natural hazards that can potentially impact Nairobi is much larger than normally considered by individual hazard managers that work in Nairobi. We then use a global hazard matrix to identify possible hazard interactions, focusing on the following interaction mechanisms: (i) hazard triggering secondary hazard, (ii) hazards amplifying the possibility of the secondary hazard occurring.  We identify 67 possible interactions, as well as some of the interaction cascade typologies that are typical for Nairobi (e.g. a storm triggers and increases the probability of a flood which in turn increases the probability of a flood). Our results indicate a breadth of natural hazards and their interactions in Nairobi, and emphasise a need for a multi-hazard approach to disaster risk reduction.</p>

Natural Hazards and Their Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewald van Niekerk ◽  
Livhuwani David Nemakonde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Sub Saharan

The sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region, along with the rest of the African continent, is prone to a wide variety of natural hazards. Most of these hazards and the associated disasters are relatively silent and insidious, encroaching on life and livelihoods, increasing social, economic, and environmental vulnerability even to moderate events. With the majority of SSA’s disasters being of hydrometeorological origin, climate change through an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events is likely to exacerbate the situation. Whereas a number of countries in SSA face significant governance challenges to effectively respond to disasters and manage risk reduction measures, considerable progress has been made since the early 2000s in terms of policies, strategies, and/or institutional mechanisms to advance disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management. As such, most countries in SSA have developed/reviewed policies, strategies, and plans and put in place institutions with dedicated staffs and resources for natural hazard management. However, the lack of financial backing, limited skills, lack of coordination among sectors, weak political leadership, inadequate communication, and shallow natural hazard risk assessment, hinders effective natural hazard management in SSA. The focus here is on the governance of natural hazards in the sub-Saharan Africa region, and an outline of SSA’s natural hazard profile is presented. Climate change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, thus influencing the occurrence of natural hazards in this region. Also emphasized are good practices in natural hazard governance, and SSA’s success stories are described. Finally, recommendations on governance arrangements for effective implementation of disaster risk reduction initiatives and measures are provided.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Derived Built-Up Area and Population Density to Quantify Global Exposure to Five Natural Hazards over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Ehrlich ◽  
Michele Melchiorri ◽  
Aneta Florczyk ◽  
Martino Pesaresi ◽  
Thomas Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Over Time

Exposure is reported to be the biggest determinant of disaster risk, it is continuously growing and by monitoring and understanding its variations over time it is possible to address disaster risk reduction, also at the global level. This work uses Earth observation image archives to derive information on human settlements that are used to quantify exposure to five natural hazards. This paper first summarizes the procedure used within the global human settlement layer (GHSL) project to extract global built-up area from 40 year deep Landsat image archive and the procedure to derive global population density by disaggregating population census data over built-up area. Then it combines the global built-up area and the global population density data with five global hazard maps to produce global layers of built-up area and population exposure to each single hazard for the epochs 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2015 to assess changes in exposure to each hazard over 40 years. Results show that more than 35% of the global population in 2015 was potentially exposed to earthquakes (with a return period of 475 years); one billion people are potentially exposed to floods (with a return period of 100 years). In light of the expansion of settlements over time and the changing nature of meteorological and climatological hazards, a repeated acquisition of human settlement information through remote sensing and other data sources is required to update exposure and risk maps, and to better understand disaster risk and define appropriate disaster risk reduction strategies as well as risk management practices. Regular updates and refined spatial information on human settlements are foreseen in the near future with the Copernicus Sentinel Earth observation constellation that will measure the evolving nature of exposure to hazards. These improvements will contribute to more detailed and data-driven understanding of disaster risk as advocated by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

scholarly journals Exposure to natural hazard events unassociated with policy change for improved disaster risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nohrstedt ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Charles F. Parker ◽  
Giuliano Di Baldassarre
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Event Frequency ◽  
The World ◽  
Robust Result

AbstractNatural hazard events provide opportunities for policy change to enhance disaster risk reduction (DRR), yet it remains unclear whether these events actually fulfill this transformative role around the world. Here, we investigate relationships between the frequency (number of events) and severity (fatalities, economic losses, and affected people) of natural hazards and DRR policy change in 85 countries over eight years. Our results show that frequency and severity factors are generally unassociated with improved DRR policy when controlling for income-levels, differences in starting policy values, and hazard event types. This is a robust result that accounts for event frequency and different hazard severity indicators, four baseline periods estimating hazard impacts, and multiple policy indicators. Although we show that natural hazards are unassociated with improved DRR policy globally, the study unveils variability in policy progress between countries experiencing similar levels of hazard frequency and severity.

scholarly journals Natural hazards and climate change are not drivers of disasters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alik Ismail-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Time Dependent

AbstractMany nations face challenges in assessing, understanding, and responding to the time-dependent nature of disaster risk. Changes in the intensity of occurrences of extreme events coupled with changes in vulnerability and exposure alter the impacts of natural hazards on society in mostly negative ways. Here an interrelationship between natural hazard (NH), climate change (CC), vulnerability (V), exposure (E), and decisionmaking (DM) is considered. While NHs trigger disasters and CC is likely to intensify occurrences of disasters, V and E present major drivers of disasters. Informed DM on disaster risk reduction should be based on scientific evidence from NH and CC, knowledge of V and E, and relevant options for actions on preventive disaster measures as a part of preparedness and public awareness.

Natural Hazards Governance in Cuba

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique A. Castellanos Abella ◽  
Benjamin Wisner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Local Risk

Natural hazard governance in Cuba elicits widely differing commentaries. While some experts praise it as an extension of state commitment to social welfare, others debate the ethics, necessity, and utility of forced evacuation. However, many disaster experts are unaware of the long-term development of disaster reduction in the country—how Cuban risk governance has evolved in a unique geopolitical and social environment. Mass mobilization to prepare for military invasion and prior response to hurricane disaster provided the foundation for Cuba’s contemporary focus on disaster risk reduction. A pragmatic analysis of the development of natural hazard governance in Cuba and its components reveals key factors for its success in protecting lives. Deployment of local risk management centers, nationwide multi-hazard risk assessment, and early warning systems are recognized as important factors for the effectiveness of disaster reduction in the country. The number of scientific organizations collecting data and carrying out research is also a factor in the reduction of disaster impact and increases the level of resiliency. Over time, an increasing number of organizations and population groups have become involved in risk governance. Risk communication is used as a tool for keeping popular risk perception at an effective level, and for encouraging effective self-protection during hazard events. The continuous development and improvement of a multilateral framework for natural hazards governance is also among the important components of disaster risk reduction in Cuba. However, the economic crisis that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union and the long-lasting U.S. government blockade have been constraints on economic development and disaster risk reduction. These geopolitical and macroeconomic realities must be recognized as the main causes of the large economic losses and slow recovery after a natural hazard impact. Nevertheless, disaster recovery is carried out at the highest level of management with the goal of reducing vulnerability as much as possible to avoid future losses. Despite economic losses due to natural disasters, Cuban governance of natural hazards is evaluated as a success by most organizations and experts worldwide.

Ecosystem-based solutions for gravitational natural hazard mitigation: a review on the use of protection forests for disaster risk reduction in mountain areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cocuccioni ◽  
Francesca Poratelli ◽  
Cristian Accastello ◽  
Stefan Steger ◽  
Stefan Schneiderbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Natural Hazard Mitigation

<p>Mountain regions are affected by various natural hazards, of which gravitational mass movements are some of the most important ones. Due to the accumulation of settlements and intense economic activities in exposed areas, mountain regions such as the Alps constitute a risk hot-spot. The threat posed by gravitational natural hazards to human activities affirms the strong need for risk management, particularly for prevention. Structural measures are increasingly applied in combination with land use planning and ecosystem-based solutions. In particular, ecosystem-based solutions not only prevent the initiation of the processes but also act as a protective barrier. These green measures have been gaining an increasing attention also due to their adaptability to respond to the challenges posed by global change. Systematic reviews on how ecosystems can be used for disaster risk reduction have been carried out; however, their focus is on urban and coastal environments or on specific natural hazards such as shallow landslides. Up to now, there is no systematic review which addresses the role of ecosystems in disaster risk reduction regarding multiple gravitational natural hazards in mountain areas.</p><p>This contribution provides such a systematic review aimed at filling this knowledge gap to give a direction for future research. The review is composed of two main parts: a quantitative bibliometric analysis followed by a qualitative review. The quantitative part, based on the Scopus peer-reviewed database, aimed to investigate the publication trend on the ecosystem-based solutions for gravitational natural hazard mitigation by comparing it with the general trend of published scientific documents. The bibliometric analysis also served as a basis to select most relevant articles on which to conduct the subsequent qualitative analysis. The content of the so selected publications was analysed qualitatively the following  predefined criteria: the natural hazards addressed, the features of the ecosystem (i.e. forest species composition, management activities, effectiveness in risk mitigation), the development of alternative scenarios to test different hypothesis, the degree of stakeholder involvement, and the monetary evaluation of the measures (i.e. comparing them to structural measures). Results show a sharp increase in the number of publications on the topic from 1980 to 2018 compared to the overall number of documents published on Scopus. Although the overall topic is gaining more attention in scientific literature, the in-depth qualitative analysis revealed that research still pays little attention to stakeholder involvement and an economic evaluation of measures. We conclude that filling this research gap might help to foster a wider adoption of ecosystem-based solutions for disaster risk reduction across mountain areas.</p>

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