scholarly journals Review of geothermal conditions of Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Laszlo Lenkey ◽  
János Mihályka ◽  
Petra Paróczi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flow Map ◽  
Temperature Maps ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

The heat flow map of Hungary was presented in the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe in 2002 and was last updated in 2005. Since that time several geothermal projects, e.g. TransEnergy (2010-13), assessment of the geothermal potential of the Drava basin (2013) Paks-II, NPP (2016) and continuous drilling activity in the country have been in progress. Large amount of temperature data became available, which allowed the update of the Geothermal Database of Hungary and the compilation of an updated heat flow map and temperature maps. The heat flow is determined based on the Fourier law using the thermal conductivities of rocks and temperature gradient calculated from temperature observations in boreholes and wells. The thermal conductivity is known from laboratory measurements made on core samples. The thermal conductivities and the temperature data are stored in the Geothermal Database of Hungary. The heat flow is calculated in 2001 boreholes and wells using the Bullard-plot technique. The mean heat flow in Hungary is 90 mW/m2, varying between 30 mW/m2 and 120 mW/m2. The high values are found over buried basement highs in the eastern and southern part of the country, while the low values are located in the recharge areas of karstic flow systems. In the sedimentary basins, where the thickness of the Neogene and Quaternary sediments reaches 5-7 km, the heat flow is slightly below the mean value (80-90 mW/m2) due to the cooling effect of sedimentation. These basins contain the main thermal water aquifer in Hungary utilized for district heating and green house heating. The buried basement highs characterized by high heat flow (100-120 mW/m2) are potential sites to create artificial geothermal reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing (EGS). Temperature maps at 500 m, 1 km, 2 km and 3 km depths were also compiled. Similarly to the heat flow, the temperature anomalies strongly reflect the local and regional groundwater flow systems.

scholarly journals Methods to Invert Temperature Data and Heat Flow Data for Thermal Conductivity in Steady-State Conductive Regimes

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Wallace Anderson McAliley ◽  
Yaoguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

Temperature and heat flow data carry specific information about the distribution of thermal conductivity variations which is not available in other geophysical data sets. Thus, thermal data constitute important complementary data sets in the multiphysics-based imaging and characterization of earth’s subsurface. The quantitative interpretations that accompany this effort can be carried out by determining thermal conductivities from temperature or heat flow data. Towards this goal, we develop inversion methods based on Tikhonov regularization and numerical solution of the differential equations governing the steady-state heat equation. Numerical simulations using these methods yield insights into the information content in thermal data and indicate it is similar to that in potential-field data. We apply the temperature inversion method to borehole temperature data from the Cooper Basin in Australia, a well-studied geothermal prospect. The methods and insights presented in this study pave the way for imaging the subsurface through recovered thermal conductivities and for joint quantitative interpretations of thermal data with other common geophysical data sets in various geoscientific applications.

scholarly journals Heat flow map and geothermal resources in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Prol-Ledesma ◽  
Juan Luis Carrillo-de la Cruz ◽  
Marco Antonio Torres-Vera ◽  
Alejandra Selene Membrillo-Abad ◽  
Orlando Miguel Espinoza-Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Flow Map

Heat flow maps are a powerful tool for regional exploration of geothermal resources. Mexico is one of the main producers ofgeothermal energy and the search for undiscovered resources at a regional level should be based on heat flow values. Here, we present a heat flow map at 1:4,000,000 scale, produced with heat flow data compiled from open data bases and previously unpub-lished data. The compiled heat flow data includes bottom hole temperature, temperature logs, transient temperature measurements and measured temperature logs. The new data were calculated from temperature gradient information and estimating a mean con-ductivity value characteristic for the type of rock present in the stratigraphic column or assigning the mean conductivity value for the crust. Geothermal gradient and the thermal resistivity (inverse thermal conductivity) were plotted and heat flow was calculatedusing the Bullard method. The map covers the whole continental territory of Mexico and shows that most of the country has valueshigher than the world average. The highest heat flow values are concentrated in two provinces: the Gulf of California extensionalprovince and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.

Deep subpermafrost thermal regime in the Mackenzie Delta basin, northern Canada—Analysis from petroleum bottom‐hole temperature data

Geophysics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Majorowicz ◽  
F. W. Jones ◽  
A. S. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

In our studies of the thermal regime of sediments of the young Mackenzie Delta in the southeastern part of the Beaufort-Mackenzie basin of northern Canada, we used thermal data from the base of the permafrost layer, together with temperature data from petroleum wells. By analyzing bottom-hole temperature (BHT) data, we found that the percentage correction, i.e., the percentage difference between BHT and equilibrium temperature, is less than 10% ((with 67% probability) for times exceeding 10 hours after circulation ended, regardless of circulation time. No correlation exists between the percentage correction and depths for the BHT data. Theoretical temperature-depth profiles were constructed from the individual heat flow Q, Q [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values (δQ is error of estimate of Q), the interval thermal conductivities, and a permafrost base temperature of 0°C. Estimates of Q were based on the maximum BHTs from depths >2.7 km. The measured and corrected BHT values for depths less than 1.5 km lie outside the range defined by the predicted temperature and temperature at the base of permafrost. Therefore, the temperature gradient based on interval‐temperature difference between deep and shallow BHTs or ground‐surface temperature and shallow BHTs may not represent the thermal field accurately within the sedimentary strata. The temperature data from the maximum depths, the permafrost base temperature of 0 °C from the 10 deep wells, and estimated thermal conductivities for the sedimentary column give an average heat flow [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] (error of estimate of the individual Q value, [Formula: see text]), which is comparable to the values found in the region of the Canada basin.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Youngrin Kwag ◽  
Min-ho Kim ◽  
Shinhee Ye ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
Gyeyoon Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Background: Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Methods: We used 2010–2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM2.5 concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM2.5 and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM2.5 concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m3 and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM2.5 exposure and temperature on preterm birth. Result: In a model that includes three trimesters of PM2.5 and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM2.5 and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM2.5 exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures (<3.4 °C) during TR1 (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.061–1.213, p < 0.001). Conclusions: When we assumed the interaction between PM2.5 exposure and temperature exposure, PM2.5 exposure during TR1 increased the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to low temperatures during TR1. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk associated with combined exposure to particulate matter and low temperatures during TR1 to prevent preterm birth.

Heat flow and geothermal resources in northern Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pasquale ◽  
M. Verdoya ◽  
P. Chiozzi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Geothermal Resources

ON MEASUREMENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Laubitz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Linear Heat ◽  
Flow Systems

A method is given for exact mathematical analysis of linear heat flow systems used in measuring thermal conductivity at high temperatures. It is shown that a popular version of such a system is very sensitive to the alignment of its components, which seriously limits the temperature range of its satisfactory use.

Light scattering by phonons in the presence of a heat flow

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (24) ◽  
pp. 2843-2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Photon Scattering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Stokes

If the temperature in an insulating crystal decreases in the z-direction, there are more phonons with momentum qz > 0 than with qz < 0. The resulting difference between the Stokes and anti-Stokes Brillouin intensities is proportional to the mean free path of the phonon involved and to the temperature gradient. The effect should be observable by either neutron or photon scattering.

A heat-flow reconnaissance of southeastern Alaska

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sass ◽  
L. A. Lawver ◽  
R. J. Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Transform Fault ◽  
High Heat Flow ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Strain Heating

Heat flow was measured at nine sites in crystalline and sedimentary rocks of southeastern Alaska. Seven of the sites, located between 115 and 155 km landward of the Queen Charlotte – Fairweather transform fault, have an average heat flow of 59 ± 6 mW m−2. This value is significantly higher than the mean of 42 mW m−2 in the coastal provinces between Cape Mendocino and the Queen Charlotte Islands, to the south, and is lower than the mean of 72 ± 2 mW m−2 for 81 values within 100 km of the San Andreas transform fault, even farther south. This intermediate value suggests the absence of significant heat sinks associated with Cenozoic subduction and of heat sources related to either late Cenozoic tectono-magmatic events or significant shear-strain heating. At Warm Springs Bay, 75 km from the plate boundary, an anomalously high heat flow of 150 mW m−2 can most plausibly be ascribed to the thermal spring activity from which its name is derived. At Quartz Hill, 240 km landward of the plate boundary, a value of 115 mW m−2 might indicate a transition to a province of high heat flow resulting from late Tertiary and Quaternary extension and volcanism.

scholarly journals Estimating the Geothermal Electricity Generation Potential of Sedimentary Basins Using genGEO (The Generalizable GEOthermal Techno-Economic Simulator)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Adams ◽  
Jonathan Ogland-Hand ◽  
Jeffrey M. Bielicki ◽  
Philipp Schädle ◽  
Martin Saar
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
Economic Tools

<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>Sedimentary basins are ubiquitous, naturally porous and permeable, and the geothermal heat in these basins can be extracted with geologic water or CO<sub>2</sub> and used to generate electricity. Despite this, the broad potential that these formations may have for electricity generation is unknown. Here we investigate this potential, which required the creation of the <u>gen</u>eralizable <u>GEO</u>thermal techno-economic simulator (genGEO). genGEO is built with only publicly available data and uses five standalone, but integrated, models that directly simulate all components of geothermal power plants to estimate electricity generation and cost. As a result of this structure, genGEO, or a portion of it, can be applied or extended to study any geothermal power technology. In contrast, the current techno-economic tools for geothermal power plants rely on characterizations of unpublished ASPEN results and are thus not generalizable enough to be applied to sedimentary basin geothermal power plants which use subsurface CO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p>In this study, we present genGEO as open-source software, validate it with industry data, and compare its estimates to other geothermal techno-economic tools. We then apply genGEO to sedimentary basin geothermal resources and find that using CO<sub>2</sub> as a subsurface heat extraction fluid compared to water decreases the cost of geothermal electricity across most geologic conditions that are representative of sedimentary basins. Using genGEO results and p50 geologic data, we produce supply curves for sedimentary basin geothermal power plants in the U.S., which suggests that there is present-day potential to profitably increase the capacity of geothermal power by ~10% using water as the subsurface heat extraction fluid. More capacity is available at lower cost when CO<sub>2</sub> is used as the subsurface fluid, but realizing this capacity requires geologically storing between ~2 and ~7 MtCO<sub>2</sub>/MW<sub>e</sub>. But developing sedimentary basin resources in the short-term using subsurface water may not eliminate options for CO₂-based power plants in the long-term because the least-cost order of sedimentary basins is not the same for both CO<sub>2</sub> and water. With sufficient geologic CO<sub>2</sub> storage, developing sedimentary basins using CO<sub>2</sub>- and water-based power plants may be able to proceed in parallel.</p>

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