Digital geological map and geochronological database of the Cenozoic cover of the southern Mesa Central province, Mexico

The digital geological map of the southern sector of the Mesa Central province is presented, covering an area of ~41 000 km2 in central Mexico. This first interactive map is a compilation of the geological maps available in the literature and the unpublished maps done by our work team. The map focuses on the Cenozoic stratigraphy, supported by a geochronological database of 261 isotopic ages derived from K-Ar, U-Pb, Ar-Ar, and fission tracks methods. The interactive map displays the lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic units and the major and second-order Cenozoic faults. Map construction considered lithostratigraphy and geochronological correlation criteria and the main unconformities. Integrating these data in a single digital map allows a regional vision of the southern Mesa Central, making the map a valuable work tool to better understand the Cenozoic geologic evolution of central Mexico.

Wetland landscape based on Sentinel-2 images and geo-tagged photographs in Centla, Tabasco

This is an analysis of the geographic landscape in the Centla wetlands of Tabasco, Mexico. A map shows the use of remote sensing data combined with easily understood and conveyed visual descriptive data which show the ecological conditions of the landscape. The central map of this article presents a land use and land cover study, obtained from Sentinel-2 MSI data for the Centla wetland zones. The support vector machine algorithm is used to classify Sentinel-2 images. The results show a high general precision of 90.0%, as well as high precision in separating types of wetlands. Information obtained during fieldwork at the ground level is inserted in the map, comprised of photos taken with a mobile application along the Grijalva and the San Pedro y San Pablo rivers. These photos provide visual verification of the map.

Mapa geológico y base de datos geocronológicos de Sonora, México

Este trabajo presenta un mapa geológico del Estado de Sonora, México, que fue compilado a la escala 1:1,000,000, y está acompañado de una base de datos isotópicos. Ambos se elaboraron a partir de la compilación de trabajos publicados y se incluyen observaciones e interpretaciones propias. El trabajo es la actualización de una versión publicada en 2006 que fue elaborada sobre mapas topográficos base y se digitalizó generando nuevos datos vectoriales, adicionándole el mapa de relieve. El mapa se forma por 33 unidades cartográficas reconocidas por sus litologías y edades, y muestra 1,129 edades U-Pb, K-Ar y 40Ar/39Ar de rocas ígneas y de mineralización en Re-Os.

Generalized digital lithological map of northern Mexico and southwestern United States of Americaeralized lithological map of northern Mexico and south-southwestern United States of America

The compilation and generalization of the lithological units that crop out in northern Mexico and southwestern United States of America are important to understand the geology and evolution of this part of the North American continent. For this reason, we publish the first interactive digital lithological map with eleven surficial lithological units present in northern Mexico and southwestern United States of America, in which equivalent formations, sequences and igneous units of both countries were merged and generalized. This map shows the distribution of the main types of rocks that evolved in similar geological processes through time, therefore, researchers can use this new compiled map in the analysis and location of samples and geological evolution, or even during studies related to exploration of natural resources. The area covered by the map is comprised between Longitude of 123°10’W and 94°42’W and Latitude of 23°03’N and 36°57’N (Datum WGS-84).

Geografía del acceso desigual a los servicios de energía en los hogares de México

Partiendo de la Meta 7.1 del objetivo siete de la Agenda 2030, la cual consiste en garantizar el acceso universal a los servicios de energía, se plantea como hipótesis que el acceso universal a la electricidad, como lo establece el indicador 7.1.1, es una condición necesaria pero insuficiente para reflejar el acceso real a los servicios de energía. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la distribución espacial de los niveles de acceso a diferentes servicios de energía en los hogares de México. Utilizando datos a nivel municipal con la Encuesta Intercensal 2015, se identificaron seis categorías y diez dominios asociados a los servicios de energía. Se analizaron en cada una los niveles de acceso aplicando técnicas estadísticas. Los resultados muestran una clara desigualdad espacial-territorial en el acceso, así como una notoria diferencia entre el nivel de acceso a la electricidad y a los servicios de energía. Se propone que el conocimiento generado en este trabajo pueda convertirse en un insumo para un estudio más sistemático de la relación entre servicios de energía y otras dimensiones socio-económicas y ambientales del consumo de energía, sobre todo para concebir el desarrollo humano sostenible más allá del acceso universal a la electricidad.

Mapping Mexican COVID-19 vulnerability at municipal scale

This paper presents an interactive map related to the population vulnerability concerning COVID-19 at the municipal level for Mexico. A vulnerability index was modeled using seven socioeconomic/sociodemographic variables and one health-care related variable, all with relevance to a health contingency such as COVID-19. The resulting indicator expresses the municipal vulnerability to face a sanitary crisis such as COVID-19 in five categories. Data for each of the eight variables were first categorized in quintiles. A pairwise comparison matrix was used to weight these variables in relation to their estimated relevance for the municipal vulnerability. With respect to COVID-19 vulnerability, Mexican municipalities show the following results: 1.6% (very low), 18.7% (low), 46.6% (medium), 24.6% (high), 8.5% (very high). The map forms part of a dashboard providing daily information on the development of the pandemic in Mexico, and is complemented by a digital atlas visualizing information for each variable of the indicator.

Spatio-temporal viewer on the incidence of cases of Covid-19 in the Mexico-United States cross-border strip

This paper presents an interactive geo-visualizer on the incidence of Covid-19 cases, as well as the associated mortality, in the US-Mexico cross-border strip. This tool allows to compare the evolution of the pandemic process in border municipalities and counties, using interactive graphs that show accumulated case and death curves. The map includes the information of confirmed cases of Covid-19 until August 31, 2020 in the 25 US counties and 38 Mexican municipalities adjacent to the border line, which extend from San Diego/Tijuana to Cameron/Matamoros. It also includes information on the number of border crossings per person from January to July 2020, the purpose of which is to compare the incidence of cases with the behavior of cross-border mobility.

An index of municipality-level vulnerability to COVID-19 in Mexico

In face to the novel COVID-19 and the high mortality ratio associated with different comorbidities in Mexico (and elsewhere), we identified the need to characterize the risk of regional population to COVID-19, exclusively as a result of their health status. With data from the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT), we have calculated a vulnerability index that includes hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic renal insufficiency, smoking, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as age cohort and sex at the municipal level. With the vulnerability index we calculated the population at risk and, in combination with hospitalization beds, the population that can be effectively treated at each municipality. Although, COVID-19 has already hit Mexico, the index serves as a planning policy tool to implement preventive actions on those vulnerable regions. We show that, given unhealthy habits, the population at risk in Mexico is close to 78.2 million. Particularly, we observed that poor areas have less comorbidities than rich areas. However, they also have poorer access to health infrastructure which diminishes municipalities’ resilience to COVID-19. Furthermore, highly populated municipalities appear to have a higher vulnerability index

Covid-19 Mapping with Microsoft Power BI

The purpose of the map and dashboard is twofold. First, Microsoft’s Power BI software presents a reasonably easy means by which many can make reasonably robust data visualizations with minimal expertise in mapping and programming languages. Unlike some competing data visualization and online mapping software packages that require specialized software or skills, ordinary citizens and students, new to data collection and management can create an appealing dashboard-style presentation within a few minutes with minimal guidance. Familiarity with the function and logic of spreadsheet software seems to be the only prerequisite. Many businesses, colleges, and universities already provide access to the Microsoft Office suite of software, further extending the appeal of using Power BI. The COVID-19 dashboard featuring case data by date, city, county, and / or neighborhood in Southern California was created in less than one-half hour using a connection to publicly available data shared by the Los Angeles Times via GitHub. The map allows visitors to select individual communities from a map, which prompts dynamically linked graphs and tables to display data for only that community. The second purpose of this dashboard is to allow users to rapidly analyze local data trends, perhaps following school openings / closings, changes in the status of businesses, or social protests movements. Epidemiologists have expressed concern over the effects of the protest marches and untimely changes in rules regarding businesses and schools on COVID-19 rates. Compounding the need for such a map are concerns about differential COVID-19 infection rates in communities of color, whose citizens were already at an elevated risk of death from COVID-19. This map and dashboard demonstrates that these concerns were not unfounded.

Parámetros morfológicos de la cuenca del río Magdalena a partir de datos LiDAR y modelos digitales de elevación

Independientemente de criterios socioeconómicos, la determinación del valor ambiental deun espacio, los servicios ecosistémicos del ambiente y la belleza escénica del relieverequieren la caracterización y cuantificación previa de los atributos de la superficie terrestre.El uso de Modelos Digitales de Superficie y Terrestre generados a partir de datos vectoriales,como los provenientes de la técnica de percepción remota LiDAR, permite la extracción deatributos primarios y secundarios con los que se construyen índices o funciones básicas. Eneste artículo se presentan los atributos morfológicos de superficie tridimensional, visibilidad,iluminación y densidad de vegetación de la cuenca del río Magdalena obtenidos a partir delos modelos digitales de Terreno (MDT), Superficie (MDS) y del Dosel (MDD) de un vueloLiDAR. Por último, los atributos se integran en un análisis multidimensional para determinarel valor ambiental de la cuenca del río Magdalena.