Conclusion

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud S. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
World War ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Way

This concluding chapter summarizes key arguments woven throughout the text. These are that in order to understand fully the way Muslim–Jewish political conversations have evolved in France, we must begin in North Africa in the decade and a half after World War II as France first tried to hold on to and then extricate itself from the region; disagreements over Middle Eastern war and the Israeli–Palestinian struggle cannot in and of themselves explain the evolution of Muslim–Jewish political conversations in France over the last fifty years; and that binary constructions of Muslim–Jewish interaction have worked to erase the more complex social terrain in which Muslims and Jews have interacted in late twentieth-century France.

Introduction

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Introduction provides an orientation to the book and its key questions: What did it mean to become “modern” in the early twentieth century? How did American ethnicities take shape in the years leading up to and after World War II? How did middle-class women experience and shape their changing roles in society, before the social revolutions of the late twentieth century? How are these things related? The Introduction also covers an overview of mahjong’s trajectory in the United States. It examines background related to the history of leisure, gender, and consumerism in addition to introducing key sources and methodologies. The introduction sets up the book to tell the story of mahjong’s role in the creation of identifiably ethnic communities, women’s access to respectable leisure, and how Americans used ideas of China to understand themselves.

scholarly journals The Problem of Bigness: From Standard Oil to Google

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Lamoreaux
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
The Political ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article sets recent expressions of alarm about the monopoly power of technology giants such as Google and Amazon in the long history of Americans’ response to big business. I argue that we cannot understand that history unless we realize that Americans have always been concerned about the political and economic dangers of bigness, not just the threat of high prices. The problem policymakers faced after the rise of Standard Oil was how to protect society against those dangers without punishing firms that grew large because they were innovative. The antitrust regime put in place in the early twentieth century managed this balancing act by focusing on large firms’ conduct toward competitors and banning practices that were anticompetitive or exclusionary. Maintaining this balance was difficult, however, and it gave way over time—first to a preoccupation with market power during the post–World War II period, and then to a fixation on consumer welfare in the late twentieth century. Refocusing policy on large firms’ conduct would do much to address current fears about bigness without penalizing firms whose market power comes from innovation.

The Economic Origins of Democracy Reconsidered

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. FREEMAN ◽  
DENNIS P. QUINN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
World War ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The effects of inequality and financial globalization on democratization are central issues in political science. The relationships among economic inequality, capital mobility, and democracy differ in the late twentieth century for financially integrated autocracies vs. closed autocracies. Financial integration enables native elites to create diversified international asset portfolios. Asset diversification decreases both elite stakes in and collective action capacity for opposing democracy. Financial integration also changes the character of capital assets—including land—by altering the uses of capital assets and the nationality of owners. It follows that financially integrated autocracies, especially those with high levels of inequality, are more likely to democratize than unequal financially closed autocracies. We test our argument for a panel of countries in the post–World War II period. We find a quadratic hump relationship between inequality and democracy for financially closed autocracies, but an upward sloping relationship between inequality and democratization for financially integrated autocracies.

The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Despite the central importance of festival and devotional piety to premodernMuslims, book-length studies in this field have been relatively rare.Katz’s work, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, represents a tour-deforceof critical scholarship that advances the field significantly both throughits engagement with textual sources from the formative period to the presentand through its judicious use of theoretical tools to analyze this material. Asits title suggests, the work strives to explore how Muslims have alternativelypromoted and contested the commemoration of the Prophet’s birth atdifferent points in history, with a particular emphasis on how the devotionalistapproach, which was prominent in the pre-modern era, fell out of favoramong Middle Eastern Sunnis in the late twentieth century. Aimed primarilyat specialists in Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, especially scholarsof history, law, and religion, this work is recommended to anyone interestedin the history of Muslim ritual, the history of devotion to the Prophet, andthe interplay between normative and non-normative forms ofMuslim beliefand practice ...

The Social Identity of Hosts and Patrons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Post War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter analyses inns, taverns, and public houses in their social context, exploring their organizational identity and the social positions of their owners/tenants. It examines how patrons express their class, gender, and national identity by participation in different kinds of sociality. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hostelries afforded more opportunities for cross-class sociability than in later centuries. Social mixing was facilitated because the venues fulfilled multiple economic, social, and political functions, thereby providing room for social interaction apart from communal drinking and eating. Yet, even in these earlier centuries, each type of hostelry already had a distinctive class character, shaping its organizational identity. Division along lines of class hardened, and social segregation increased in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to World War II. In the post-War era, increased democratization of society at large became reflected in easier social mixing in pubs. Despite this democratization, during the late twentieth century the dominant image of pubs as a working-class institution persisted.

Agency and Change: Berlioz in Britain, 1870–1920

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Langley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Orchestral Works ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
First World ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Far from being always unjustly neglected until the late twentieth century, as a recent view would have it, Berlioz's music enjoyed dedicated attention and considerable admiration a century earlier. His orchestral works, in particular, were taken up by a range of skilful players and conductors in Britain from the 1870s, yielding performances in the English regions, the London suburbs and in Scotland that impressed ordinary listeners much more than many experienced ones. I argue that structural change and professional competition within the British concert industry to 1920 assisted this remarkable reception – largely ignored in the historiography of Berlioz's reputation as well as in that of British musical culture – while imaginative musicians, astute promoters, writers and thousands of listeners continued to benefit from contact with his work. Berlioz's challenging music indeed became an agent of aesthetic change in Britain – a benchmark, and a calling-card, of modern orchestral presentation that was both standard and commonly accessible before the First World War.

scholarly journals Why Islam (Properly Understood) Is the Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Nader Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This paper is a provocative play on the famous Muslim Brotherhood slogan al-Islām hūwa al-ḥāl (Islam is the solution). While critics of the Muslim Brothers rightly criticized them for the simplicity of their worldview in thinking that religion was a panacea for all of the problems confronting Muslim societies during the late twentieth century, an argument can be made that religion does profoundly matter in the context of the struggle for democracy in the Arab-Islamic world. In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, democratic transitions in North Africa and the Middle East will be dependent on democratically negotiating the question of religion’s role in politics. Here I provide some reflections on this topic with a focus on Tunisia’s transition to democracy.  

scholarly journals Placement of Actor Network Theory in School Library Environment Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Parker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
School Library ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Environment Research ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Way

Actor Network Theory (ANT) takes on the position that non-human objects which alter the behavior of people with which they share an environment are actors exerting force into the environment. While ANT has been used in education since the late twentieth century, it has not yet seen utilization in school library environments research. As a result, there remains a significant gap in the way school library environments are studied. This literature review seeks to make a case for the importance of including ANT in school library environments research. By taking a closer look at the design and inclusion of specific objects within the school library environment, we can better equip school library spaces for the needs and wants of the students to which the library belongs.

The Americas, 1450–2000

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Davies, II
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World War ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Global Cold War ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This article discusses the history of the Americas from 1450 to 2000. It describes the Americas before European contact; disease and death brought by the European arrival in 1492 due to new bacteria and viruses they carried; conquest, colonization, and settlement by the Europeans; the building of transatlantic economies; revolutions in the Americas from 1760 to 1830; revolutions and new republics that were formed; the rise of industrial economies in the Americas; migration and labor demands; the Great Depression and World War II; the global cold war from 1941 to 2000teh global economy; and globalization in the late twentieth century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document