Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Taves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spiritual Path ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book analyzes the role of revelatory claims in three groups that emerged in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Mormonism, Alcoholics Anonymous, and the network of students associated with A Course in Miracles. These three case studies are not only richly documented but also present intriguing comparative possibilities. Each had a key figure whose unusual experiences and/or abilities led to the emergence of a new spiritual path and to the production of scripture-like texts that were not attributed directly to them. However, the three groups do not make the same claims for their scripture-like texts, and their respective collaborations generated very different social formations.

scholarly journals International Cooperation and Negotiated Settlements for Transnational Bribery: A Study of the Odebrecht Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel de Mattos Pimenta ◽  
Otavio Venturini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Negotiated Settlements ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Joint Resolution

Abstract Transnational regulation of bribery involves several increasingly complex forms of cooperation among enforcement authorities. International investigative cooperation allows a foreign authority to assist another on criminal and/or civil investigations, through requests of mutual legal assistance, rogatory letters, as well as joint investigative teams. Sanction-based cooperation helps different authorities to transfer or extradite persons and recover proceeds of corruption to the victims. More recently, there has been a rise in cooperation in negotiated settlements with the accused. Settlement cooperation may entail joint resolutions or the coordination of settlement clauses. This paper focuses on how these three modes of cooperation intersect in cases with successive negotiated settlements. We use the Odebrecht case settlements to unpack the relation between investigative, sanction-based, and settlement cooperation in three case studies: the joint resolutions between the company and Brazil, Switzerland, and the United States, as well as two local agreements with the Dominican Republic and with Peru. We evidence how these modes of cooperation can reinforce or undermine one another. Beyond illustrating different cooperation dynamics, we also explore the role of sequencing. The existence of a previous joint resolution affects the developments of the subsequent agreements, but in different ways from those previously mapped by the literature.

Why the Fight against Hunger Mattered

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rachel B. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
British Colonies

This introductory chapter discusses the important role of hunger during the American Revolution. Enduring, ignoring, creating, and preventing hunger were all ways to exercise power during the American Revolution. Hunger prompted violence and forged ties; it was a weapon of war and a tool of diplomacy. In North America, Cherokee, Creek, Delaware, Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), Miami, and Shawnee Indians grew and destroyed foodstuffs during the Revolutionary War, which forced their British and American allies to hunger with them, and to furnish provisions that accommodated Native tastes. By the 1810s, the United States had learned how to prevent Indian hunger, to weaponize food aid, and to deny Indians the power gained by enduring and ignoring scarcity. Meanwhile, people of African descent gained some power by creating white hunger during the Revolutionary War, but more so as formerly enslaved communities, primarily after leaving the new United States and migrating to British colonies in Nova Scotia and then Sierra Leone. After white officials in Sierra Leone realized that colonists' hunger-prevention efforts gave them too much freedom, black colonists lost their hunger-preventing rights. Ultimately, three key behaviors changed and were, in turn, changed by evolving ideas about hunger: food diplomacy, victual warfare, and victual imperialism.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mary Gilmartin ◽  
Patricia Burke Wood ◽  
Cian O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
State Boundaries

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book addresses three key issues that are central to the current politicisation of migration and citizenship, but that take particular forms in the United Kingdom and the United States. These three issues, each of which is discussed in a separate chapter, are borders and walls, mobility, and belonging. Borders and walls are the material articulation of state boundaries and state sovereignty. The role of borders is increasingly seen as the regulation of the movement of people: facilitating easy movement across borders for some, but making that movement more difficult for most. In contrast, the mobility of capital, through the actions of transnational corporations in particular, receives little attention.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sarah H Cleveland ◽  
Paul B. Stephan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter serves as a foreword for the volume. It sketches the history of past restatements and the evolution of the latest one. The first (confusingly called Second) Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States brought widespread attention to the term “foreign relations law.” It staunchly defended the proposition that foreign relations, no matter how imbued with discretion and prerogative, still must rest on law. The Third Restatement, prepared during a period of what to many seemed constitutional retrenchment and a loosening of judicial supervision over public life, offered a robust defense of the proposition that, “In conducting the foreign relations of the United States, Presidents, members of Congress, and public officials are not at large in a political process; they are under law.” Moreover, it insisted that the judiciary, as much as the executive and Congress, creates and enforces this law. To the extent that the Third Restatement rested its claims on its view of the state of customary international law, other influential actors pushed back. The Fourth Restatement revisits the Third’s claims, especially about the central role of the judiciary, in light of the evolution of both U.S. and international law and practice.

Introduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udi Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Democratic Norms

This introductory chapter discusses Germany's transition from a racist dictatorship into a liberal democracy. Having fought for the Nazi regime with ferocity throughout the war, Germans performed a volte-face and, within just a few years, embraced democracy. With astonishing speed, this previously polarized and violent society developed democratic institutions, electoral organs, the rule of law, vibrant democratic norms, and an active participatory public. Two explanations have been given for Germany's rapid change. One credits the decisive role of the United States and its heavy investment in the postwar reconstruction of Germany's political institutions, economy, and educational system. In contrast, a second interpretation of Germany's transformation sees it primarily as the work of Germans. Many historians argue that Germans embraced democracy primarily because of postwar domestic conditions and experiences.

GEOGRAPHICAL MODELING FOR ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY: TWO CASE STUDIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1150008 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN WILSON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Urban System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographical Modeling ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the role of mathematical models in archaeology and history. Variants of a particular model — an entropy-maximizing spatial interaction model which also functions as a location model — are presented through two case studies. The first is an example from Archaeology which throws light on settlement sizes in the 9th and 8th century BC Greece; the second is from History and explores the evolution of the United States' urban system from 1790–1870 with particular reference to the impact of railways. The approach is essentially interdisciplinary and uses concepts from Geography, Economics, Physics and Ecology.

scholarly journals The Native American voice in United States water rights

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Marsh ◽  
Michael D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us

There is a sacred relationship between Native Americans and the environment. The importance of those sacred beliefs in water rights in the United States (US) is examined through a series of case studies. A thorough review of available literature displays a trend toward less dependence on the US for representation and a greater recognition of Native American traditions. The increased role of Native Americans in water rights quantification and resource development provides greater appreciation and understanding of their traditions and beliefs.

The battle for influence: Commemoration of transnational martyrs in the Italian diaspora of the U.S. under fascism

2021 ◽  
pp. 175069802098877
Author(s):  
Amy King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Italian Diaspora ◽  
The U.S

This article analyses the role commemoration of Fascist and anti-fascist martyrs played in the battle for political influence in the Italian diaspora of the United States during Mussolini’s early rule. It is structured around two case studies: the socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti, killed in Rome in 1924, and Giuseppe Carisi and Michele Ambrosoli, two Blackshirts killed in the Bronx on their way to the Memorial Day parade of 1927 in New York. Through an examination of sites of memory and commemoration ceremonies held in both Italy and the U.S., it adds a transnational element to the study of the role of secular martyrdom in the construction of collective identity, concluding that the transnational exchange evident in commemoration of both case studies added to the propagandistic power of the martyrological narrative by drawing meaning from geographical distance from Italy.

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