The Duties of Private Donors

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-256
Author(s):  
Chiara Cordelli
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Private Actor ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Private Philanthropy ◽  
Reparative Justice

This chapter focuses on the philanthropist as one kind of private actor. It argues that the philanthropist's duty to give should be understood neither as an imperfect duty of beneficence nor as a conclusive duty of justice, but rather as a transitional and provisional duty of reparative justice in contemporary societies. It also explains a duty that is “transitional,” as it should eventually be taken over by public institutions, or “provisional,” for in the absence of just institutions its fulfilment is simultaneously demanded by individual independence. The chapter explains why the duty is “reparative” as it is grounded on the wealthy's liability for wrongful harm to the poor. It discusses the funding of justice through private philanthropy and the provision of justice through private organizations.

scholarly journals Arbitration Proceedings Involving State Entities/Public Institutions in Nigeria: How to Prevail Public Interest Using the Dispute Between Statoil and Texaco Against the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation as a Case Study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-515
Author(s):  
Ofekeze Okiemute Darlynton
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
The Government

This work is intended to highlight the inadequacy of the present Nigerian Arbitration laws in arbitrations involving the Government and private organizations particularly in relation to the issue of public interest. The works also proffers solutions on how public interest can be protected in arbitrations involving the Government and private organizations.

E-Government and the Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 1718-1725
Author(s):  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Scott Baum
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Access Services

Many governments world wide are attempting to increase accountability, transparency, and the quality of services by adopting information and communications technologies (ICTs) to modernize and change the way their administrations work. Meanwhile e-government is becoming a significant decision-making and service tool at local, regional and national government levels. The vast majority of users of these government online services see significant benefits from being able to access services online. The rapid pace of technological development has created increasingly more powerful ICTs that are capable of radically transforming public institutions and private organizations alike. These technologies have proven to be extraordinarily useful instruments in enabling governments to enhance the quality, speed of delivery and reliability of services to citizens and to business (VanderMeer & VanWinden, 2003). However, just because the technology is available does not mean it is accessible to all. The term digital divide has been used since the 1990s to describe patterns of unequal access to ICTs—primarily computers and the Internet—based on income, ethnicity, geography, age, and other factors. Over time it has evolved to more broadly define disparities in technology usage, resulting from a lack of access, skills, or interest in using technology. This article provides an overview of recent literature on e-government and the digital divide, and includes a discussion on the potential of e-government in addressing the digital divide.

American Public Education and the Responsibility of its Citizens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Stitzlein
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Crisis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Citizen Support

Not only is the future of our public schools in jeopardy, so is our democracy. Public schools are central to a flourishing democracy, where children learn how to deliberate and solve problems together, build shared identities, and come to value justice and liberty. As citizen support for public schools wanes, our democratic way of life is at risk. While we often hear about the poor performance of students and teachers, the current educational crisis is at heart not about accountability, but rather about citizen responsibility. Yet citizens increasingly do not feel that public schools are our schools, that we have influence over them or responsibility for their outcomes. Citizens have become watchdogs of public institutions largely from the perspective of consumers, without seeing ourselves as citizens who compose the public of public institutions. Accountability becomes more about finding fault with and placing blame on our schools and teachers, rather than about taking responsibility as citizens for shaping our expectations of schools, determining the criteria we use to measure their success, or supporting schools in achieving those goals. This book sheds light on recent shifts in education and citizenship, helping the public to understand not only how schools now work, but also how citizens can take an active role in shaping them. It provides citizens with tools, habits, practices, and knowledge necessary to support schools. It offers a vision of how we can cultivate citizens who will continue to support public schools and thereby keep democracy strong.

scholarly journals Public–Private Collaboration Led by Private Organizations in Combating Crises: Evidence From China’s Fighting Against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 009539972110098
Author(s):  
Huanming Wang ◽  
Huiting Qi ◽  
Bing Ran
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Private Actor ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Critical Characteristics ◽  
The Cross

Public–private collaborations have the potential to effectively respond to extreme events. However, traditional public–private collaborations that are usually led by governmental actors often encounter significant difficulties in a crisis. Based on a case study of a public–private collaboration dealing with COVID-19 in China, we explore how a private actor emerges as a leader to initiate and manage a public–private collaboration in the crisis, and how stakeholders in this collaboration work together to effectively handle the crisis. The findings indicate critical characteristics and contingencies when a private actor leads the cross-sector collaboration to effectively cope with uncertainties and deliver public services in crisis time.

E-Government and the Digital Divide

2008 ◽  
pp. 2204-2213
Author(s):  
Tan Yigitcanlar ◽  
Scott Baum
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Access Services

Many governments world wide are attempting to increase accountability, transparency, and the quality of services by adopting information and communications technologies (ICTs) to modernize and change the way their administrations work. Meanwhile e-government is becoming a significant decision-making and service tool at local, regional and national government levels. The vast majority of users of these government online services see significant benefits from being able to access services online. The rapid pace of technological development has created increasingly more powerful ICTs that are capable of radically transforming public institutions and private organizations alike. These technologies have proven to be extraordinarily useful instruments in enabling governments to enhance the quality, speed of delivery and reliability of services to citizens and to business (VanderMeer & VanWinden, 2003). However, just because the technology is available does not mean it is accessible to all. The term digital divide has been used since the 1990s to describe patterns of unequal access to ICTs—primarily computers and the Internet—based on income, ethnicity, geography, age, and other factors. Over time it has evolved to more broadly define disparities in technology usage, resulting from a lack of access, skills, or interest in using technology. This article provides an overview of recent literature on e-government and the digital divide, and includes a discussion on the potential of e-government in addressing the digital divide.

The new macroeconometrics: A Bayesian approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Challenor ◽  
Doug McNeall ◽  
James Gattiker
Keyword(s):  
Central Banks ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Dsge Models ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Final Good ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic

This article examines the dynamics of the US economy over the last five decades using Bayesian analysis of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models. It highlights an example application in what is commonly referred to as the new macroeconometrics, which combines macroeconomics with econometrics. The article describes a benchmark New Keynesian DSGE model that incorporates four types of agents: households that consume, save, and supply labour to a labour ‘packer’; a labour ‘packer’ that puts together the labour supplied by different households into an homogeneous labour unit; intermediate good producers, who produce goods using capital and aggregated labour; and a final good producer that mixes all the intermediate goods. It also considers the application of the model in policy analysis for public institutions such as central banks, along with private organizations and businesses. Finally, it discusses three avenues for further research in the estimation of DSGE models.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Homelessness during the Greek Economic Crisis 2009-2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p23
Author(s):  
Symeon N. Mavridis ◽  
Savvoula I. Mouratidou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis ◽  
Official Data

This research focuses on the phenomenon of homelessness in Greece, especially during the deep economic crisis that has lasted from 2009 until this day. Unfortunately, in large part, homelessness also affects welfare policy, as well as social cohesion and healthcare. The significance of the study lies in the fact that there are no official data from governmental institutions concerning the number of homeless people across the country. For this reason, this study attempts to collect all available data in order to present the evolution of the phenomenon of homelessness from 2009 to present. Homelessness is examined in relation to poverty and other factors of deprivation. In addition, countermeasures addressing homelessness, adopted by both public and private organizations, are also examined. Public institutions usually provide small pensions, only for seniors over sixty-seven years old, meal cards, free soup kitchens and several shelters. At the same time, a large number of private organizations, such as NGOs, provide free accommodation, meals, and showers. Unfortunately, the rising number of homeless people during the ongoing socioeconomic crisis and the lack of communication among institutions deteriorate the problem. On these grounds, this research analyzes the phenomenon of homelessness in Greece in order to provide the appropriate solutions for its containment.

On Private Asylums for the Insane

1863 ◽  
Vol 9 (47) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Principal Reason ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social

These establishments have scarcely received their due share of attention and discussion in the pages of the ‘Journal of Mental Science.’ To account for this, the principal reason is, no doubt, that medical practitioners feel themselves less at liberty to write about private houses and private cases than about those large public institutions which have become necessary in almost every county. This is not to be wondered at, for charitable and pauper institutions, where the poor themselves pay nothing except through the regular assessments, have always been considered peculiarly the places where more extended observations could be made than amongst private patients. However, as there is much that is different in the management, and in the social, though not in the moral and medical treatment of the two classes of patients, the observations which I shall make will probably not be considered out of place.

Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry on the state of Lunatic Asylums and other Institutions for the Custody and Treatment of the Insane in Ireland, with Minutes of Evidence, and Appendices. (State Paper, pp. 718.)

1859 ◽  
Vol 5 (28) ◽  
pp. 222-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. B.
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Lunatic Asylums ◽  
At Home

The report of the Royal Commission into the state of the Irish Lunatic Asylums has at length been presented and printed, two years from the date of the commission, and after the period fixed for the report has been extended (as we have been informed) three times by letters patent. We hear that this delay has been occasioned, partly by the inability of the English Commissioners in Lunacy (who were most unadvisedly placed on this commission,) to devote their time to these foreign duties, to the neglect of their own urgent duties at home; and partly to the absence of unanimity in the views of the Commissioners, and especially to the opinion entertained by Dr. Corrigan, in opposition to that of all his colleagues, that Visiting Physicians are a necessary appendage to Lunatic Asylums. The Commissioners assembled in Dublin, October 16th, 1856. From the public institutions and the Constabulary they obtained returns of the number of the poor insane, giving the total number maintained at the public charge in asylums, workhouses, and prisons, 5,934; the number of insane poor at large and unprovided for, 3,352; total, 9,286. The census returns of 1851, give the number of the insane in Ireland, 9,980; while the Inspectors of Lunatics, in their last report, fix the number at 11,452.

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