scholarly journals PENGARUH SERANGAN HAMA KUTU PUTIH (Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero) TERHADAP PRODUKSI UBIKAYU (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Dicky Ashari Ramadhan ◽  
F X Susilo ◽  
Nur Yasin ◽  
I Gede Swibawa
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Tanaman ubikayu merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan penting di Indonesia. Tanaman ubikayu mengalami serangan hama kutu putih (Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero). Serangan hama kutu putih dapat menurunkan produksi ubikayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui tingkat serangan hama kutu putih dan 2) mengetahui pengaruh serangan hama kutu putih terhadap produksi tanaman ubikayu di kawasan Lampung Selatan dan Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga pertanaman ubikayu di Lampung Selatan dan Lampung Tengah. Kegiatan penelitian di petak pertama berlangsung dari bulan April 2018 sampai September 2018, penelitian di petak kedua berlangsung pada bulan Agustus 2018, sedangkan penelitian di petak ketiga berlangsung dari bulan Januari 2019 sampai Maret 2019. Serangan hama kutu putih kutu putih dinyatakan dengan banyaknya tanaman ubikayu yang menunjukkan gejala bunchy-top sedangkan produksi tanaman ubikayu dinyatakan dengan bobot umbi dan jumlah umbi ubikayu.Tanaman yang mengalami bunchy-top pada setiap baris atau gulud sampel diturus. Bobot umbi dan jumlah umbi pada tanaman ubikayu, yang terkena serangan hama kutu putih versus yang sehat dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan pada taraf nyata 1% atau 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat serangan hama kutu putih menurunkan produksi ubikayu di kawasan Lampung Tengah dan Lampung Selatan. Tingkat serangan hama kutu putih bervariasi dari 4,7 % sampai dengan 8,7 %. Nilai tengah bobot umbi akibat serangan hama kutu putih berkurang sebanyak 728,3 g/batang. Nilai tengah ukuran umbi tanaman ubikayu yang terserang kutu putih berkurang sebanyak, 50,5 g/umbi. Nilai tengah jumlah umbi pada tanaman ubikayu yang terserang kutu putih berkurang sebanyak 2 umbi/batang.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KERUSAKAN TANAMAN DAN POPULASI TUNGAU SERTA KUTU PUTIH PADA 23 KLON UBI KAYU ( Manihot Esculenta Crantz )

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
R.W. Sari ◽  
I Gede Swibawa ◽  
L. Wibowo ◽  
Setyo Dwi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Hama utama tanaman ubi kayu adalah tungau merah (Tetranychus spp.) dan kutu putih famili Pseudococcidae. Spesies kutu putih yang menyerang tanaman ubi kayu yaitu Phenacoccus manihoti dan Paracoccus marginatus.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerusakan tanaman dan populasi tungau serta kutu putih pada 23 klon ubi kayu. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode survei ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung Kecamatan Natar, Lampung Selatan pada April - Desember 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1). Tingkat kerusakan tanaman karena serangan tungau dan kutu putih pada tanaman ubi kayu bervariasi antar klon dan antar waktu pengamatan. (2). Populasi tungau dan kerusakan tanaman yang rendah terdapat pada klon UJ-3 Emas dan SL-103. (3). Populasi kutu putih rendah terdapat pada klon SL-201, SL- 72, dan 39. Tingkat kerusakan tanaman karena serangan kutu putih rendah terdapat pada klon UJ-5, UJ-5 TBB, Litbang UK-2, dan Mulyo 3. (4). Klon ubi kayu yang tahan terhadap serangan hama tungau yaitu UJ-3 Emas, SL-103, UJ-3 dan UJ-5, sedangkan klon yang tahan terhadap serangan kutu putih yaitu SL-201, SL-72 dan 39.

scholarly journals The early transcriptome response of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) feeding

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0202541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molemi E. Rauwane ◽  
Damaris A. Odeny ◽  
Ian Millar ◽  
Chrissie Rey ◽  
Jasper Rees
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Transcriptome Response

scholarly journals Inventaire rapide des principaux entomophages de la cochenille du manioc Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) en République du Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2517-2527
Author(s):  
Valentin Dibangou ◽  
Mireille Belle Mbou ◽  
Nazaire Loubaki Ntolo ◽  
Grâce Nianga-Bikouta
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phenacoccus Manihoti ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Cassava Mealybug ◽  
Cochenille Du Manioc ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Dès l’année 1970, une baisse de production en tubercules de manioc de l’espèce Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiacée) a été constatée en Afrique. L’un des principaux ravageurs de cette plante est la cochenille farineuse du manioc. Au Congo, la lutte contre celui-ci s’est organisée dès 1982 par l’introduction d’un parasitoïde hyménoptère, Epidinocarcis lopezi. Mais cet insecte auxiliaire s’est très vite retrouvé à son tour la proie d’hyperparasites qui freinent ainsi son expansion et limitent son efficacité. La présente étude fait un inventaire des entomophages de la cochenille du manioc Phenacoccus manihoti. Elle s’est déroulée dans trois sites retenus dans la ville de Brazzaville : Kombé, jardin d’essai et Lycée Savorgnan de Brazza (LSB). La récolte des momies a été effectuée sur des feuilles infestées, les arthropodes ayant émergé ont été collectés et identifiés, les taux d’émergence et d’hyperparasitisme ont été déterminés. Les résultats obtenus montrent un taux d’hyperparasitisme élevé (60 et 66,66%) et une faible abondance d’E. lopezi comparé aux hyperparasites (22 hyperparasites pour 13 parasitoïdes). Un autre parasitoïde Acerophagus coccois Smith non encore décrit jusqu’ici au Congo a été découvert. Il pourrait avoir été introduit accidentellement avec les boutures importées et expérimentées dans le but d’améliorer les performances du manioc.Mots clés : Lutte biologique, Auxiliaire, Entomocénose, Momie, Brazzaville, Congo. English Title: Rapid inventory of the main entomophagous species of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Republic of Congo As early as 1970, a decrease in the production of cassava tubers of the species Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) was observed in Africa. One of the main pests of this plant is the cassava mealybug. In the Congo, the fight against it was organized in 1982 with the introduction of a hymenoptera parasitoid, Epidinocarcis lopezi. But this auxiliary insect very quickly found itself the prey of hyperparasites, which thus slowed down its expansion and limited effectiveness. The present study makes an inventory of the entomophages of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti. It took place in three selected sites in the city of Brazzaville: Kombé, test garden and Lycée Savorgnan de Brazza (LSB). The mummies were harvested from infested leaves, emerging arthropods were collected and identified, rates of emergence and hyperparasitism were determined. The results obtained reached a high rate of hyperparasitism (60 and 66.66%) and a low abundance of E. lopezi compared to hyperparasites (22 hyperparasites for 13 parasitoids). Another parasitoid Acerophagus coccois Smith not yet described in Congo has been discovered. It could have been created accidentally with the imported cuttings and tested in corn to improve cassava performance.Keywords: Biological pest control, Auxiliary, Entomocenosis, mummy, Brazzaville, Congo.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

CONJUNTURA DO MERCADO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) NO BRASIL E NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Seleksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Lokal Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Asal Indonesia berdasarkan Karakter Umbi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

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