scholarly journals Effect of superphosphate on the mobilization of nitrogen in a peat soil

1958 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Previous Summer

The influence of superphosphate on the mobilization of nitrogen in a fen soil from Leteensuo Experiment Station in southern Finland was studied. Samples were used from a field trial in which superphosphate had been annually applied for 35 years in amounts of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha, resp. Analyses were performed on samples of four layers: 0 to 10 cm, 10 to 20 cm, 40 to 50 cm, and 60 to 70 cm. It was found that the mineral nitrogen (NH4-N + NO3-N) content of the soil samples collected late in the autumn was in all layers highest in the plots treated with the highest amount of superphosphate. The positive effect of the treatment with 200 kg/ha of superphosphate reached down to the layer of 40 to 50 cm. In the soil treated with 100 kg/ha the mineral nitrogen content was higher than in the untreated soil only in both surface layers. In the incubation experiment of five and ten weeks the differences in the mineral nitrogen content were equalized, particularly in the samples from deeper layers. In the top layers the superiority of the heaviest treatment was maintained. The amounts of nitrogen in the hay yields harvested in the previous summer appeared, generally, to be the higher the larger the amounts of superphosphate applied. It seemed to be probable that potassium was a minimum factor in the plots of the heaviest superphosphate treatment. Comparison of the present results with data obtained from the same experiment when it had been only run for five years indicated that, in regard to the availability of nitrogen in this peat soil, the slight tendency found thirty years ago had grown to the distinct superiority of the heavy superphosphate treatment.

scholarly journals Observations on the effect of organic materila upon aggregation and nitrate-nitrogen content of soil

1952 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila ◽  
Pertti Kivinen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Simultaneous Immobilization ◽  
Properties Of Soil

In the experiments reported above the effect of organic material upon the aggregation of soil particles and the simultaneous immobilization of mineral nitrogen by microorganisms were studied. The relative amount of water-stable aggregates larger than 0.5 mm in diameter was considered to indicate the aggregation state of the soil samples. Probably, somewhat different results were obtained if the crumb formation had been determined by some other method, but it is not sure that these would have been more reliable. Since the incubation of soil samples were performed under aerobic conditions, and all the samples were mineral soils, it seemed justifiable to take the nitrate-nitrogen content of the soil samples to characterize the amount of mineral nitrogen in them. On the basis of the results the general conclusion may be drawn that the more favourable the conditions are for the development of an active and large microflora in the soil, the more intensively the crumb formation and the immobilization of nitrogen takes place, but also the destruction of aggregates begins the more rapidlv. This appeared to be true with regard to the indigenous fertility of soil as well as to the fertilization. Liming, however, did not improve the conditions in these experiment, probably due to the rather slight acidity of the soil samples used. Under otherwise similar conditions the larger amount of straw produced larger amount of aggregates, but the differences in the nitrate-nitrogen content of soil in the presence of various amounts of straw were neglibigle. Generally, the degree of immobilization of soil nitrogen seemed largely to depend on the properties of soil and on other environmental conditions, and nitrogen applications, theoretically enough for the needs of microorganisms that decomposed the straw, could not always prevent an intensive absorption of soil nitrogen. The crumb formation appeared to need mere energy-yielding material than the immobilization of nitrogen, or the destruction of crumbs occurred more rapidly than the nitrification of microbiologically bound nitrogen.

Effect of Fertilizer, Inoculation and Sowing Time on Free Amino Acids and Mineral Nitrogen Content of Field Grown Mature Soybean Seeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽  
Safdar Ali Kayani . ◽  
Muhammad Yaqoob . ◽  
Abdul Nabi .
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Sowing Time

Stimulated decomposition of soil organic matter during the decomposition of added organic materials

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
High Ph

When organic materials of high nitrogen content were allowed to decompose in soil, the accumulation of ammonium caused high pH. It vas shown that high pH caused increased production of carbon dioxide, sulphate, and mineral nitrogen from soil organic matter.

Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) can Influence the Microbial Cenosis in Sunflower Rhizosphere

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (71) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
V. A. Lyakh ◽  
N. I. Kostyuchenko ◽  
I. A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Orobanche Cumana ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Abstract The bacterial and micromycete complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected with broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) have been compared. The investigations were carried out in the conditions of a stationary infectious field which was annually enriched with infected plant residues and broomrape seeds collected in different regions of Ukraine. Soil is leached, low-humic chernozem with acidic pH. The soil samples selected at the end of vegetation from the rhizosphere of healthy and infected with broomrape plants of sunflower breeding samples. The total number of bacteria found in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite did not differ significantly from the control and was 11.7 and 12.1 million CFU / g of soil, respectively. The numbers of ammonifiers as well as bacterial microflora, using for its life mineral nitrogen, and pedotrophs and oligotrophs in the compared soil samples did not differ significantly, and generally corresponded to this type of soil. Although in general, both tested samples of soil were characterized by a low content of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, the number of representatives of this genus in the rhizosphere of parasite-infected plants was somewhat less than in control (35 % and 21 %, respectively). However, unlike most bacteria, the number of micromycetes detected on Czapek-Dox and starch-ammonia agar media, in the rhizosphere of plants infected by broomrape almost twice exceeded the number of these microorganisms in the rhizosphere of healthy plants. Analysis of the generic and species composition of microscopic fungi showed that in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants infected by the parasite a very specific mycocenosis was formed that differ from a mycocenosis of healthy plants. This mycocenosis was characterized by a much smaller number of genera and species of micromycetes. At the same time for the structure of the fungal cenosis of diseased plants there was a characteristic increase in the proportion of toxin-forming fungi of the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera with active conidiogenesis. The obtained data testify not only to the differences in the microbial complexes in the rhizosphere of sunflower plants non-infected and infected by broomrape, but also indicate the direction of action of this parasite.

Effect of lupin management on the yield of subsequent wheat crops in a lupin-wheat rotation

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Petch ◽  
RW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen

Wheat was grown in a series of 1:1 rotation cycles with sweet lupins over 8 years on three sites in Western Australia. Grain yield of wheat was the main test used to compare five lupin management treatments with a control treatment, 'no-lupins'. The lupins were cut as for silage, cut as for hay, or harvested as mature grain, the stubble being burnt or removed in summer, or turned into the soil the next autumn. Nitrogen taken up in the lupins and in the wheat was measured, as well as soil mineral nitrogen in the top 10 cm in the final year. Lupin yield and nitrogen content within any year were similar over all treatments. As much nitrogen was removed in hay and silage as in mature lupins, but wheat yielded most grain after the 'silage' and 'hay' treatments, and least after 'no-lupins' or after the 'remove' and 'turn-in' stubble treatments. Nitrogen uptakes in young wheat plants point to treatment effects due to differences in nitrogen availability, but the treatments also caused different weed populations which at least partially affected wheat yields. Herbicide control of encroaching weeds in the lupins raised soil nitrate levels the following summer and increased subsequent wheat yields.

Studies in tropical soils: IV. Organic transformations in soils, composts and peat

1937 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Organic Decomposition

1. Waksman's simplified scheme of fractionation was used in attempts to trace the organic transformations occurring in some tropical samples of composts, soils and peats.2. It was found that a useful partition of the nitrogenous substances into hydrolysable and resistant fractions could be effected by boiling with 5 per cent sulphuric acid for 6 hours.3. Two profile layers of a black calcareous Trinidadian clay soil were compared with two horizons of a prairie soil examined by Waksman & Stevens. The surface layers of both soils were found to be similar in chemical characters, but the lower subsoil layers of the Trinidadian soil gave evidence of a more advanced and profound degree of organic decomposition.4. Serial soil samples, taken from eight undisturbed natural profiles representative of humid tropical soil types occurring in Jamaica and Trinidad, were similarly examined.

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