Biotechnological Aspects of Dietary Fiber Use in the Production of Fermented Dairy Products

This article presents research results of the chemical composition, physical and chemical properties and biotechnological potential of dietary fiber concentrates (DFCs) obtained from secondary raw materials for the production of carrot and pumpkin juices.It has been established that DFCs, along with dietary fibers (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin), contain soluble sugars, nitrogenous substances and carotenoids, which determine their physiological activity and technological properties when used in dairy products fermented with probiotics.The effect of DFCs on the fermentation kinetics of dairy-vegetable mixtures with a starter containing lacto-, bifidobacteria and propionic acid microorganisms was studied. The optimal concentration and the degree of dispersion of carrot and pumpkin DFCs was determined. The findings can be used to ensureoptimal intensification of the fermentation process and the production of probiotic fermented milk drinks with a pleasant taste. Keywords: dietary fiber, secondary raw materials, functional dairy products, prebiotics, probiotics, enzyme kinetics, probiotic drinks

Feed Parameters Influencing the Breeding of Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)

With the growing public interest in edible insects, breeders are forced to increase the volume of production and shorten the life cycle of farmed insects. The exact composition of the feed is the know-how of each manufacturer. The aim of this work was to determine the general impact of individual conventional types of feed (bran, whey, raw ware potatoes) on the life cycle rate of Tenebrio molitor (TM), larval mortality and the content of fats, fatty acids and nitrogenous substances in larvae and their excrements. For the reasons of sustainability of the state of nature and waste disposal, polystyrene foam was added to the experiment as feed. The experiment was performed in two phases—rearing for 21 weeks and 5 weeks. The nitrogen content was determined using the Kjeldahl method (ISO 1871: 2009), the fat content by the Soxhlet method and the fatty acid profile using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (FID). The results of the work show that the basis of the TM feed is wheat bran, not only due to the observed low larval mortality (45% over 21 weeks) and their optimal nutritional value (nitrogenous substances 53.6% DM, fat 37.1% DM, the highest total fatty acid content) but also due to the higher speed of TM development. Lower larval mortality during rearing was found when feeding dried whey and raw ware potatoes, but the development cycle rate was low. This confirmed that the bran as a feed allowed a fast life cycle with good larval nutritional parameters. From a nutritional and reproductive point of view, TM appeared to be a suitable alternative to animal production. Polystyrene as a feed, tested for biodegradation by TM larvae, caused the highest larval mortality (75% in 21 weeks). However, the content of nitrogenous substances in the larvae increased to 69.77%, in the excrement, it even increased to 82.68%, and there was no cannibalism among the larvae. The work thus demonstrated the possibility of biodegradation of polystyrene using TM larvae with an increase in nitrogenous substances in both larvae and excrement.

Diagnostic capabilities of the biochemical composition of amniotic fluid in assessing fetal conditions

Aim. To analyze the nature of changes in the biochemical parameters of amniotic fluid during fetal hypoxia. Methods. The study was carried out in the maternity ward of the Republican Clinical Hospital named after Kuvatov (Ufa) between January 2016 and September 2018. The main group 72 women in labor with symptoms of fetal distress, the control group 70 women in labor without it. The biochemical composition of the amniotic fluid was measured using an analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistica 10.0 software. Comparison of qualitative characteristics was carried out by using Fisher's exact test when comparing quantitative data, the MannWhitney test. The statistical significance of the differences was set at p 0.05. Results. It was found that in fetal distress, there is a decrease in such biochemical indicators of the composition of amniotic fluid as the level of triglycerides (0.20.1 and 0.30.1 mmol/L, p=0.0036) and cholesterol (0.10.16 and 0.30.2 mmol/L, p=0.0275), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (34.511 and 48.76.8 U/L, p=0.0261), while the level the lactate (in the main group 3.51.2 and 3.10.9 mmol/L in the control group, p=0.0035), glucose (1.20.6 and 0.60.3 mmol/L, p=0.0002) and nitrogenous substances such as urea (4.51.1 and 3.01.3 mmol/L, p=0.0018) increases. Conclusion. The biochemical composition of amniotic fluid reflects the state of the fetus at birth, and therefore the study of the amniotic fluid is a relevant and accessible method.

Ginseng: Pharmacological Action and Phytochemistry Prospective

Ginseng, the root of Panax species is a well-known conventional and perennial herb belonging to Araliaceae of various countries China, Korea, and Japan that is also known as the king of all herbs and famous for many years worldwide. It is a short underground rhizome that is associated with the fleshy root. Pharmacognostic details of cultivation and collection with different morphological characters are discussed. Phytocontent present is saponins glycosides, carbohydrates, polyacetylenes, phytosterols, nitrogenous substances, amino acids, peptides, vitamins, volatile oil, minerals, and enzymes details are discussed. The main focusing of the bioactive constituent of ginseng is ginsenosides are triterpenoid saponin glycosides having multifunctional pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and many more will be discussed. Ginseng is helpful in the treatment of microbial infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and obesity. Nanoparticles and nanocomposite film technologies had developed in it as novel drug delivery for cancer, inflammation, and neurological disorder. Multifaceted ginseng will be crucial for future development. This chapter review pharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacognostic studies of this plant.

Use of NIRS in Wild Rodents’ Research: A Review of Timid Beginnings

The article summarizes the previous experience and results from the study of wild rodents using the NIRS method. The importance and role of rodents in ecosystems and the specifics associated with their research using the NIRS method are briefly mentioned. The results of previous partial studies are mentioned and discussed. The NIRS method proved to be a useful tool to determine the amount of a particular food ingredient in the diet from faeces or chyme and to estimate the food quality (i.e., diversity of nitrogenous substances in chyme). On this basis, other possible directions of research using the NIRS method in wild rodents are proposed. These could help to better understand both the relationship between rodents and their environment and practical management in sectors where rodents interfere with human interests, especially in agriculture and forestry.

Simulation Research on Explosives Detection System Based on D-D Sealed Neutron Generator

A prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) system based on a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) sealed neutron generator was designed using the MOCA code for explosive detection. The system is mainly composed of four parts: D-D sealed neutron generator, moderator, shielding, and Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) scintillation detectors. Polyethylene (PE) was selected as the moderator and the optimal thickness was 7cm. Lead, PE, and boron-containing polyethylene were used as shielding materials. In the optimized model, the LYSO detector is used to measure eighteen materials, such as wood, melamine, glucose, and nylon, and so on. Firstly, the nitrogen characteristic peak of 10.8 MeV was analyzed to determine whether the material contained nitrogen. Then, the ratio of characteristic peak counts of C/O and O/N were calculated to distinguish explosives from nitrogen containing materials. Finally, dinitrobenzene, nitroglycerin, TNT, and ammonium nitrate can be separated from nitrogenous substances by a discriminant algorithm. The final device can be used to detect the chemical composition of the threat substances, and the maximum dose rate of the system meets the limits of international protection standards.

ECOLIGICAL APPROACH IN IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF INDUCTRIAL METHOD OF OBTAINING AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

The article considers using the latest technologies with recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS), which allows growing aquaculture objects at high seeding densities all year round. However, it has a number of difficulties and, first of all, the need to purify water from metabolites. An alternative to RAS technology is an ecological approach to growing aquaculture products, which is implemented by us using the artificial eco-systems or, otherwise, agrohydroecosystems based on RAS. An experiment was carried out on the joint cultivation of a sterlet × beluga hybrid with tilapia in an aquaponic module of an integrated storey unit (IED); an increase in the mass accumulation coefficient and average daily growth rate of fish was noted. Due to the right choice of parameters that satisfy the conditions for growing all experimental objects application of IED technology allows obtaining a high increase in the mass of aquatic organisms and additional products per unit area (lettuce, strawberries). The introduction of a hydroponics block into the system reduces the amount of nitrogenous substances in the medium, while an even greater effect can be achieved by adding a microbiological preparation (culture liquid) into the system. When using an IED, raw materials and energy are consumed most efficiently, with a minimum impact on the envi-ronment.

Applying EFDC Explorer model in the Gallinas River, Mexico to estimate its assimilation capacity for water quality protection

Sanitary and industrial wastewater discharged into rivers, is a general problem that occurs in most of the world and Mexico is not the exception, the main goal of this research is to determine based on simulations of pollutants concentrations, the assimilation capacity of the Gallinas River against discharges of agricultural and industrial wastewater from the cultivation and processing of sugar cane under two different hypothetical simulation scenarios, based on reproducing two well know scenarios. In sugarcane cultivation, large quantities of fertilizers are used whose main active components are based on nitrogen or phosphorus compounds, therefore, the wastewater resulting from sugarcane processing contains a high organic content from 20 to 40% of inorganic compounds, such as nitrogenous substances, organic acids, and phosphorous sulfates. For this reason, the physical–chemical variables of interest analyzed in this work are the PO$$_4$$ 4 (phosphate), NO$$_3$$ 3 (nitrate), and DO (dissolved oxygen). With the simulation results according to each scenery, it can be determined, that despite the continuous discharge of polluting elements, the Gallinas River has a good assimilation capacity thanks to reaeration processes that permit efficient recovery of the dissolved oxygen in the water column. Gallinas River is located in the region known as the Huasteca Potosina, this investigation is relevant for the region due to the River is of vital importance being the main tributary that allows socioeconomic development activities in this zone. To carry out the simulations, was used the Explorer Modeling System 8.4 (EFCD) model and was performed two samplings campaign along 15 km in the water body to calibrate the numerical model to represent the dry and wet seasons during May and September respectively named as calibration scenarios.

Barley varieties registered in the Czech Republic after the harvest of 2020

The study presents malting quality and agronomic characteristics obtained during testing of barley varieties in the Czech Republic. After the harvest of 2020, the following spring barley malting varieties were registered: Amidala, Focus, Greenway, KWS Jessie, LG Belcanto, and LG Stamgast. LG Stamgast was recommended for production of the beer with the protected geographical indication České pivo. In addition, the non-malting spring barley variety RGT Gagarin was registered. Amidala, Focus, Greenway, KWS Jessie, LG Belcanto provided malt with the extract content over 83%. These varieties also easily degraded nitrogenous substances. The value of the Kolbach index ranged from 48.6 to 52.1%. Diastatic power was at the optimal level. Degradation of cell walls was also optimal. Friability moved from 89 to 97% and β-glucan content in wort achieved satisfactory values of 65 – 170 mg/l in the given varieties . Wort quality, which is characterized by final attenuation, was at the above average to optimal level of 80.9 – 83.2% in these varieties of spring barley. LG Stamgast showed lower values of proteolytic and cytolytic modification and lower values of final attenuation, which is required for the varieties recommended for the production of the beer with the protected geographical indication České pivo.

BIOCHEMICALANDORGANOLEPTICPROPERTIESOFWINESMADEFROM-REDGRAPEVARIETIESBRED IN ARRIV&W

The aim of the work is to study the biochemi-cal and organoleptic properties of red table wines obtained from grape varieties of inter-specific origin growing in the vineyards of the Novocherkassk branch of the experimental field of ARRIV&W. The research was carried out on red grape varieties of interspecific origin Denisovskiy, Cabernet severniy, Avgusta. After the research, the following results were obtained. The largest stock of phenolic and nitrogenous substances was ob-served in the must from the Denisovsky and Augusta grapevine varieties. The highest con-tent of extractive, phenolic and coloring sub-stances was noted in the experimental wine from the Augusta variety. The content of phenolic and coloring substances in the stud-ied sample from the Cabernet Severny variety was almost two times less than in the control Cabernet Sauvignon. According to organolep-tic analysis, the highest tasting score was ob-tained from the Augusta grape variety (8.7 points)