scholarly journals Yield reduction of spring barley in relation to disease development caused by Rhynchosporium secalis

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

Effects of barley scald caused by Rhynchosporium secalis on grain yield were studied in three spring barley cultivars under field conditions using artificial inoculation over three years. The disease strongly reduced the green-leaf area duration compared with fungicide-treated leaves. At low infection level, R. secalis reduced the grain yield of barley by 3—5 %. Moderate and severe infection reduced the grain yields of susceptible cultivars by 10—12 %. Single-tiller analysis of yield components indicated that grain weight and ear weight were most affected, but the number of grains was only insignificantly reduced by the disease. Implications of these results for controlling scald disease in Finland are discussed.

scholarly journals Yield reduction of spring wheat in relation to disease development caused by Septoria nodorum

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Sinikka Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

Effects of Septoria nodorum on the grain yields and yield components of three spring wheat cultivars were studied in Finland using artificial field inoculation over three years. At low infection level, in 1986, grain yield was reduced in all cultivars by 2—10 %, but statistically insignificantly. In 1984 severe infection reduced the grain yields of cultivars Kadett and Tähti by 27 % and 32 %, respectively, while in 1985 the yield of Tähti was reduced by 16 % and that of Kadett by 18 %. Grain weights were reduced under low disease stress by 3—5 %, while under severe disease stress the reductions were 7—20 %. Disease strongly reduced the green-leaf area duration compared with fungicide-treated plots. Examination of single tillers showed that all yield components were significantly reduced. The disease amount on second leaves correlated best with grain weight loss. Implications of these results for controlling the damage caused by S. nodorum in spring wheat are discussed.

scholarly journals Yield reduction of oat cultivars in relation to disease development caused by barley yellow dwarf virus

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
R. Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on the development, grain yield and yield components of oat cultivar Veli and breeding lines Hankkija 78152 and 78033 were studied in two years. Cultivar differences to BYDV infection were best observed at a low infection level. Single tiller analysis indicated close correlation between symptom severity and reduction in main yield components. Early infection caused greatest yield losses in all cultivars. BYDV strongly reduced both plant height and harvest index. Mild infection reduced the grain yield by 2—8 %, but severe infection by 36—41 %. The number of grains and panicle weight were strongly reduced, but the 1000-grain weight was only slightly affected after severe BYDV-infection. Implications of these results for disease control are discussed.

A reappraisal of stem reserve contribution to grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
M. B. Alcock ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYPre-anthesis stem reserve contribution to grain yield was assessed in two spring barley cultivars of contrasting height. It was greatest in the taller, but final grain yields were similar. Partitioning of total reserve capacity to various plant parts showed that the leaf and sheath below the peduncle were most important, followed by stem internodes which had increasing reserve capacity up to internode 4.It is suggested that stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice.High grain yields were associated with large positive increases in stem dry weight after anthesis. This would indicate that the source capacity to boost yield is more than proportional to that required to fill the grain alone.

Tolerances of barley cultivars to post-emergence herbicides

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lemerle ◽  
CR Kidd ◽  
BJ Read
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Barley Leaf ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Sixteen spring barley cultivars were tested in southern New South Wales for their tolerances to 12 post-emergence herbicides applied at the recommended rates and at three times those rates. Examples of unsafe combinations of cultivars and herbicides (at recommended rates) that have a risk of crop damage in this environment include: Shannon with bromoxynil at 0.42 kg/ha; Panvan with bromoxynil plus MCPA at 0.42 + 0.42 kg/ha; Bandulla, Beecher, Clipper, Malebo, Panvan and Weeah with dicamba at 0.08 kg/ha; and Clipper, Galleon, Lara and Shannon with dicamba plus MCPA at 0.11 + 0.48 kg/ha. Severe damage occurred to barleys from diclofop-methyl at 0.56 kg/ha and from chlorsulfuron at 0.01 8 kg/ha. Cultivars which showed tolerance were Grimmett, Lara, Stirling and Shannon with chlorsulfuron, and Shannon and Weeah with diclofop-methyl. The use of rates three times those recommended by the manufacturers in these experiments identified the susceptibility of additional cultivars which could be at risk of crop damage from overdosing, incorrect timing of application, or adverse environmental conditions. For example, Lara and Corvette with bromoxynil at 1.26 kg/ha; Corvette and Shannon with bromoxynil plus MCPA at 1.26 + 1.26 kg/ha; Corvette, Cutter, Galleon, Lara, Panvan, Schooner, and Shannon with dicamba plus MCPA at 0.33 + 1.44 kg/ha. The grain yields ofall cultivars were unaffected by both rates of difenzoquat, diuron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron or 2,4-D. The risks of crop damage v. the benefits of weed control are discussed. Seasonal variation was observed in the herbicidexcultivar interactions and this variation was sometimes of a greater magnitude than the differences between the cultivars. An interaction was observed between the incidence of barley leaf scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) and treatment with chlorsulfuron or diclofop-methyl. Routine screening of herbicides and crop cultivars for dangerous interactions is recommended, and we need a greater understanding of the effects of environmental factors on plant responses to herbicides.

scholarly journals Morphological characters, plant phenology and yield of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.) depending on cultivar properties and sowing date

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Noworolnik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

During the period 2008-2010, microplot experiments on spring barley were carried out in the experimental field of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Puławy, on a good wheat soil complex. The following cultivars were compared: ‘Conchita’, ‘Kormoran’, ‘Rufus’, ‘Skald’, ‘Skarb’ (2008-2009) as well as ‘Afrodite’, ‘Aliciana’, ‘Bordo’, ‘Skald’, and ‘Suweren’ (2009-2010), in terms of their morphological characters determining grain yield and their response to sowing date: 7-12 April and 17-22 April. Among the spring barley cultivars tested, there were large differences in productive tillering of plants, number of ears per unit area, and grain yield. Smaller differences related to number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. The cultivars ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’ were characterized by high grain yield thanks to greater plant tillering and higher number of ears. The cultivar ‘Bordo’ was marked by the highest number of grains per ear, while cv. ‘Kormoran’ had the highest 1000 grain weight. A delayed sowing date caused a shortening of the growing season by 8-9 days and a shortening of all plant growth stages. This negatively affected number of ears per unit area and grain yield, but did not result in significant changes in number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. ‘Suweren’ and ‘Skarb’, i.e. cultivars with higher tillering ability, can be considered to be cultivars more tolerant to delayed sowing date.

ETUDE DE LA TOLERANCE DE CULTIVARS D’ORGE A LA TACHE HELMINTHOSPORIENNE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DOSTALER ◽  
G. J. PELLETIER ◽  
L. COUTURE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Key Words Barley

This study was conducted to assess tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars to spot blotch. The barley cultivars Parkland, Bonanza and Laurier inoculated with spores of Bipolaris sorokiniana developed approximately the same level of spot blotch symptoms in the field. Natural disease development was minimal in plots treated with mancozeb; it was intermediate in uninoculated and untreated plots. Reduction of grain yield and grain weight differed with each cultivar. Disease had the most depressing effects on Parkland. Disease severity was highest on Laurier which suffered the least decrease in grain yield and grain weight compared to the checks. Yield and seed weight of Bonanza were not affected by low or moderate disease levels (checks) but were reduced when symptoms were severe (inoculations).Key words: Barley, cultivars, spot blotch, Bipolaris sorokiniana, tolerance, mancozeb

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED SPRING FROST ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF THREE BARLEY CULTIVARS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
D. G. FARIS ◽  
R. M. DE PAUW
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Freezing Chamber

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were planted at four seeding dates to evaluate the effect of a simulated frost at the two-leaf stage on growth and yield. A portable field freezing chamber was used to subject the plants to a − 5.6 °C stress. The frost caused 49, 64 and 68% injury to the leaves and delayed heading by 2.4, 1.4 and 2.4 days in Gait, Atlas and Olli, respectively. Frost also reduced the number of tillers per plant, ripe heads per plant and plants per plot in all cultivars. Although the late-maturing cultivar Galt had the most leaf frost resistance, the average 13.8% yield reduction within all three cultivars, owing to the freezing stress, was not significantly different between any of the cultivars. Complete defoliation by clipping resulted in no further reduction in yield than that which occurred from partial defoliation by freezing. Delayed seeding resulted in an 8.6% reduction in yield. Frost reduced the yield of early seeded cultivars by 9.8% and late-seeded cultivars by 17.1%.

scholarly journals Decrease of yield components and morphological traits of soybean full-sibs under drought conditions

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1249-1262
Author(s):  
Mirjana Srebric ◽  
Zoran Dumanovic ◽  
Vesna Peric ◽  
Violeta Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Soybean, as a plant species, is native to regions with conditions favourable of humidity and temperatures for its growth and development. The expansion of the soybean growing area resulted in requirements of varieties with higher tolerance and more stable grain yield under drought conditions. In order to develop high yielding varieties, the method of full-sib (FS) selection was applied in this study, as one of many methods of recurrent selection. The basic principle of recurrent selection is a cyclic selection, with the aim to accumulate favourable alleles. Three most yielding F2:3 sister lines obtained from the crossing combination of varieties Kunitz and Kador, were used for two combinations. Progenies of two FS crossing combinations were tested in two locations during two years (2011 with more favourable and 2012 with less favourable precipitation distribution). The values of grain yield per plant, the most important components of yield and morphological traits decreased under less favourable conditions. The highest decrease was recorded in the number of pods and the number of grains per plant, whereas the lowest decrease was found for the 1000-grain weight. Regardless of the relatedness of the tested material, significant differences in response to drought were observed not only between two FS progenies, but also within progenies of each combination. Soybean grain yield is a complex trait strongly affected by environmental conditions. Under unfavourable conditions, the reductions in the following traits were observed in progenies of two sister combinations: grain yield per plant (26.5-36.0% and 25.6-42.7%), number of pods per plant (18.6-33.0% and 12.6-38.2%) and the number of grains per plant (18.1-30.2% and 14.3-37.6%). Three progenies of FS crossings with the lowest yield reduction were identified as suitable initial material for the development of varieties with higher tolerance to drought conditions.

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