scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of PAM-4 and PAM-2 Modulation Techniques using MATLAB

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Waliu Olalekan Apena
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
Modulation Technique ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Four Levels

Two Levels Pulse Amplitude Modulation techniques (PAM-2) is failing to cope with the increase in appetite for data and higher data rate with respect to noisy channel. Hence, Four Levels Pulse Amplitude Modulation techniques (PAM-4) was developed. PAM-4 is said to enable two times the data rate as compared to PAM-2. PAM-4 has its pros and cons as compared with PAM-2. This paper compares the performance of Two Levels Pulse Amplitude Modulation technique to Four Levels Pulse Amplitude Modulation technique. The communication system was modeled using Simulink R2016b, the signal passed through an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel and eye diagram scope was adopted to evaluate the corresponding signal. The study compared eye diagram to evaluate both PAM-2 and PAM-4 at same channel condition. Bit error rate (BER) analysis of the two signals were studied and the results for the corresponding signals were compared. It was observed that the performance of PAM-2 surpasses PAM-4 in terms of the bit error rate analysis. The study shows similar characteristic for Symbol Error Rate Probability curve. The result revealed that PAM-4 is more susceptible to noise than PAM-2.

scholarly journals Comparison the Performance Evaluation of Xgpon-Rof System with Wdm and Scm for Different Modulation Schemes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntadhar H. Ismeala ◽  
Bashar J. Hamzaa ◽  
Wasan Kadhim Saada
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
High Data ◽  
Modulation Schemes

At the present time and as a result to the recent developed technology demand for higher data rate and capacity has been increased. For the wireless networks, the combination of radio over fiber (RoF) with  (XGPON) Gigabit-capable PON techniques produce a high data rate at lower cost. Thus, this paper illustrates that the performance of RoF-XGPON optical link has been analyzed for multi-channel through combining two multiplexing techniques, such as; Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). The proposed system utilizes  WDM-xGPON and SCM-XGPON architecture combined with RoF technology with 10 Gpbs data rate and (2.4, 5.8, 10 and 15) GHz radio frequency (RF), when change the optical fiber length between (10 to 80) km. The network performance is compared with various digital quadrate amplitude modulation schemes, like ; 4 - QAM, 16 - QAM and 64 - QAM for various input power (-2, 2, and 6) dB. The performance analysis is based on the optical spectrum of transmitted and received signals for 4-channel, constellation diagram, eye diagram, bit error rate (BER), power received, and quality factor. The result explain that the WDM-XGPON-Rof performs better than SCM-XGPON-Rof for different modulation schemes. The bit error rate for WDM-XGPON less than the SCM-XGPON while the power received recorded to the WDM-XGPON greater than SCM-XGPON and the quality factor for SCM-XGPON less than the WDM-XGPON. Therefore The simulation results show that the WDM-XGPON-RoF gives better performance from SCM-XGPON-RoF. The software optisystem version 15 has been used to simulate this system

scholarly journals The Utilization of Artificial Neural Network Equalizer in Optical Camera Communications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2826
Author(s):  
Othman Isam Younus ◽  
Navid Bani Hassan ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvanovec ◽  
Luis Nero Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
Artificial Neural

In this paper, we propose and validate an artificial neural network-based equalizer for the constant power 4-level pulse amplitude modulation in an optical camera communications system. We introduce new terminology to measure the quality of the communications link in terms of the number of row pixels per symbol Npps, which allows a fair comparison considering the progress made in the development of the current image sensors in terms of the frame rates and the resolutions of each frame. Using the proposed equalizer, we experimentally demonstrate a non-flickering system using a single light-emitting diode (LED) with Npps of 20 and 30 pixels/symbol for the unequalized and equalized systems, respectively. Potential transmission rates of up to 18.6 and 24.4 kbps are achieved with and without the equalization, respectively. The quality of the received signal is assessed using the eye-diagram opening and its linearity and the bit error rate performance. An acceptable bit error rate (below the forward error correction limit) and an improvement of ~66% in the eye linearity are achieved using a single LED and a typical commercial camera with equalization.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of carrier depletion silicon PIN phase shifter

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesuwanth Sugesh Ramesh Gabriel ◽  
Sivasubramanian Arunagiri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Mach Zehnder Modulator

AbstractIn this paper, we report the performance of a carrier depletion Silicon PIN phase shifter with over layer of 130 nm. It is observed that an optimum intrinsic gap of 250 nm for a device length of 5 mm at 2 V, resulted in Extinction Ratio (ER) of 23.41 dB and Bit Error Rate (BER) of 1.00 × 10−7 is obtained for 50 Gbps. The phase shifter is also designed for length 2 mm with an intrinsic gap of 100 nm at an operating voltage <4 V. The study also reveals that the proposed design for Mach-Zehnder modulator operating at a data rate of 100 Gbps for the concentration of P = 7 × 1017 cm−3 and N = 5 × 1017 cm−3 gives better BER and phase performance. The proposed design was also analysed in an intra-data centre communication setup of fibre length 15 km.

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