scholarly journals Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Listrik Dinamik menggunakan Strategi Pembelajaran Team Assisted Individualization melalui Simulasi Crocodile Physics

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gumrowi
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Model Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physics Simulation ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes on dynamic electric of MAN 1 Bandar Lampung’s students using Cooperative Learning Model, Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) type, through crocodile physics simulation. The object of this study is the result of students’ learning on the subject of electric dynamic using cooperative learning model type TAI (team assisted individualization) through physics crocodile simulation. This study was conducted in three cycles. The results of analysis show that cooperative learning strategies type Team Assisted Individualization through crocodile physics simulations can improve learning outcomes on dynamic electricity. The average of students’ learning outcomes increased as follows: the first cycle is 61.23, and 68.13 in the second cycle, an increase of 11.27%, and the third cycle result is 72.63, or an increase of 6.6%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar listrik dinamik siswa  MAN 1 Bandar Lampung dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI). melalui simulasi Crocodile physics. Objek penelitian ini adalah hasil belajar siswa pada pokok bahasan listrik dinamik dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe TAI (team assisted individualization) melalui simulasi Crocodile physics. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama tiga siklus, dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization melalui simulasi crocodile physics dapat meningkatkan hasil  belajar listrik dinamik. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa meningkat pada siklus I dari 61,23 menjadi 68,13 pada siklus II atau meningkat 11,27%, pada siklus III 72,63 atau meningkat 6,6%.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NHT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 1 INUMAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Kasman Bamba
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Model Type ◽  
High Category ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
English Students

he background of this study is the low learning outcomes of English students. Of the 22 students only 9 studentsreached KKM. On this basis researchers do research by applying cooperative learning model type NHT toimprove English learning outcomes. This research is a classroom action research conducted in SMPN 1 Inuman,the subject of this study is the students of class VII with the number of 22 students. The results suggest that thelearning outcomes of English have increased in each cycle. This is evidenced by: In the basic score of thenumber of students who reached KKM or complete is 9 students (40.90%), the UH I has increased with thenumber of 17 students (77.27%) and in UH II increased with the number of 20 students (90.90%). In the basicscore of the learning result of the students get the value of 51,25 with the low category, at UH I experiencing theincrease of learning result with the acquisition value of 65,76 with the medium category, and at UH II studentlearning result again increase with the acquisition value equal to 79,25 with high category.

Efforts to Improve Mathematics Learning Outcomes Using Cooperative Learning Model Type Numbered Heads Together (NHT) In Class VII MTs N 2 Rantauprapat Years Learning 2019/2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Harahap Amin
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Model Type ◽  
School Year ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Style

This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subject of this research is class VII MTs N 2 Rantauprapat as many as 29 students. And the object of research is Through cooperative learning model type numbered heads together (NHT) in improving the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Students of MTs N 2 Rantauprapat. Based on the results of the initial test of the Value of student learning outcomes in classical before the application of cooperative learning model type numbered heads together (NHT) is by 17.2% with the criteria is very low. The value of the Mathematics learning outcomes of students in the classical style after the application of cooperative learning model type numbered heads together (NHT) in the first cycle of 65,52%, mean value obtained by the students have not yet reached the classical completeness that is equal to > 85%. The value of the Mathematics learning outcomes of students in the classical style after the application of cooperative learning model type numbered heads together (NHT) in the second cycle of 86,21%, mean value obtained by the students have reached mastery in the classical that of 86,21%> 85%, This means that there is improvement of students ' Mathematics learning outcomes of prior actions to the cycle of 48,28 %, and from cycle I to cycle II amounted of 20.69%. Based on the results of the overall teacher had enough of the maximum in teach with the calculation of the average to each of the aspect in cycle I is 2,92 with good category and the average in cycle II is 4.00 is in very good category, this means there has been an increase in the activity of the teacher. From this study resulted in the conclusion that by using cooperative learning model type numbered heads together (NHT) can improve learning outcomes of students of class VII MTs N 2 Rantauprapat the school Year 2019/2020 on a Math lesson.

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 016 BERINGIN JAYA KECAMATAN SINGINGI HILIR KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Sutini Sutini
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Match Type ◽  
The Subject

The background of this research is the low learning outcomes of science at the fourth grade students of SDN 016Beringin Jaya. The purpose of this study is to improve the learning outcomes of grade IV science through theadoption of cooperative learning model type make a match. This research is a classroom action researchconducted at SDN 016 Beringin Jaya, the subject of this research is the fourth grade students with 25 students.The results showed that after applying the cooperative learning model, make a match type can improve studentlearning outcomes. Seen in the acquisition of teacher activity data in the first cycle of the 1st meeting with apercentage of 56%, the second meeting with a percentage of 69.5%, in the second cycle at the third meeting thepercentage was 83%, and at the 4th meeting the percentage obtained 95%. Data on student activity in the firstcycle of the 1st meeting was 55.5%, the second meeting was 66.5%, in the second cycle the third meeting was80%, and the fourth meeting was 93%. Data on the improvement of learning outcomes in the initial dataobtained an average of 68.5, in daily I repetitions at 78, and on daily tests II at 87.MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE MAKE A MATCHUNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPASISWA KELAS IV SDN 016 BERINGIN JAYA KECAMATAN SINGINGI HILIRKABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW BERBASIS ALGEBRATOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline Yanty Putri Nasution ◽  
Farida Hanum Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Model Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Activity Scale ◽  
Very High

  Abstrak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan 3 siklus sebagai kolaborasi penelitian antara dosen pendidikan matematika dengan guru matematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelaah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw berbasis Algebrator untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Pelenitian ini dilaksanakan pada salah satu sekolah menengah pertama dimana 215 orang siswa kelas delapan sebagai populasi, dan 21 orang siswa sebagai sampel penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 buah instrumen baik tes maupun non-tes yang terlebih dahulu diuji coba validitasnya, yaitu: tes hasil belajar siswa I dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,80 (tinggi), tes hasil belajar siswa II dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,76 (tinggi), tes hasil belajar siswa III dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,81 (tinggi), skala aktivitas belajar siswa I dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,844 (sangat tinggi), skala aktivitas belajar siswa II dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,784 (tinggi), skala aktivitas belajar siswa III dengan nilai reliabilitas 0,878 (sangat tinggi), lembar observasi dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus pertama adalah 65,62 (2) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus kedua adalah 71,53 (3) rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada siklus ketiga adalah 76 (4) rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus pertama adalah 41,29% (5) rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus kedua adalah 50,71% (6) rata-rata aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus ketiga adalah 65,24% (7) lembar observasi dan wawancara menunjukkan bahwa siswa merasa senang dan tertarik terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw berbasis Algebrator. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw berbasis Algebrator dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Kata kunci: Jigsaw, Algebrator, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Aktivitas Belajar dan Hasil BelajarAbstract. This study was classroom action research with 3 cycles as the research collaboration between mathematics education lecturer and mathematics teacher. The purpose of this study was investigated cooperative learning model type jigsaw based on Algebrator to improve students activity and learning outcomes in mathematics learning. This study was implemented in one of the junior high school which 215 students of eighth grade as the population and 21 students as research sample. This study used 8 instruments not only test but also non-test that checked the validity first, that are: students learning outcomes test I with reability score at 0.80 (high), students learning outcomes test II with reability score at 0.76 (high), students learning outcomes test III with reability score at 0.81 (high), students learning activity scale I with reability score at 0.844 (very high), students learning activity scale II with reability score at 0.784 (high), students learning activity scale III with reability score at 0.878 (very high), observation sheet and interview. Based on the analysis of the data result, the finding of this study are: (1) the average of students’ learning outcomes at the first cycle is 65.62, (2) the average of students’ learning outcomes at the second cycle is 71.53, (3) the average of students’ learning outcomes at the third cycle is 76 (4) the average of students’ learning activity at the first cycle is 41.29%, (5) the average of students’ learning activity at the second cycle is 50.71%, (6) the average of students’ learning activity at the third cycle is 65.24% (7) observation and interview result indicate that students enjoyed and interested in mathematics learning using cooperative learning model type jigsaw based on Algebrator. The conclution is cooperative learning model type jigsaw based on Algebrator can improve students’ activity and learning outcomes in mathematics learning. Keywords: Jigsaw, Algebrator, Classroom Action Research, Learning Activity and Learning Outcomes

Upaya Meningkatkan Aktifitas Dan Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Pada Pokok Bahasan Pelaksanaan Tata Cara Penyelenggaraan Jenazah Dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Koperatif Tipe NHT Siswa Kelas XI IPA 6 SMAN 3 Kotabumi

Eksponen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Rukmala Mala
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Type ◽  
School Year ◽  
The Subject

The achievement of student learning outcomes today is still considered low, this is closely related to the conditions of teaching and learning activities that occur in class. To overcome this problem, there needs to be a change in the procedure for the teaching and learning process. One of the things that teachers can do is to apply the cooperative learning model type NHT. The research conducted on class XI IPA 6 SMAN 3 Kotabumi school year 2018-2019 is a classroom action research. The study was composed of 2 cycles with each cycle consisting of planning, implementing, observing and ending with reflection. In the first cycle it was carried out on the material for bathing and bathing the body and in the second cycle for the material for the body prayer. The results in this study indicate the use of the cooperative learning model type NHT on the subject of implementing the procedures for organizing a corpse can improve the learning outcomes of students in class XI IPA 6. Student learning outcomes have increased by 41% from cycle I to cycle II, while student activity has increased in the cycle. II where students are more disciplined, cooperative, polite and tolerant in learning. Thus the use of the NHT type cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of MIPA 6 students.

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X IPA 1 MAN 2 BANYUWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haridi Haridi
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Motivation And Learning ◽  
Academic Year

Based on preliminary study, it is known that the students of class X<br />IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi have problems in the learning process of<br />mathematics. Therefore, teachers need to seek solutions. The<br />teacher's efforts include applying cooperative learning model of<br />Group investigation type. This study aims to determine: 1) Increased<br />motivation and learning activities of mathematics through<br />cooperative learning model type of gruop investigation on students<br />class X IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi. 2) improving mathematics<br />learning outcomes through cooperative learning model type of gruop<br />investigation on students class X IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi. This<br />research is a classroom action research conducted on the subject of<br />Mathematics. Subjects in the meticulous are students of Class X IPA<br />1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi academic year 2017/2018. The research<br />procedure consists of two cycles for 4 meetings. Each cycle is<br />carried out with activities: Planning, Action Implementation,<br />Observation, Evaluation, Reflection. Analytical technique that will<br />be used is descriptive technique. The results showed: 1) there is an<br />increase in motivation and learning activities of mathematics<br />through cooperative learning model type of gruop investigation in<br />students of class X IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi. 2) there is<br />improvement of mathematics learning outcomes through cooperative<br />learning model type of gruop investigation in students of class X<br />IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Media iMindMap7 pada Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe STAD (Studi tentang Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI-IPA 1 MAN 2 Model Makassar pada Materi Pokok Laju Reaksi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mutmainnah Syam ◽  
Muhammad Jasri Djangi ◽  
Muhammad Danial
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK          Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra-eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA 1 di MAN 2 Model Makassar yang dibelajarkan melalui penggunaan media iMindMap pada model pembelajaran koopertaif tipe STAD. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah media iMindMap pada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah hasil belajar dengan aktivitas siswa pada materi pokok laju reaksi. Subjek penelitan adalah kelas IX IPA 1 yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Pengambilan data hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan lembar observasi dan pemberian Tes Hasil Belajar (THB) sebanyak 20 nomor yang telah divalidasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan N-gain. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa sebelum dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran iMindMap pada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD adalah 35,66 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 8,78 dan setelah dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran iMindMap pada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD adalah 78,33 dengan standar deviasi 8,23. Berdasarkan hasil analisis N-Gain diperoleh peningkatan gain sebesar 35%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas dan hasil belajar setelah dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media iMindMap pada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD kelas XI IPA 1 MAN 2 Model Makassar mengalami peningkatan.Kata Kunci: iMindMap, STAD, hasil belajar, aktivitas ABSTRACTThis study is a pre-experimental research that aims to determine learning outcomes of XI Exact 1 Students in MAN 2 Model Makassar that has been studied among used iMindMap media in Cooperative Learning Model type STAD. The iMindMap media in Cooperative Learning Model type STAD as independent variables and the study result with the activity of the students on reaction velocity as a dependent variabel. The subject in this research is all students of XI Exact 1 Class MAN 2 Model Makassar that consist of 30 students. One Group Pretest-Posttest Design is a design that used in this research. The data was collected by observation sheet and by giving 20 validated tems of study result test. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis and N-gain. The result of descriptive analysis show the mean score of study result before studied with use iMindMap Media in Cooperative Learning Model type STAD is 35,66 with deviation standar 8,78 and has been studied with use iMindMap Media in Cooperative Learning Model type STAD is 78,33 with deviation standar 8,23. Base on N-Gain analysis show the gain is 35%. It is means that the used of iMindMap Media in Cooperative Learning Model Type STAD XI Exact 1 Class MAN 2 Model Makassar increased.Keywords : iMindMap, STAD, study result, activity

scholarly journals Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes in Theme 3 Sub-theme 3 by Using Cooperative Learning Learning Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Tri Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Improve Student Learning

<em>The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes on theme 3 sub-theme 3 in grade III elementary schools with cooperative learning strategies. The research conducted was a Classroom Action Research (CAR) in three cycles, with each cycle consisting of one meeting. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. Each meeting is conducted with a formative test to determine the development of students. In the first cycle students who completed after carrying out the formative test were 53.1%. In cycle II students who completed after carrying out the formative test were 81.25%. In the third cycle students who completed after carrying out the formative test were 87.5%. These results indicate that the cooperative learning strategy can improve student learning outcomes, especially the subject matter of the theme 3 sub-themes 3 Class III at Wijayakusuma Private Elementary School.</em>

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGATION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X IPA 1 MAN 2 BANYUWANGI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haridi Haridi
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Model Type ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Motivation And Learning ◽  
Academic Year

Based on preliminary study, it is known that the students of class X<br />IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi have problems in the learning process of<br />mathematics. Therefore, teachers need to seek solutions. The<br />teacher's efforts include applying cooperative learning model of<br />Group investigation type. This study aims to determine: 1) Increased<br />motivation and learning activities of mathematics through<br />cooperative learning model type of gruop investigation on students<br />class X IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi. 2) improving mathematics<br />learning outcomes through cooperative learning model type of gruop<br />investigation on students class X IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi. This<br />research is a classroom action research conducted on the subject of<br />Mathematics. Subjects in the meticulous are students of Class X IPA<br />1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi academic year 2017/2018. The research<br />procedure consists of two cycles for 4 meetings. Each cycle is<br />carried out with activities: Planning, Action Implementation,<br />Observation, Evaluation, Reflection. Analytical technique that will<br />be used is descriptive technique. The results showed: 1) there is an<br />increase in motivation and learning activities of mathematics<br />through cooperative learning model type of gruop investigation in<br />students of class X IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi. 2) there is<br />improvement of mathematics learning outcomes through cooperative<br />learning model type of gruop investigation in students of class X<br />IPA 1 MAN 2 Banyuwangi.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PETA KONSEP MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TPS SEBAGAI COGNITIVE DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT (CDA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Sussi Widiastuti ◽  
Leny Yuanita ◽  
Wasis Wasis
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
The Subject

The objective this research is to implement a concept maps as a learning strategy and Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) using TPS’ Cooperative Learning Model. The subject of this research were X TITL 1, X TKJ 2, and X TKR 4 of SMK 1 Kediri on the subject of chemical reactions with One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The implementation of lesson plan is well categorized, the most dominant student activity is working in pairs, there is the changing of students’ concept understanding level. The value of the correlation between the score of concept maps and learning outcomes is 0.7, it can be interpreted that the higher score in the concept map, the higher of learning outcomes. It can be concluded that concept maps can implement  using  TPS’ cooperative learning model as a learning strategies and  Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA).Penelitian ini bertujuan   mengimplementasikan peta konsep menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif TPS sebagai strategi belajar dan Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA). Subyek penelitian ini adalah kelas X TITL 1, X TKJ 2, dan X TKR 4 SMKN 1 Kediri  pokok  bahasan  Reaksi  Kimia  dengan  rancangan  penelitian  One Group  Pretest-Posttest  design.  Temuan hasil penelitian yakni keterlaksanaan RPP berkategori baik, aktivitas siswa yang dominan ad alah bekerja berpasangan, adanya perubahan tingkat pemahaman konsep siswa. Nilai korelasi antara skor peta konsep dan nilai hasil belajar lebih dari 0,7, dapat  disimpulkan semakin tinggi skor peta konsep semakin tinggi pula nilai hasil belajar.   Disimpulan bahwa peta konsep dapat diimplementasikan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif TPS Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA).

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