scholarly journals Particle size partitioning of metals in humus horizons of two small erosional landforms in the middle Protva basin – a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Samonova ◽  
Elena N. Aseyeva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Fine Silt ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Humus Horizons

Partitioning of metals in soil particles of various size classes has been receiving greater significance due to the necessity to predict the behaviour and pathways of the potentially toxic elements in the environment. In this study the analysis of metals’ distribution in various particle size fractions was performed to characterize and compare geochemical features of the topsoil horizons of two small erosional landforms located in uncontaminated area of the central part of European Russia (the Middle Protva basin, mixed forest zone). The landforms represent two typical lithological types of gullies in the study area. Soil samples were fractionated and the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ti, Zr, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb were determined in five particle size fractions: 1–0.25, 0.25-0.05, 0.05−0.01, 0.01–0.001 and <0.001 mm. The metals’ concentrations and their distribution in various particle sizes were found to be related to gully litho-type. The contribution of the clay to the total amount of metals was the greatest for Mn, Zn, Ni and Co in both systems. The highest mass loading for Ti, Zr and Cr came from the coarse silt, while for Cu and Pb it was made by different particle size fractions: the medium and fine silt or the coarse silt. The highest contribution of Fe also came from different fractions, either from the coarse sand or the clay depending on the system.

X-ray diffraction measurement of the quartz content of clay and silt fractions in soils

Clay Minerals ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Fine Quartz

AbstractAn XRD method for measurement of quartz content using ZnO as the internal standard was tested on different particle sizes between 0 and 20 µm. Calibration curves showed a good correlation coefficient for particle-size fractions up to 20 µm; the slope increased for the fractions from 0·7 to 5 µm and was relatively constant for coarser particle sizes. Fine quartz fractions were etched with hydrofluoric acid to remove the surface layer damaged during dry grinding. The use of such etched quartz increased the slopes of the calibration curves for small particle-size fractions and approximated the natural fine quartz fraction much better than the original dry-ground material. The mean of six measurements gave good accuracy provided that the slope of the calibration curve was adjusted for the particular particle-size fraction. This method was used on 0–2 µm, 0–0·2µm and 0·2–2 µm fractions of French silty soils and the results are in agreement with the data from chemical analysis and with the mineralogical interpretation.

scholarly journals Modeling of Permanent Wilting from Particle Size Fractions of Coastal Plain Sands Soils in Southeastern Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Innocent Obi ◽  
Jude C. Obi ◽  
Emmanuel U. Onweremadu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Wilting Point

Permanent wilting points in soils have been found to correlate significantly with particle size fractions. This study was conducted to establish functional relationship between soil particle size fractions and permanent wilting point of soils of coastal plain sands in southeastern Nigeria. A total of 102 surface samples were collected from three different dominantly Ultisols toposequences (i.e., 34 samples from each). Permanent wilting point experiment was carried out in pots with the 102 samples in the greenhouse while the particle size analysis was carried out in the laboratory. There was significant correlation among the textural separates, permanent wilting point correlated significantly with clay (, ). The general linear model showed significant differences between permanent wilting point of soils found in the upper and lower slope positions. Regression equation established that 54% of the total variation in permanent wilting point could be accounted for by the clay and coarse sand content of the soils. Prediction of permanent wilting point of Ultisols formed on coastal plain sands soils of humid tropical southeastern Nigeria will effectively depend on reliability of determination of clay and coarse sand contents of the soils.

scholarly journals Dust Particle Size and Statistical Parameters

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-93
Author(s):  
Noor Al-Dousari ◽  
Modi Ahmed ◽  
Ali Al-Dousari ◽  
Musaad Al-Daihani ◽  
Murahib Al-Elaj
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Fine Silt

AbstractGrain ‘size’ can be specified and measured in several different ways. All methods of grain size determination have blemishes, and the choice of the most appropriate method is governed by the nature of the sample and the use to which the data are placed. Four main methods are currently used for size analysis of sands: (a) sieving; (b) settling tube analysis; (c) electro-optical methods, including Coulter Counter analysis and laser granulometry; and (d) computerized image analysis. The classification of the particle size distribution of Kuwait dust was mapped according to the parameters proposed by Folk And Ward (1957) which were widely used for quantitative comparisons between natural grain size distribution and the lognormal distribution that shows better sorted sediments have lower values of σ1. Maps of the distribution of dust in Kuwait were obtained that included: fine sand (F.S.), Coarse sand (C.S), Medium Sand (M.S), Very Fine Sane (V.F.S), Very Coarse Silt (V.C.Silt), Coarse Silt (C.Silt), Medium Silt (M.Silt), Fine Silt (F.Silt), Very Fine Silt (V.F.Silt), in addition to that, the deposition percentage of Clay, Sand, mud (silt plus clay) and silt were provided.

Long-term fertilization effects on carbon and nitrogen in particle-size fractions of a Chinese Mollisol

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yan ◽  
H. He ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
H. Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilization Effects

Yan, Y., He, H., Zhang, X., Chen, Y., Xie, H., Bai, Z., Zhu, P., Ren, J. and Wang, L. 2012. Long-term fertilization effects on carbon and nitrogen in particle-size fractions of a Chinese Mollisol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 509–519. The response of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics to long-term fertilization may be deduced from changes in the accumulation and distribution of different soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) pools. The SOC and N in particle-size fractions were therefore measured to assess the influences of pig manure and synthetic fertilizer application on the characteristics of these pools. A long-term fertilization experiment, established in 1979 in the Mollisol area (Gongzhuling, China) was used for this study. Composite soil samples (0–20cm) were collected in 2005 from 12 treatment plots that had received annual applications of pig manure, synthetic fertilizers or combinations of both. Soils were fractionated into fine clay (<0.2 µm), coarse clay (0.2–2 µm), silt (2–50 µm), fine sand (50–250 µm) and coarse sand (250–2000 µm) and then SOC and N contents in each particle-size fraction were measured. Although most of the SOC and N were associated with clay and silt fractions, the large proportion of silt in the soil mass played a key role in the retention of SOC and N. The application of pig manure alone increased accumulation of SOC and N in each particle-size fraction, but preferential enrichment was found in the coarse sand fraction. This indicates that pig manure is efficient in restoring SOM in the temperate Chinese Mollisol under a tilled maize (Zea mays L.) monocropping system and having a long frozen period in winter. The application of synthetic fertilizers had no clear effect on SOC and N accumulation or their distribution in particle-size fractions. However, the combined application of pig manure and synthetic fertilizers enhanced the accumulation of SOC and N in all particle-size fractions, and led to a shift of SOC and N from fine to coarse particles. We extended the hierarchy model for SOC protection to consider a shift in SOC accumulation from fine to coarse particles, depending on the initial SOC content of the specific soil. The findings reveal a clear positive interaction between pig manure and synthetic fertilizers that may improve the quantity of SOM in the temperate Chinese Mollisol.

scholarly journals PROBABILITY OF PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS OCCURRENCE IN DIFFERENT LANDFORMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Samuel Assis Silva ◽  
Daniel Pena Pereira ◽  
Marcelo Soares Altoé
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Indicator Kriging ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Probability Of Occurrence ◽  
Present Pattern

Knowing the variation of particle-size fractions, considering the relief forms, contributes for understanding the variation of other soil attributes. This work aimed to study the spatial distribution of the probability of particle-size fractions occurrence (clay, silt, very fine sand, fine sand, coarse sand, and total sand) in a clayey Oxisol with predominance of concave and convex curvatures. A sampling grid with 94 sampling points in 33x33m spacing at a depth of 0–0.20 m was built using a GPS. The spatial analysis was performed through indicator kriging. The spherical model was fit for all soil fractions, with ranges varying from 130 m to 280 m. In the region of convex curvature, the clay fraction presented the highest probability of occurrence (0.75 to 1.00), whereas in the concave region the coarse sand and total sand fractions presented the highest probability of occurrence. The very fine sand fraction and the silt did not present pattern of distribution in relation to the dominant curvatures of the relief.

scholarly journals Total mercury distribution among soil aggregate size fractions in a temperate forest podzol

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antía Gómez Armesto ◽  
Lucía Bibián-Núñez ◽  
Claudia Campillo-Cora ◽  
Xabier Pontevedra-Pombal ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Fine Silt ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Total Hg ◽  
Sand Size

This study determined the distribution of total Hg (Hg<sub>T</sub>) among aggregate size fractions in the A, E, Bh and Bs horizons of a representative temperate forest podzol. The aggregate distribution was dominated by the coarse sand size fraction (average of 55%) followed by fine sand (29%), fine silt (10%), coarse silt (4%) and clay (2%). In general, Hg<sub>T</sub> mean values increased as the aggregate size become smaller: clay (170 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) &gt; fine silt (130 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) &gt; coarse silt (80 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) &gt; fine sand (32 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) &gt; coarse sand (14 ng g<sup>-1</sup>). Total Hg enrichment in clay-sized aggregates ranged from 2 to 11 times higher than the values shown by the bulk soil (&lt; 2 mm). The accumulation of Hg<sub>T</sub> in the finer size aggregates was closely related to total organic C, Na-pyrophosphate extracted C, metal (Al, Fe)-humus complexes and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides. Indeed, these parameters varied significantly (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05) with the aggregate size and their highest values were found in the finer fractions. This suggested the role of these soil compounds in the increase of the specific surface area per mass unit and negative charges in the smallest aggregates, favouring Hg retention. Mercury accumulation factor (Hg<sub>AF</sub>) values reached up to 10.8 in the clay size aggregates, being close to 1 in sand size fractions. Regarding Hg enrichment factors (Hg<sub>EF</sub>), they were &lt; 4 (“moderate pollution” category) in most of the horizons and aggregate sizes. Grain size mass loading (GSF<sub>Hg</sub>) revealed that finer fractions had a higher Hg loading than their mass fractions, with a notable contribution of fine silt which made up &gt; 50% of Hg<sub>T</sub> in Bh and Bs horizons. The potential ecological risk index (PERI<sub>Hg</sub>) increased as the aggregate size decreased, with the highest values in the illuvial horizons (45-903) and lowest in the E horizon (3-363). Heterogeneous distribution of Hg in the soil aggregate size fractions must be considered for Hg determination for purposes such as critical loads, background values or environmental risk indices. In addition, Hg accumulation in finer aggregates could be of concern due to its potential mobility in forest soils, either transferred by leaching to groundwater and freshwaters or mobilized by runoff in surface horizons.

scholarly journals Extractable zinc in particle size fractions of soils from Western-Australia and Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Armour ◽  
GSP Ritchie ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Zn Content

The zinc (Zn) content of particle size fractions of 12 mainly Zn deficient soils was measured by extraction with three contrasting extractants. The soils, which ranged from sands to a black earth, were from Western Australia and Queensland and particle size fractions (clay, silt, fine sand, coarse sand) were obtained by sieving and sedimentation after ultrasonification of soil suspended in deionized water. The extractants were concentrated HNO3/H2SO4/HClO4 (acid extractable or AE-Zn), DTPA and 0.002 M CaCl2. For each extractant, Zn contents of the fractions and whole soils were correlated with organic carbon and ammonium oxalate extractable Fe and Al. The AE-Zn concentrations in whole soils were 0.6-132 mg kg-1 and high clay soils had higher concentrations (mean 54 mg kg-1) than low clay soils (mean 2 mg kg-1). After fractionation, lowest AE- and DTPA-Zn were found in coarse sand fractions and concentrations increased with decreasing particle size. Clay plus silt fractions contained 60-99% of the whole soil AE-Zn and 76-93% of the whole soil DTPA-Zn. The CaCl2-Zn concentrations were very low (<5.0 �g kg-1) for all soils. In whole soils, DTPA-Zn was only a small proportion, 3.2% and 1.8%, of the AE-Zn in the low clay and high clay soils, respectively. The CaCl2-Zn was generally less than 2% of the DTPA-Zn in whole soils. In whole soils, AE-Zn was correlated with oxalate extractable Fe and with oxalate A1 (r = 0.72 and 0.71, respectively; P <0.01), whereas DTPA-Zn was correlated with oxalate extractable Fe (r = 0.82; P < 0.01). The AE- and DTPA-Zn were correlated with organic carbon only in some fractions. The DTPA- and CaCl2-Zn were not correlated with AE-Zn content, nor was DPTA-Zn correlated with CaCl2-Zn in whole soils or fractions (P<0.05). Dispersion of the soils with ultrasonification in the absence of dispersing agents was not as effective as dispersion with conventional mechanical/chemical dispersion. The percentage of the soil recovered in the clay fraction after sonification was 23-78% of that recovered by the conventional method. Fine and coarse sand contents were similar for either method, indicating that incomplete dispersion of clay by ultrasonification resulted in higher silt contents.

Digital soil mapping of compositional particle-size fractions using proximal and remotely sensed ancillary data

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. WB201-WB211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Buchanan ◽  
J. Triantafilis ◽  
I. O. A. Odeh ◽  
R. Subansinghe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Digital Soil Mapping ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Log Ratio

The soil particle-size fractions (PSFs) are one of the most important attributes to influence soil physical (e.g., soil hydraulic properties) and chemical (e.g., cation exchange) processes. There is an increasing need, therefore, for high-resolution digital prediction of PSFs to improve our ability to manage agricultural land. Consequently, use of ancillary data to make cheaper high-resolution predictions of soil properties is becoming popular. This approach is known as “digital soil mapping.” However, most commonly employed techniques (e.g., multiple linear regression or MLR) do not consider the special requirements of a regionalized composition, namely PSF; (1) should be nonnegative (2) should sum to a constant at each location, and (3) estimation should be constrained to produce an unbiased estimation, to avoid false interpretation. Previous studies have shown that the use of the additive log-ratio transformation (ALR) is an appropriate technique to meet the requirements of a composition. In this study, we investigated the use of ancillary data (i.e., electromagnetic (EM), gamma-ray spectrometry, Landsat TM, and a digital elevation model to predict soil PSF using MLR and generalized additive models (GAM) in a standard form and with an ALR transformation applied to the optimal method (GAM-ALR). The results show that the use of ancillary data improved prediction precision by around 30% for clay, 30% for sand, and 7% for silt for all techniques (MLR, GAM, and GAM-ALR) when compared to ordinary kriging. However, the ALR technique had the advantage of adhering to the special requirements of a composition, with all predicted values nonnegative and PSFs summing to unity at each prediction point and giving more accurate textural prediction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document