scholarly journals Influence Of Quarantine Measures Against The New Coronavirus Infection Covid-19 On The State Of Black Sea Coastal Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael S. Arakelov ◽  
Dmitry A. Lipilin ◽  
Alina V. Dolgova-Shkhalakhova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
The State ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Proportional Decrease

The Black Sea is one of the main recreational facilities in Russia subject to a high annual anthropogenic stress. Anthropogenic activity led to high coastal sea waters pollution, eutrophy, and endangered the sea’s self-purification capabilities. The total quarantine introduced on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar territory associated with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in anthropogenic pressure on coastal ecosystems and provided a unique opportunity to trace the dynamics of the most important hydrochemical indicators of coastal waters in the Tuapse district. The study aimed to characterize the impact of quarantine measures against the coronavirus on the state of coastal waters in the eastern part of the Russian Black Sea. For this, we identified and characterized the hydrochemical indicators and determined the effect of quarantine measures on their dynamics. The study used the standardized methods. The results obtained showed that a decrease in the recreational stress led to a proportional decrease in the pollutants supply to coastal sea waters; with the recreational stress resumption the concentrations of mobile pollutants tended to increase; a proportional relationship was established between biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ) and the ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) concentration; the nitrates’ (NO3–) concentration, in the seawater did not depend on the recreational stress degree. In particular, a proportional increase in NH4+ concentration and BOD5 in seawater was detected: in the third quarter of 2019 the concentration of NH4+ and BOD5 amounted to 3.0 mg/dm3 and 8.5 mg/dm3 , and 3.8 mg/dm3 and 7.5 mg/dm3 in the fourth quarter, respectively; in the 2020 samples, a decrease in the NH4+ concentration to 0.8 mg/dm3 in the third and to 1.2 mg/dm3 in the fourth quarter led to a proportional decrease in BOD5 4.5 mg/dm3 and 3.9 mg/dm3 , respectively. Thus, it was shown that the quarantine measures were shown to have a positive effect on the processes of self-purification of coastal sea waters in recreational zones.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF THE BLACK SEA COASTAL WATERS BY BIOINDICATION METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Baeva ◽  
◽  
N. A. Chernykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The State ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Local Source ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Bioindication Methods

Introduction. Using bioindication methods, the authors assessed the environmental state of water at the place where the Hadzhiyska River flows into the Black Sea (Slanchev Bryag / Sunny Beach resort, Bulgaria). Methods. The studies were carried out in the summer seasons of 2017–2019 during sea water “blooming”. The quality of river water was assessed by the state of the community of zoobenthic organisms using the Trent biotic index originally developed by Woodiwiss and the Mayer index, and the state of the coastal marine ecosystem was assessed by the species composition of the Black Sea macroalgae. Results. The waters at the mouth of the Hadzhiyska River can be classified as “polluted” and represent the main local source of biogenic elements entering the coastal sea waters. In the marine macrophytobenthos, representatives of green, brown and red algae were identified, including two species listed in the Red Book of the Black Sea — Cystoseira barbata and Zostera marina. The authors noted a displacement of native species — representatives of Cystoseira and Zostera genera — due to an increase in the number of associated algae from Ceramium, Cladophora and Ulva genera, which confirms organic pollution and eutrophication in coastal waters. The taxonomic structure of the macrophytes allows for the conclusion that the environmental state of the marine ecosystem in the area is satisfactory. The authors also provide a rationale for the use of benthic organisms in the express diagnostics of water environment quality in resort areas.

scholarly journals Current level of oil hydrocarbons in Russian coastal waters of the Black Sea and and Azov Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
O. A. Mironov ◽  
O. G. Mironov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons

Aim. Currently, oil pollution remains one of the primary pollutants of the marine environment. This is especially true for the Black Sea and Azov Sea which experience significant anthropogenic pressure. The study presents the results of two-year monitoring studies of the content of oil hydrocarbons in the surface and bottom horizons of the coastal waters of the Azov-Black Sea regions of Russia.Materials and Methods. The determination of oil hydrocarbons was conducted by infrared spectrometry using a FSM-1201 Fourier spectrophotometer with preliminary transmission of the extracts through a chromatographic column with aluminum oxide. The work was carried out as part of five scientific expeditions (93th, 96th, 100th, 102nd and 105th) of the research vessel, Professor Vodyanitsky, in 2017 and 2018.Results. The general environmental status for this pollutant is characterized as stable, despite in some cases being 3 to 4 times in excess of established standards (MPC). Separate foci of localized oil pollution have been identified and vulnerable areas of the sea coast of southern Russia have been identified. An excess content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface layer compared to the bottom layer was noted, which indicates a surface path of entry of petroleum products into sea water.Conclusion. Currently, the coastal waters of the western part of Crimea are most affected by oil, primarily associated with the runoff of European rivers and the peculiarities of the marine hydrological regime, including the Kerch Strait, an area of heavy shipping traffic. The Caucasian coast is less affected by oil pollution than the Crimean. Despite the fact that currently the content of oil hydrocarbons in sea water is far from the quantities dangerous to humans and aquatic organisms, monitoring of this indicator is vital due to the increasing anthropogenic pressure on the recreational zones of the Crimean and Caucasian coasts of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton Growth Rate and Microzooplankton Grazing under Conditions of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Pollution in the Coastal Waters of the Black Sea (Sevastopol Region)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3230
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Stelmakh ◽  
Nelya Kovrigina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Nutrition Quality ◽  
Microzooplankton Grazing

In the coastal waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol, a gradual temperature elevation and an increase in anthropogenic pressure since the early 2000s have caused significant structural and functional changes in phytoplankton. Currently, there is a significant decrease in the contribution of small diatom species (Skeletonema sp. and Chaetoceros socialis H.S.Lauder as well as coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) W.W.Hay and H.P.Mohler) to the total phytoplankton biomass in these waters. Previously these species caused regular weak blooms. In the warm periods (from May to October), during which the main phytoplankton biomass is formed, large diatom species Pseudosolenia calcar-avis (Schultze) B.G.Sundström, 1986, Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström and dinoflagellates predominate. Therefore, the maximum values of the phytoplankton community’s specific growth rate are about two times lower than in the preceding periods and do not exceed 1.10–1.40 day−1. There was also a decrease observed in the microzooplankton grazing rate, which, during the year, was no higher than 0.70–1.20 day−1. This is primarily conditioned by the increased role of large algae in phytoplankton, which means a decline in nutrition quality for microzooplankton. As a result of the joint influence of nutrition quality and water pollution, the relative share of net primary production consumed by microzooplankton in the warm periods of the year averaged only 32%, which is two times lower than the average values generally accepted for marine ecosystems. This means that the transfer of matter and energy from phytoplankton to higher trophic levels is significantly decreased.

Condition of the Pelagic Fish Spawn in Coastal Waters of the Black Sea near Sevastopol

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Gordina ◽  
V. G. Tsytsugina ◽  
Ye. I. Ovsyaniy ◽  
A. S. Romanov ◽  
R.B. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fish Spawn

Regularities of Changes of the Bioluminescence Field in the Black Sea Coastal Waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. B. Mel'nikova ◽  
Yu. N. Tokarev ◽  
N. V. Burmistrova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
The Black Sea

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED METHANE IN SURFACE COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Egorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Continental Runoff

Studying of methane formation and distribution in natural waters is important for understanding of biogeochemical processes of carbon cycle, searching for oil and gas sections and evaluation of CH4 emissions for investigations of greenhouse effect. The Black Sea is the largest methane water body on our planet. However, relatively low values of methane concentration (closed to equilibrium with the atmospheric air) are typical of the upper aerobic layer. At the same time, the distribution pattern of CH4 in surface waters of coastal areas is complicated by the influence of coastal biological productivity, continental runoff, bottom sources, hydrodynamic processes and anthropogenic effect. The investigation is focused on the spatial variability of dissolved methane in the surface layer of the sea in coastal regions affected by the continental runoff and anthropogenic pressure. Unique in situ data on methane concentrations were collected along the ship track on 2 sections between Sochi and Gelendzhik (2013, 2014) and 2 sections between Gelendzhik and Feodosia (2015). Overall 170 samples were obtained. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the samples revealed increase of CH4 saturation in the southeastern part of the Crimean shelf and the Kerch Strait area. Such a pattern was apparently caused by the influence of the Azov Sea water spread westward along the Crimean shore from the strait. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 14-50-00095 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project 16-35-00156 mol_a.

SITE-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR COASTAL SEA AREAS AND INLAND WATER BODIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Sea

This article presents a new method of laboratory density determination and construction equations of state for marine waters with various ionic compositions and salinities was developed. The validation of the method was performed using the Ocean Standard Seawater and the UNESCO thermodynamic equation of state (EOS-80). Density measurements of water samples from the Aral Sea, the Black Sea and the Issyk-Kul Lake were performed using a high-precision laboratory density meter. The obtained results were compared with the density values calculated for the considered water samples by the EOS-80 equation. It was shown that difference in ionic composition between Standard Seawater and the considered water bodies results in significant inaccuracies in determination of water density using the EOS-80 equation. Basing on the laboratory measurements of density under various salinity and temperature values we constructed a new equation of state for the Aral Sea and the Black Sea water samples and estimated errors for their coefficients.

Oithona davisae: naturalization in the Black sea, inter-annual and seasonal dynamics, effect on the structure of the planktonic copepod community

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1015
Author(s):  
A. D. Gubanova ◽  
O. A. Garbazey ◽  
D. A. Altukhov ◽  
V. S. Mukhanov ◽  
E. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Copepod Community ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
Sevastopol Bay

Long-term (20032014) routine observations of zooplankton in Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea) have allowed the naturalization of the invasive copepod Oithona davisae to be studied in the Black Sea coastal waters. Inter-annual and seasonal variability of the species and their impact on the native copepod community have been analyzed. The invasion of O. davisae and their undoubted dominance in terms of abundance were shown to alter the community structure but, at the same time, the abundances of the native species did not decrease, excepting the Black Sea earlier invader Acartia tonsa. A significant decline in A. tonsa numbers over the stages of O. davisae establishment and naturalization provided evidence of competition between the species. O. davisae have been demonstrated to gain competitive advantage over A. tonsa, that ensured their fast dispersal in the Black Sea, acclimatization in the new habitat and the successful competition over native species.

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