scholarly journals DERMATOGLYPHICS AS ONE OF THE METHODS OF PREDICTING THE PROPOSITION TO ILLEGAL ACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Halyna Myroslavivna Zelenchuk ◽  
Natalia Mykolayivna Kozan ◽  
Volodymyr Myroslavovych Voloshinovych ◽  
Valeriya Oleksandrivna Chadyuk
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Action

Illegal Markets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate Mayntz
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Illegal Markets ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Action Systems ◽  
Illegal Action

The study of illegal markets needs to distinguish illegality from legality, and to relate both to legitimacy. There is no conceptual ambiguity about the distinction between legal and illegal if legality is formally defined. In practice, (formal) legality and (social) legitimacy can diverge: illegal markets are empirically related to organized crime, mafia, and even terrorist organizations, and they interact both with legal markets and the forces of state order. Where legal and illegal action systems are not separated by clear social boundaries, they are connected by what has come to be called “interfaces”: actors moving between a legal and an illegal world, and grey zones of actions that are neither clearly legal or illegal, nor clearly legitimate or illegitimate. Interfaces facilitate interaction between legal and illegal action systems, but they are also sources of tension and can lead to institutional change.

Frontier justice: international law and ‘lawless’ spaces in the “War on Terror”

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-659
Author(s):  
Alexandria J Nylen
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
State Violence ◽  
White House ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
Drone Strikes ◽  
Conducive Environment ◽  
Illegal Action

How does the discourse of international law facilitate extraterritorial state violence? This paper synthesizes insights from International Relations, comparative politics, and legal studies in order to explore how the sovereign foundations of international law may render “frontier territories” exceptionally vulnerable to external military intervention. I argue that international law’s focus on sovereignty constitutes frontier territories as “ambiguous,” which leads to discursive conflicts over how to define these spaces, what is considered “legal” and “illegal” action within them, and who gets to define their status. All of this creates a conducive environment for powerful international governments to denigrate frontier territories as “lawless,” by rhetorically constructing them as exceptional legal spaces that do not deserve the same protections as areas ordered by sovereign ideals. To illuminate this empirically, I conduct a discourse analysis of 16 distinct legal documents from the Obama White House, including internal memorandums and public speeches on the legal standing of drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FRAUD TRIANGLE ON DETECTING FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENT: USING BENEISH MODEL AND THE CASE OF SPECIAL COMPANIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Aprillia Aprillia ◽  
Orlin Cicilia ◽  
Rafaela Pertiwi Sergius
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Financial Statement Fraud ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Total Accrual ◽  
Illegal Action

Fraudulent financial statement is a serious problem and to be a threat to stakeholders, especially for investor. The thing is happened because there is illegal action done intentionally, such as disclosing financial information that doesn’t match with the real condition. The purpose of this research is to acquire a effectiveness of empirical proof of fraud triangle consisting of Pressure, Opportunity, and Rationalization in detecting financial statement fraud that are indicated by using Beneish Model. The sample of this research consists of 39 companies are indicated doing fraud and 57 companies aren’t indicated doing fraud listing at BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia) in 2012 – 2014. Test of this research uses logistic regression method. Based on the result and conclusion, this research shows that opportunity (independent commissioner ownership) has significant effect to fraudulent financial statement while pressure (AGROW), financial target (ROA), and rationalization (Total accrual) don’t have significant effect to fraudulent financial statement.

Daring More Democracy? Internal Security and the Social Democratic Fight against West German Terrorism

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karrin Hanshew
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Society ◽  
German Population ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Red Army Faction ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Illegal Action

Over the course of the 1970s, West Germans fought one another in an attempt to defend democracy. Frustrated with the seemingly ineffectual speeches and demonstrations of the 1960s protest movements, militant groups such as the Red Army Faction (RAF), June 2ndMovement, and the Red Cells took up arms. They declared war on the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) for its failure to rid itself of the vestiges of fascism, for its hierarchical-authoritarian structure, and for the abuses of western consumer society. Inspired by national liberation movements in the formerly colonized world, the groups aimed both to raise revolutionary consciousness among the West German population and to demonstrate the state's vulnerability through illegal action. The RAF, in particular, stressed the importance of violence as a simultaneous act of emancipation and defense—the latter understood as counterviolence necessitated by state-initiated violence. The repeated violation of norms would, its members argued, undermine Germans' traditional “habit of obedience” and, at the same time, force the state to reveal openly its fascism. These tough-love tactics, in short, aimed to save West Germans from themselves and thereby save German democracy.

scholarly journals �Selamat Datang Perang Dingin!� Kepentingan Rusia Di Krimea Dan Ukraina Timur Dan Ketegangan Hubungan Dengan Barat

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The West ◽  
Crimea Peninsula ◽  
Illegal Action

AbstrakPaper ini berupaya memahami memburuknya hubungan antara Rusia dan Barat (Uni Eropa danAmerika Serikat) terkait dengan dengan Ukraina. Yang akan menjadi fokus pembahasan adalahmengapa Rusia melakukan anekasi semenajung Krimea dan melakukan intervensi di Ukraina Timur.Inti argumennya adalah bahwa, pertama, aksi aneksasi Rusia sebenarnya adalah hal yang bisadipahami sebagai puncak reaksi terhadap aksi ekspansi masif pengaruh Barat ke Eropa Timur sejakberakhirnya Perang Dingin. Ukraina hanyalah salah satu sisa-sisa dan benteng akhir mitra Rusia diEropa Timur. Kejatuhan tragis presiden Viktor Janukovych yang pro-Rusia di negara tersebut hanyalahmenjadi faktor pemicu bagi tindakan petualangan Rusia. Kedua, sejauh mana efektivitas respons ataureaksi Barat yang berupa sanksi ekonomi dan diplomatik negara-negara Barat atas Rusia belum bisadipastikan. Bagi Barat, upaya mengendalikan aksi �illegal� Rusia sangat dilematis mengingat Rusiaadalah negara great power. Serangkian aksi Rusia sangat mengkawatirkan Barat dan telah memicuketegangan serius, yakni, �Perang Dingin Baru� yang tak terelakkan Kata-kata Kunci: Rusia, Barat, Ukraina, Krimea, Ukraina Timur, Perang Dingin AbstractThis paper attempts to explain the worsening relationship between Russia and the West (EuropeanUnion and the United States) related to Ukraine issue. The focus of the discussion is to elaborate whyRussia carried out an annexation of Crimea peninsula and intervention in the Eastern Ukraine. Themain argument of the paper consists of two points; firstly, annexation by Russia is a peak of reactionsagainst massive expansion of the Western to Eastern Europe since the end of Cold War. Ukraine wasthe last standing partner of Russia in the Eastern Europe. The tragic fall of Victor Janukovych whichwas pro-Russia in the country was only a trigger to Russia�s action. Secondly, the extent of effectivityof response or reaction from the West, for example the economic and diplomatic sanction of Westercountries to Russia is still uncertain. For the West, the attempts to control the �illegal� action of Russiais found to be a dillematic issue considering that Russia is one of the great powers. This worrisomeaction by Russia has led to a sirious tension, namely �a New Cold War�. Keywords: Rusia, West, Ukraine, Crimea, East Ukraine, Cold War

scholarly journals Study on the role of the accident statistics in the design of coal mine safety signs

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Jiang Wei ◽  
Xiang Yuan-chi
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Coal Mine Safety ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Pressing Operation ◽  
Mine Accident ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
Accident Statistics ◽  
Illegal Action

Accident statistics is an important basis in designing coal mine safety signs. In this paper, we study the process and feasibility for accident statistics as the design basis of the coal mine enterprise safety signs. This paper comes into a conclusion of unsafe actions which cause the accident can be divided into two categories: illegal action and error action. Illegal action could be subdivided into habitual illegal action and accident illegal action, while error action could be subdivided action into skills, decisionmaking and physiological perceptual action. In this paper, we specifically analyze five coal mine accident cases as examples, in order to conclude unsafe actions and unsafe states in every case. Specifically, unsafe acts are: bolt pretightening does not reach the designated position, sitting on the belt, no remote operating point column, maintenance without power cuts and operating under pressure. In addition, these unsafe acts lead to relative unsafe states, which are insufficient bolt pressure, point column instability, machine charging electricity and hydraulic pipe under pressure? Finally, these unsafe states become causations of accidents. Based on statistical analysis, we found out illegal actions of coal mine accident cases and specifically designed five safety signs, which are ‘bolt must be preloaded in place’, ‘be careful of the column’, ‘ban to sit on belts’, ‘forbidden pressing operation’ and ‘maintenance must be power outages’.

scholarly journals MOTIVATION-INTELLECTUAL FACTORS OF A PERSON’S ILLEGAL ACTION

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
B. A. Gunzunova ◽  
◽  
S. V. Astrakhantsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Action

The Legal Nature of War Crimes and the Problem of Superior Command

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208
Author(s):  
Jacob Berger
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Illegal Action

One of the most crucial and controversial questions in the field of international criminal justice is that of whether “superior command” is a good defense in a war-crime trial. The answer is of cardinal importance, since trials of war criminals may prove entirely useless if accused persons are permitted simply to pass on the responsibility for their acts to their superiors. The line would lead straight to the omnipotent leader, who might choose to escape prosecution altogether by putting an end to his life. Opinions of writers on the subject are divided, and so are court decisions, war manuals, and legislative provisions. While the American and British war manuals, backed by Oppenheim's authority, recognize “superior command” as a full defense, Anglo-American practice, expressed in numerous decisions and supported by many authorities, refuses to ascribe to it any exculpating effect. Some theories recognize “superior command” as a defense to a limited extent only, dependent upon whether the subordinate actually knew, or had reasonable grounds for knowing, that a given command contemplated a punishable, or at least an illegal, action.What has not been tried up to now, and what seems a worth-while undertaking, is to analyze the general conception of war crimes and to try to reach a solution of the indicated problem out of a clearer understanding of that conception.

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