scholarly journals Cell lines and commodities: The Hagahai patent case

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robie
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
United States Government ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Media ◽  
First Time

In March 1995, the United States government issued a patent on a human cell line for an indigenous Hagahai man from the rainforests of Papua New Guinea. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) were issued patent No. 5,397,696 by the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), the first time that an indigenous person's cells have been patented. Critics saw this is a 'new and dangerous' era in intellectual property rights while even defenders conceded there are serious dilemmas embracing ethics, the law and the media.  

scholarly journals The "Wartime Congress" of 1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Convention ◽  
United States Government ◽  
States Government ◽  
First Time

The article details the first time the American Optometric Association cancelled the annual convention at the request of the United States government.

scholarly journals Border Militias

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
John Parsons
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Government ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Us Mexico Border

Narratives of security and threat are continually used to justify morally contentious activities. In the past three years, the United States’ government has increasingly promoted narratives of “criminal migrants” and “immigrant invasions.” In response to perceived threats, the US-Mexico border has undergone a process of militarization. During this time, various border militias have continued to operate along the southern US border. My research was conducted over 11 months with two militias operating on the US-Mexico border I have labeled Border Watch. This militia provides a snippet of how morality is operationalized in the legitimization of actions and how morality is intrinsically linked to security in the lived experiences of its volunteers. In this article, I argue that the volunteers make sense of their experiences away from the border through the narrative espoused by the US government. The resonance between experience and narrative defines the latter as truth and the ability to dismiss counter-narratives. For the volunteers of Border Watch who adhere to a notion of citizenship through the lens of the citizen-soldier ideal, the narrative delivers a moral imperative to act in defense of the nation. Within the nexus of danger, security, and morality, the volunteers of Border Watch conceptualize their project as one in which moral citizens protect the nation and its citizens from an evil Other.

scholarly journals Latino and Central American Asylum Seekers in the United States of America During the Trump Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 406-420
Author(s):  
Sina Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
United States Government ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Government ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the article was to examine the Trump administration's asylum policy applied to Central American and Latino applicants. The United States has grappled with refugee problems in recent decades, and in 2018 Trump signed an executive order to detain families seeking to immigrate to the United States without separating from one another. With this decree, a new approach was formed in the policy of the United States government, which emphasizes the severe restrictions on the entry of asylum seekers and immigrants. In the methodological, it is a documentary research close to hermeneutics. It is concluded that, although the United States government has cited security concerns as an excuse to restrict the entry of asylum seekers, especially Latinos from Central American countries, this political approach is in conflict with the national legislation of the United States that stipulates that any citizen Foreigner arriving at any point along the US border, or at official exit points, has the right to apply for asylum. Furthermore, the implementation of such a policy is contrary to the end of the 1951 Convention, which focuses on the protection of refugees without distinction.

An informational reference on anthrax for first responders

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Daniel Rector, MS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Responders ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Current Information ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

Anthrax was widely discussed in the media several years ago during the American Anthrax attacks. Despite a lessened interest in the subject today, anthrax still poses a threat to the United States government and its people. This article looks at publically available data and resources in an effort to combine current information into one easy to ready document. It can be used as an informational reference for first responders when learning about the anthrax threat.

Forensic DNA Analysis and the United States Government

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Donald Shapiro ◽  
Stewart Reifler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Government

All three branches of the United States Government are, directly or indirectly, promoting the use and judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis. In addition, the establishment of a US national DNA databank has been authorized. The US Congress has passed the ‘DNA Identification Act of 1994’, which provides, inter alia, funding to the states for developing and/or improving forensic laboratories capable of conducting DNA analysis, and also creates a framework for federal supervision of forensic DNA technology. Specifically, the Executive Branch, through the Department of Justice and particularly its Federal Bureau of Investigation, has been directed to develop standards and practices in order to speed the admissibility of forensic DNA analysis as scientifically acceptable evidence in US courts. Finally, the federal judiciary has been ordered by the US Supreme Court to abandon or modify the 70-year-old Frye standard, which the Federal courts previously used to determine whether scientific evidence is deemed admissible, a move that will directly impact the judicial acceptance of forensic DNA analysis in all federal courts and undoubtedly will affect the admissibility of DNA evidence in many American state courts.

scholarly journals Raketenabwehr und Weltraumkrieg

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (127) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Jürgen Scheffran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Missile Defense ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Government ◽  
Space Weapons

The United States. government is moving towards missile defense and space weapons, driven by ominous threat perceptions. While missile defense is suffering from technical flaws and cost overruns, the quest for dominance in space by the US Space Command is trying to use many of the developed technologies for space warfare. lnstead of achieving a more peaceful defense-dominated world, this policy is rather creating offensive threats that may provoke an unstable and highly com plex arms spiral on earth and in space, ultimately undermining the security of all states including the US. To prevent passing the threshold to space weaponization the international community could take determined action to put diplomacy in the first place, focusing on nuclear disarmament, strengthened international missile control and a space weapons ban.

Some Gaza Impressions, Over Two Decades after Oslo

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Oslo Accords ◽  
The Us ◽  
States Government ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Armed Resistance ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of the Oslo Accords as it enters its third decade. It describes how negotiations were doomed to absolute failure by Israeli conditions, caveats, and loopholes; after Israel's latest wars in 2014, 2012, and 2008–2009, which left more Palestinians believing in armed resistance against Israel's occupation and illegal intimidation. The majority of Palestinians in Gaza blame the failure of negotiations not only on Israel but also on Palestinian leaders. Blame also lies with the United States government, which blocks every possibility of mutual peace through its bias toward Israel. In addition, it lies with pressure, and criticism, from Israeli lobbyists every time the US tries to take a step toward mutual peace based on international laws.

An informational reference on anthrax for first responders

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Daniel Rector, MS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
First Responders ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Current Information ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

Anthrax was widely discussed in the media several years ago during the American Anthrax attacks. Despite a lessened interest in the subject today, anthrax still poses a threat to the United States government and its people. This article looks at publically available data and resources in an effort to combine current information into one easy to ready document. It can be used as an informational reference for first responders when learning about the anthrax threat.

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