Application of the Perkal method for assessing competitiveness of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe

Research background: The changes that took place in the late twentieth century led to the transformation of the political system in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). As a result, there has been an increase in the competitiveness of some of the economies among the CEE states. Due to different priorities and goals, these countries are also characterized by different levels in socio-economic development. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify the determinants affecting the competitiveness among the selected CEE countries. Methods: Based on Eurostat data, a set of determinants affecting competitiveness was established. A number of determinants have been eliminated in relation to the variation coefficient. At the same time, a classification of the level of competitiveness among the CEE countries has been made by using the Perkal method. The analysis used 14 selected indicators, 10 of which are considered as stimulating, and 4 as deteriorating the competitiveness of national economies. The result led to obtaining a synthetic level indicator of potential of the CEE countries. Findings & Value added: Following the findings of the conducted analysis, the highest economic competitiveness exists in Estonia and in the Czech Republic, while the lowest was found in Romania and Bulgaria. The results of the evaluation obtained with the Perkal method concerning the competitiveness of the CEE countries that belong to the EU are largely consistent with those presented in different global competitiveness rankings. However, the method applied in this article seems much simpler and less time-consuming, allowing at the same time an optimal choice of analytical determinants. The selected linear Pearson correlation’s coefficient confirmed that there is a strong positive relationship between the designated values of the synthetic indicator of competitiveness and the GDP per capita. This confirms the validity of test method used.

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Financialization and Income Inequality in Selected European Countries, 2004–2013

e-Finanse ◽

10.1515/fiqf-2016-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 20-32

Author(s):

Grzegorz Golebiowski ◽

Piotr Szczepankowski ◽

Dorota Wisniewska

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Gini Coefficient ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Value Added ◽

European Countries ◽

Total Employment ◽

The Gini Coefficient ◽

Synthetic Indicator ◽

The Impact

Abstract The article examines the impact of financialization on income inequality between 2004 and 2013, through a panel analysis of seven European countries. Moreover, it attempts to examine differences in the perception of the phenomenon between the selected European countries belonging to the G-7 and countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The results demonstrate the existence of individual effects, which means that the level of inequality under examination is influenced predominantly by country-specific factors. The most significant correlation is noticeable between the level of unemployment and the degree of income inequality. An increase in unemployment is accompanied by a rise in the disproportions in the level of income that individual citizens have at their disposal whereas a decrease in the unemployment level contributes to an improvement of the GINI coefficient. Simultaneously, the results confirm the existence of significant correlations between the level of the GINI coefficient and such financialization indicators as the share of employment in finance in total employment and the contribution of the financial sector to total value added creation. The most prominent dependency was discovered when a constructed synthetic indicator was adopted as an indicator of financialization. At the same time, analysis of the synthetic country financialization indicator points to a conclusion that the level of financialization is higher in European countries belonging to the G-7 (especially Great Britain) than in countries from Central and Eastern Europe.

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Convergent and Divergent Elements in the Reporting of Key Audit Matters at the Level of the Banking Sector from Central and Eastern Europe

Audit Financiar ◽

10.20869/auditf/2021/161/003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (161) ◽

pp. 130-144

Author(s):

Aurelia STEFANESCU ◽

◽

Denis-Adrian LEVANTI ◽

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Banking Sector ◽

National Level ◽

Value Added ◽

Important Change ◽

Audit Report ◽

Firm Level ◽

Audit Reports ◽

Informational Value

The current economic turmoil manifested at international and national level is influencing the banking sector, situation which calls for an innovative approach to the informational value of the independent auditor’s report. In order to reduce the information asymmetry of the audit reports from a stakeholder’s perspective, competent authorities have issued a series of regulations aiming to change the structure and the content of these reports. The most important change relates to the reporting of the key audit matters, which are considered to bring many benefits to stakeholders. In this context, this research aims to identify, analyze and compare the key audit matters reported by the statutory auditors of credit institutions operating in Central and Eastern Europe. The results revealed that the reported key audit matters reflect the particularity of the industry and of the activities carried out by these institutions. Also, the research highlighted a portfolio of convergent and divergent elements in the key audit matters reporting both at the level of the analyzed territories and at audit firm level. The results of the research are useful to stakeholders of the banking industry, professional bodies and regulators from two perspectives: firstly, by generating value added to the informational value of the audit report and secondly, by building an informational symmetry of the audit report in relation to its stakeholders.

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Polyglossia in modern Hungarian literature: diversity of authors’ strategies

A day in the calendar. Celebrations and memorial days as an instrument of national consolidation in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century - Central-European Studies ◽

10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2019 (2 (11)) ◽

pp. 285-307

Author(s):

Oksana A. Yakimenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

National Literature ◽

Hungarian Literature ◽

Early Twenty ◽

Language Minorities ◽

Late Twentieth ◽

Hungarian Language

The article illustrates the major trends and strategies in employing multilingualism in Hungarian literature, especially that written by authors born and raised in the countries that surround Hungary in areas populated by polylingual groups including Hungarian-language minorities, as well as in texts describing ‘internal’ multilingualism within Hungary. The author explores the tendency of using multilingualism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries as a method and medium of expression, and provides examples of how authors shift from merely stating the facts of polylingual speech and avoiding foreign language inclusions to keep up with mainstream Hungarian literature, to including foreign words, phrases and whole fragments from other languages into their Hungarian texts, while reflecting on the multi/transcultural environment that Hungarian minorities have inhabited over the last hundred years. The article reviews prose by Hungarian authors, who were either born in Hungary or in neighbouring countries (and who later moved to Hungary). The article features excerpts from works previously not translated into Russian, thus allowing the reader to get a closer look at the versatile and polycentric Hungarian literature created in the environment of the national literature of Central and Eastern Europe.

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Multinational banks and the formation of debt-type economy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112903036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 03036

Author(s):

Roksolana Zapotichna ◽

Fakhri Murshudli ◽

Erkin Dilbazi

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

External Debt ◽

Value Added ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Cross Border ◽

Multinational Banks ◽

Direct Cross ◽

General Scientific ◽

Lending Activity

Research background: Given the fact that multinational banks’ credit activity leads to the accumulation of external debt in the borrowing countries, which potentially contributes to the formation of a debt-type economy, more in-depth research of the scope and consequences of such impact on the example of specific recipients is required. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological bases of the study of multinational banks’ lending activity in terms of debt-type economy on the example of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Methods: A system of general scientific and special research methods, namely, statistical (correlation analysis, in particular), structural-functional and comparative analysis, has been applied to achieve the above-mentioned purpose. Findings & Value added: The results of the study indicate that multinational banks’ direct cross-border lending remains an important source of external debt accumulation and the formation of a debt-type economy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Based on the assessment of the external debt indicators of the countries under the study, it has been determined that they all can be classified as debt-type economies. At the same time, the countries of the group still remain significantly differentiated in terms of relative indicators of direct cross-border lending and external debt. It has been concluded that multinational banks’ aggressive lending strategy during the growth phase in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe has exacerbated the problem of external indebtedness during the recession phase.

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“Social Trilemma”: Empirical Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4638

Author(s):

George Marian Ștefan ◽

Vlad Nerău ◽

Daniela Livia Traşcă ◽

Daniela Nicoleta Sahlian ◽

Liviu Matac

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Value Added ◽

Free Movement ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Foreign Companies ◽

Catching Up ◽

The Social ◽

High Degree ◽

Free Movement Of Capital

This paper’s aim is to analyze the challenges that may arise to the harmonious and inclusive economic development of EU member states from Central and Eastern Europe in the larger context of the European Common Market and the free movement of capital. The theoretical framework on which this paper is based is represented by the thesis of “structural dependence on international capital” and “race to the bottom” competition to attract foreign investment and increase the convergence speed in the catching-up process. We have also tackled the consequences arising from the social cohesion perspective, pointing out that a country cannot have at the same time (1) a high degree of social equity; (2) free movement of capital, amid structural consequences that manifest themselves as a result of this freedom; and, (3) a robust position of foreign companies as a share of value added.

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New Bangalores? The role of Central and Eastern Europe in business and IT services offshoring

Journal of Economic Development Environment and People ◽

10.26458/jedep.v2i3.41 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zoltan Gal

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Value Added ◽

Division Of Labour ◽

It Services ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Business Services ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Cultural Proximity

The paper discusses how the second global shift in business services provision and corporate restructuring open up new offshoring opportunities into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It explores three issues: First, it builds upon the theoretical framework of the ‘new paradigm of globalization, which considers offshoring as one of the most important globalizing forces of recent time. This results in a shift in global trade, namely from ‘trade in goods’ to ‘trade in tasks’ determined by the changing trends in the division of labour. Second, the paper gives an overview of services relocation into CEE in comparison with its Asian counterparts. As the EU expanded eastwards, the opportunities for European corporations to offshore their business services to these ‘nearshore’ locations increased. Building on the region’s nearshoring advantages such as geographical-cultural proximity and on their multilingual graduate sup ply, CEE is likely to utilise more value added quality-driven BPO and KPO services. Third, the paper examines the implications of offshoring for the home markets in CEE assessing its impact on their locations. It reveals the role of offshoring activities in the metropolitan transformation and discusses the factors that make the capital cities an increasingly attractive option for companies to relocate their services. Despite CEE has taken advantage on the trend supported by the global service delivery models reducing dependency on any single location, its further growth may be influenced by the worsening macro-conditions, and future prospect of the region depends largely on government incentives and on the success of exploiting talent pools offered by its provincial cities.

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Regional trade integration in Central and Eastern Europe: State of play after 15 years of EU membership

Journal of Economics and Management ◽

10.22367/jem.2021.43.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 225-250

Author(s):

Michał Kulbacki ◽

◽

Adrian Michalczuk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Value Added ◽

Trade Integration ◽

Regional Trade ◽

Narrow Scope ◽

Country Level ◽

Eu Membership ◽

Value Contribution

Aim/purpose–The purpose of this paper is to analyze regional trade integration of 10 Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEE-10) during the 2004-2018 period, identify regional-and country-level integration patterns and attribute them to potential causes indicated by the literature.Design/methodology/approach–The paper employed literature-based trade integration indicators to data on CEE-10 trade in goods and conducted a review of empirical studies investigating trade integration determinants in CEE.Findings–The results evidence an advancing regional trade integration with decreasing pace in recent years. The study has found all CEE countries to be more integrated with the region. Moreover, several integration patterns have been distinguished.Research implications/limitations–The study found a significant literature gap con-cerning CEE regional trade integration and its determinants. Its limitations refer to: lack of product-groups-level trade data and narrow scope of trade flows (in goods only).Originality/value/contribution–The paper’s value-added stems from a multi-perspectiveanalysis of the CEEregional trade integration and a discussion of region-and country--level integration patterns.Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe, regional trade integration, trade integration, global value chains, economic integration.JEL Classification:F14, F15,F60.

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Competitiveness of Countries in the World Innovation Economy: Central-Eastern Europe and Russia

Quaestiones Geographicae ◽

10.2478/quageo-2013-0010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 15-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irina Rodionova

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Central Eastern Europe ◽

National Economic ◽

Global Competitiveness Index ◽

Innovative Economy ◽

Innovation Economy ◽

New Eu Members

Abstract The positions of countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as Russia are listed in ranking tables by aggregated indices which characterise the readiness of the countries to transfer their economies to innovative development. The connection between the use of information technologies and national economic development based on the innovative economy is established. The author characterises the positions of Russia and the new EU members in terms of international indices, including the Global Competitiveness Index.

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