scholarly journals Evaluation of ZigBee Topology Effect on Throughput and End to End Delay Due to Different Transmission Bands for IoT Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Yehia R. Hamdy ◽  
Ahmed I Alghannam
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Transmission Band ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Star Tree ◽  
Minimum Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Riverbed Modeler ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard

ZigBee is widely used in wireless network in Internet of Things (IoT) applications to remotely sensing and automation due to its unique characteristics compared to other wireless networks. According to ZigBee classification of IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the network consists of four layers. The ZigBee topology is represented in second layer. Furthermore, the ZigBee topology consists of three topologies, star, tree and mesh. Also there are many transmission bands allowed in physical layer, such as 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz, 868 MHz. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of ZigBee topologies on End to End delay and throughput for different transmission bands. Riverbed Modeler is used to simulate multiple ZigBee proposed scenarios and collect the results. The results of the study recommend which topology should be used at each transmission band to provide lowest End to End delay or obtain maximum throughput, which is case sensitive in some IoT applications that required for example minimum delay time or sending high amount of data.

scholarly journals An Efficient Superframe Structure with Optimal Bandwidth Utilization and Reduced Delay for Internet of Things Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangrez Khan ◽  
Ahmad Naseem Alvi ◽  
Muhammad Awais Javed ◽  
Byeong-hee Roh ◽  
Jehad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard

Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology that uses wireless sensor networks to enable data collection, monitoring, and transmission from the physical devices to the Internet. Due to its potential large scale usage, efficient routing and Medium Access Control (MAC) techniques are vital to meet various application requirements. Most of the IoT applications need low data rate and low powered wireless transmissions and IEEE 802.15.4 standard is mostly used in this regard which offers superframe structure at the MAC layer. However, for IoT applications where nodes have adaptive data traffic, the standard has some limitations such as bandwidth wastage and latency. In this paper, a new superframe structure is proposed that is backward compatible with the existing parameters of the standard. The proposed superframe overcomes limitations of the standard by fine-tuning its superframe structure and squeezing the size of its contention-free slots. Thus, the proposed superframe adjusts its duty cycle according to the traffic requirements and accommodates more nodes in a superframe structure. The analytical results show that our proposed superframe structure has almost 50% less delay, accommodate more nodes and has better link utilization in a superframe as compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

Maximum Throughput and Minimum Delay in IEEE 802.15.4

2005 ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Latré ◽  
Pieter De Mil ◽  
Ingrid Moerman ◽  
Niek Van Dierdonck ◽  
Bart Dhoedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Minimum Delay

MQTT based QoS Model for IoT - M2M Critical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
M2m Communications ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Prioritization Scheme

The expeditious development of information technology provides opportunities for new remote and monitoring critical systems to be performed based on IoT technologies and M2M communications. This paper discusses important QoS issues in IoT systems and suggests a new QoS model for critical IoT applications, where each information must be delivered only once and in real-time. The proposal is based on the MQTT protocol with dynamic QoS handling, accordingly to the information importance. A prioritization scheme is adopted using different traffic classes, considering specific requirements for real-time communications and reliable operations while reducing end-to-end delay, packet loss, bandwidth, and energy consumption.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Backoff Mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Wireless Body Area Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shagufta Henna ◽  
Muhammad Awais Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Body Area Networks ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Average Throughput ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Coordinator

Carrier sense multiple access mechanism with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless body area networks (WBANs) may impair the transmission reliability of emergency traffic under high traffic loads, which may result in loss of high valued medical information. Majority of the recent proposals recommend an early retransmission of failed frame while ignoring the history of past failed transmissions. More importantly, these proposals do not consider the number of failed transmissions experienced by each sensor node, thereby affecting the reliability of retransmissions. In this paper, we propose a dynamic retransmission adaptive intelligent MAC (RAI-MAC) scheme. In our proposed scheme retransmission class of each sensor node is decided by the coordinator according to the number of failed transmissions of each node as observed by the coordinator during the last superframe. Based on the retransmission class received from the coordinator, each node adjusts its next backoff value. The proposed scheme increases the probability of successful frame retransmissions without incurring extra overhead. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme based on its adaptive retransmission mechanism achieves higher average throughput and average end-to-end delay, while not compromising on energy efficiency as compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 and Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack). Moreover, our scheme appears more stable in terms of average throughput, end-to-end delay, and energy efficiency under different values of beacon order (BO) and superframe order (SO).

scholarly journals Impact of using CSS PHY and RTS/CTS Combined with Frame Concatenation in the IEEE 802.15.4 Non-beacon Enabled Mode Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Barroca ◽  
Luís M. Borges ◽  
Fernando José Velez ◽  
Periklis Chatzimisios
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽  
Bandwidth Efficiency ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Physical Layers ◽  
Delay Performance ◽  
Minimum Delay ◽  
Throughput And Delay

This paper studies the performance improvement for the nonbeacon-enabled mode of IEEE 802.15.4 originated by the inclusion of the Request-To-Send/Clear-To-Send (RTS/CTS) handshake mechanism combined with frame concatenation. Under IEEE 802.15.4 employing RTS/CTS, the backoff procedure is not repeated for each data frame sent but only for each RTS/CTS set. The throughput and delay performance are mathematically derived for both the Chirp Spread Spectrum and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Physical layers for the 2.4 GHz band. The results show that the utilization of RTS/CTS significantly enhances the performance of IEEE 802.15.4 in terms of maximum throughput, minimum delay and bandwidth efficiency.

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