MQTT based QoS Model for IoT - M2M Critical Applications

The expeditious development of information technology provides opportunities for new remote and monitoring critical systems to be performed based on IoT technologies and M2M communications. This paper discusses important QoS issues in IoT systems and suggests a new QoS model for critical IoT applications, where each information must be delivered only once and in real-time. The proposal is based on the MQTT protocol with dynamic QoS handling, accordingly to the information importance. A prioritization scheme is adopted using different traffic classes, considering specific requirements for real-time communications and reliable operations while reducing end-to-end delay, packet loss, bandwidth, and energy consumption.

Interspecific Sample Prioritization Can Improve QTL Detection With Tree-Based Predictive Models

Due to increasing demand for new advanced crops, considerable efforts have been made to explore the improvement of stress and disease resistance cultivar traits through the study of wild crops. When both wild and interspecific hybrid materials are available, a common approach has been to study two types of materials separately and simply compare the quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions. However, combining the two types of materials can potentially create a more efficient method of finding predictive QTLs. In this simulation study, we focused on scenarios involving causal marker expression suppressed by trans-regulatory mechanisms, where the otherwise easily lost associated signals benefit the most from combining the two types of data. A probabilistic sampling approach was used to prioritize consistent genotypic phenotypic patterns across both types of data sets. We chose random forest and gradient boosting to apply the prioritization scheme and found that both facilitated the investigation of predictive causal markers in most of the biological scenarios simulated.

RMAC

One knows that smart transport is also an integrated part of healthcare technologies. To minimize the pollution for benefiting the healthcare, the traffic throughput on roundabout intersection has to be increased which will reduce wasted time and will also enhance passenger comfort. This paper presents a new approach by use of cooperative vehicular control utilizing VANET without compromising the safety of vehicles. This intersection side unit (ISU)-based system use lane change mechanism. The modular use of lane with lane change in newly designed protocol CARA (collision avoidance at roundabout algorithm) will greatly enhance the capacity utilization of roundabout. A new simulator ‘RoundSim' was also developed exclusively for simulation in roundabout. A new MAC protocol RMAC (roundabout MAC) is also designed which will suit the roundabout management utilizing lane change to minimize sudden jerk to passengers, thus enhancing healthcare of people. This RMAC utilizes message set with different prioritization scheme which results in better utilization of allotted frequency spectrum.

Multifactor Algorithm for Test Case Selection and Ordering

Regression testing being expensive, requires optimization notion. Typically, the optimization of test cases results in selecting a reduced set or subset of test cases or prioritizing the test cases to detect potential faults at an earlier phase. Many former studies revealed the heuristic-dependent mechanism to attain optimality while reducing or prioritizing test cases. Nevertheless, those studies were deprived of systematic procedures to manage tied test cases issue. Moreover, evolutionary algorithms such as the genetic process often help in depleting test cases, together with a concurrent decrease in computational runtime. However, when examining the fault detection capacity along with other parameters, is required, the method falls short. The current research is motivated by this concept and proposes a multifactor algorithm incorporated with genetic operators and powerful features. A factor-based prioritizer is introduced for proper handling of tied test cases that emerged while implementing re-ordering. Besides this, a Cost-based Fine Tuner (CFT) is embedded in the study to reveal the stable test cases for processing. The effectiveness of the outcome procured through the proposed minimization approach is anatomized and compared with a specific heuristic method (rule-based) and standard genetic methodology. Intra-validation for the result achieved from the reduction procedure is performed graphically. This study contrasts randomly generated sequences with procured re-ordered test sequence for over '10' benchmark codes for the proposed prioritization scheme. Experimental analysis divulged that the proposed system significantly managed to achieve a reduction of 35-40% in testing effort by identifying and executing stable and coverage efficacious test cases at an earlier phase.

Biological invasions as natural hazards: towards building a strategy to cope with invasive alien plants

<p>Biological invasions can be compared to natural hazards as besides their environmental effect can also produce rapid and damaging socioeconomic impacts. Additionally, their causes and consequences are generally well understood yet difficult to predict, and their incidence is almost unfeasible to control. For both phenomena, it is their random and uncontrollable nature that demand planning for the worst. Therefore, biological invasions and natural hazards require similar management strategies and commitments.</p><p>The aim of this study was to support decision makers and stakeholders in Lesvos Island Greece in prioritizing high impact alien plant species. We applied an integrated framework that combined a literature review and a systematic roadside survey of alien plants presence, along with their distribution, abundances, habitat preferences and impacts. Relied on this solid base we structured a prioritization scheme that would identify and rank aliens according to their invasiveness and produce alert lists of the most invasive ones. Two Risk Assessment protocols were implemented: the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) prioritization scheme, and the Australian Weed Risk Assessment (A-WRA). Each screening method delivered assessment lists that classified aliens as <em>invasive</em>, <em>possibly invasive</em>, and <em>non-invasive</em>. With the aim of benchmarking the performances of the two methods we compared their results with a third invasiveness estimation performed by a panel of experts at national level.</p><p>In total, 151 alien plants from 53 different families were found. The most abundant families were Asteraceae (10%), Amaranthaceae and Poaceae (9%), and Fabaceae (8%). A subset of 87 species, which excluded urban, ornamental, or cultivated plants with rare occurrences and no documented impacts, was assessed. According to the EPPO scheme, 8% of species categorized as invasive, 57% as possibly invasive and 34% as non-invasive. The A-WRA method was stricter, classifying 80% of species as invasive, 14% as possibly invasive and only 6% as non-invasive. Compared to expert’s opinion, EPPO scheme indicated a 10% match for invasive and a 43% for non-invasive species, whereas A-WRA an 83% and 14% respectively.</p><p>Main ranking differences between the two methods are due to the diverse input information each one requires, and to differences in the relevant importance of that information to the final ranking. A-WRA is a precautionary method that rejects even minor invaders, whereas EPPO method is a rapid prioritization tool that provides information for a subsequent appropriate Pest Risk Analysis. Our framework delivers critical information and can improve the development of early-warning systems that would promote successful preventative management strategies for biological invasions.</p><p><em><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>: This research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme “Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020” in the context of the project “An Integrative Framework for the Study of Alien Flora” (MIS 5049419).</em></p>

Plant Endemism Centres and Biodiversity Hotspots in Greece

Biodiversity hotspots (BH) cover a small fraction of the Earth’s surface, yet host numerous endemics. Human-induced biodiversity loss has been increasing worldwide, despite attempts to halt the extinction crisis. There is thus an urgent need to efficiently allocate the available conservation funds in an optimised conservation prioritization scheme. Identifying BH and endemism centres (EC) is therefore a valuable tool in conservation prioritization and planning. Even though Greece is one of the most plant species-rich European countries, few studies have dealt with the identification of BH or EC and none has ever incorporated phylogenetic information or extended to the national scale. Consequently, we are unaware of the extent that Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 network efficiently protect Greek plant diversity. Here, we located for the first time at a national scale and in a phylogenetic framework, the areas serving as BH and EC, and assessed the effectiveness of the Greek SAC in safeguarding them. BH and EC are mainly located near mountainous areas, and in areas supposedly floristically impoverished, such as the central Aegean islands. A critical re-assessment of the Greek SAC might be needed to minimize the extinction risk of the Greek endemics, by focusing the conservation efforts also on the BH and EC that fall outside the established Greek SAC.

Hybrid Design and RF Planning for 4G networks using Cell Prioritization Scheme

This article includes hands-on recreation practice on arranging of RF connect with the assistance of Atoll arranging programming device. The primary goal of this task is to structure and plan a RF coordinate with obstruction free correspondence, Optimum inclusion, no forgot about zone in the arranged inclusion guide and extension and reuse of site recurrence &network structure. Using the accessible restricted data transfer capacity vitally in order to take into account millions out of an immense zone with great quality, inclusion, and without obstruction utilizing ATOLL arranging device. Insightful re-utilization of site area later on organize structure will set aside cash for the administrator. Handover component is critical in cell arrange in light of the cell engineering utilized to expand range usage. One approach to improve the phone organize execution is to utilize productive handover prioritization plans, which have a typical trademark lessening the call dropping likelihood to the detriment of expanded call blocking likelihood. Effective prioritization conspire obliges various new calls while ensures the nature of administration (QOS) of Hand over call. This thought depends on the neighboring cells have a covering (the territory served by more than one cell) inclusion zone. Moreover cell cover and burden adjusting plan is proposed to improve the GSM cell limit utilizing a Software advancement pack (SDK). Limit improvement is accomplished by adjusting the heap in neighboring cell prioritization plans when client is exchanging between the cells.

A Pareto Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Approach to Military Installation Rail Infrastructure Investment

Decision making for military railyard infrastructure is an inherently multi-objective problem, balancing cost versus capability. In this research, a Pareto-based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm is compared to a military rail inventory and decision support tool (RAILER). The problem is formulated as a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in which the overall railyard condition is increased while decreasing cost to repair and maintain. A prioritization scheme for track maintenance is introduced that takes into account the volume of materials transported over the track and each rail segment’s primary purpose. Available repair options include repairing current 90 gauge rail, upgrade of rail segments to 115 gauge rail, and the swapping of rail removed during the upgrade. The proposed Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm approach provides several advantages to the RAILER approach. The MOEA methodology allows decision makers to incorporate additional repair options beyond the current repair or do nothing options. It was found that many of the solutions identified by the evolutionary algorithm were both lower cost and provide a higher overall condition that those generated by DoD’s rail inventory and decision support system, RAILER. Additionally, the MOEA methodology generates lower cost, higher capability solutions when reduced sets of repair options are considered. The collection of non-dominated solutions provided by this technique gives decision makers increased flexibility and the ability to evaluate whether an additional cost repair solution is worth the increase in facility rail condition.

Hybrid Design and RF Planning for 4G networks using Cell Prioritization Scheme

This article includes hands-on recreation practice on arranging of RF connect with the assistance of Atoll arranging programming device. The primary goal of this task is to structure and plan a RF coordinate with obstruction free correspondence, Optimum inclusion, no forgot about zone in the arranged inclusion guide and extension and reuse of site recurrence &network structure. Using the accessible restricted data transfer capacity vitally in order to take into account millions out of an immense zone with great quality, inclusion, and without obstruction utilizing ATOLL arranging device. Insightful re-utilization of site area later on organize structure will set aside cash for the administrator. Handover component is critical in cell arrange in light of the cell engineering utilized to expand range usage. One approach to improve the phone organize execution is to utilize productive handover prioritization plans, which have a typical trademark lessening the call dropping likelihood to the detriment of expanded call blocking likelihood. Effective prioritization conspire obliges various new calls while ensures the nature of administration (QOS) of Hand over call. This thought depends on the neighboring cells have a covering (the territory served by more than one cell) inclusion zone. Moreover cell cover and burden adjusting plan is proposed to improve the GSM cell limit utilizing a Software advancement pack (SDK). Limit improvement is accomplished by adjusting the heap in neighboring cell prioritization plans when client is exchanging between the cells.