Analysis of optical networks in presence of nodes noise and crosstalk

Optical packet switching has gained lot of momentum in last decade due to the advantages of optical fiber over copper cables. Optical switching is beneficial in optical networks which form connections of links and switching nodes. In these high speed networks minimum delay and high throughput are two important parameters which are considered. To minimize network delay shortest path algorithm is used for route selections. In previous studies while choosing shortest path distance among various nodes is considered. In this work we have shown that it is necessary to consider both distance and number of hops while choosing path from source to destination to minimize power per bit used for the transmission.

A Proposed Architecture f or Placement of Cloud Data Centre in Software Defined Network Environment

Emerging technologies like IoT (Internet of Things) and wearable devices like Smart Glass, Smart watch, Smart Bracelet and Smart Plaster produce delay sensitive traffic. Cloud computing services are emerging as supportive technologies by providing resources. Most services like IoT require minimum delay which is still an area of research. This paper is an effort towards the minimization of delay in delivering cloud traffic, by geographically localizing the cloud traffic through establishment of Cloud mini data centers. The anticipated architecture suggests a software defined network supported mini data centers connected together. The paper also suggests the use of segment routing for stitching the transport paths between data centers through Software defined Network Controllers.

Mechanisms generating the numerous hues of chrysanthemum petals can be traced to in vitro γ-ray-induced mutagenesis.

In terms of global cut flower production, chrysanthemum (Dendranthemum grandiflorum kitam.) ranks among the top ten. When a plant species possesses colour characteristics associated with those of ancestral species, that colour is described as being white, yellow, or pink, with white coloration representing an absence of pigments, and yellow and pink coloration each represents the presence of carotenoids and anthocyanins, respectively. Pigments, or a combination of pigments, have been improved upon to provide an expansive rainbow of floral colours like orange, dark red, purplish-red, and red. Recent green-flowered varieties have developed a reputation for containing chlorophylls in their ray petals. Additionally, transgenic interventions have been used to breed violet/blue flowers. Flower colour is a highly regarded characteristic of any flower cultivar, particularly chrysanthemum. Breeders' ultimate goal is to create newer chrysanthemum cultivars with innovative characteristics, such as new flower colours, using a time and input-efficient approach. Investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate flower pigmentation may yield critical insights into the rational manipulation of floral colour. To generate a diverse array of flower colour mutants in chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” through mutagenesis, in vitro grown micro shoots were exposed to 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy gamma irradiation at 100 Gy per minute and were evaluated for different parameters. The rhizogenesis parameters declined with the increase in irradiation dose from 0 Gy to 40 Gy, while as, 10 Gy dose proved to record minimum decline in contrast to the control. Survival, leaf size, and the number of leaves plant-1 after the 8th-week interval exhibited a downward trend with the increasing trend of gamma irradiation dose but recorded a least drop in plants raised from shoots irradiated with 10 Gy gamma irradiation dose with respect to the control. Apparently, the minimum delay in the number of days to floral bud appearance took under 10 Gy compared to control. The highest number of flower colour mutants was recorded under 10 Gy (light pink, orange-pink, white and yellow). Demountable mutation frequency based on flower colour was desirable in plants irradiated with the slightest dose of 10 Gy.

Research on multi-objective optimal scheduling considering the balance of labor workload distribution

In order to solve the problem of unbalanced workload of employees in parallel flow shop scheduling, a method of job standard balance is proposed to describe the work balance of employees. The minimum delay time of completion and the imbalance of employee work are taken as the two goals of the model. A bi-objective nonlinear integer programming model is proposed. NSGA-II-EDSP, NSGA-II-KES, and NSGA-II-QKES heuristic rule algorithms are designed to solve the problem. A number of computational experiments of different sizes are conducted, and compared with solutions generated by NSGA-II. The experimental results show the advantages of the proposed model and method, which error is reduced 14.56%, 15.16% and 15.67%.

Sensitivity of Rodel Roundabout Delay Estimates to Input Parameters

Modern roundabouts are developed to increase the traffic capacity and decrease the traffic delay. They are popular around the world and are becoming common in Canada and the United States. A great design of a roundabout is to achieve the minimum delay. According to the research papers regarding the delay at roundabouts, it is expected the vehicle delay, the stop ratio at various traffic volumes, and the level of saturation of roundabouts are smaller than the amount of similar parameters on un-signalized intersections. The purpose of this thesis is clarification and measurement of the geometric parameters through the RODEL software to depict their influence on the sensitivity of roundabout delay. This study has been done through creation and analysis of numerous tables and graphs for various traffic volumes and peak periods. Furthermore, the required accuracy of each parameter in estimating delay of a planned roundabout is determined. The outcome of this analysis indicates the effects of the geometric parameters on the roundabout delay. While the Half Width, Entry Width, and Flare Length have the greatest influence on the delay, the Entry Radius, Entry Angle (PHI), and Inscribed Circle Diameter have the least influence.

Sensitivity of Rodel Roundabout Delay Estimates to Input Parameters

Modern roundabouts are developed to increase the traffic capacity and decrease the traffic delay. They are popular around the world and are becoming common in Canada and the United States. A great design of a roundabout is to achieve the minimum delay. According to the research papers regarding the delay at roundabouts, it is expected the vehicle delay, the stop ratio at various traffic volumes, and the level of saturation of roundabouts are smaller than the amount of similar parameters on un-signalized intersections. The purpose of this thesis is clarification and measurement of the geometric parameters through the RODEL software to depict their influence on the sensitivity of roundabout delay. This study has been done through creation and analysis of numerous tables and graphs for various traffic volumes and peak periods. Furthermore, the required accuracy of each parameter in estimating delay of a planned roundabout is determined. The outcome of this analysis indicates the effects of the geometric parameters on the roundabout delay. While the Half Width, Entry Width, and Flare Length have the greatest influence on the delay, the Entry Radius, Entry Angle (PHI), and Inscribed Circle Diameter have the least influence.

Regional opening strategies with commuter testing and containment of new SARS-CoV-2 variants

Background: Despite the accelerating vaccination process, a large majority of the population is still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we face the spread of novel variants. Until we overcome the pandemic, reasonable mitigation and opening strategies are crucial to balance public health and economic interests. Methods: We model the spread of SARS-CoV-2 over the German counties by a graph-SIR-type model with particular focus on commuter testing. We account for political interventions by varying contact reduction values in private and public locations such as homes, schools, workplaces, and other. We consider different levels of lockdown strictness, commuter testing strategies, or the delay of intervention implementation. We conduct numerical simulations to assess the effectiveness of the different intervention strategies after one month. The virus dynamics in the counties are initialized randomly with incidences between 75-150 weekly new cases per 100,000 inhabitants (red zones) or below 10 (green zones) and consider 25 different initial scenarios of randomly distributed red zones (between 2 and 20 % of all counties). To account for uncertainty, we consider an ensemble set of 500 Monte Carlo runs for each scenario. Results: We find that the strength of the lockdown in regions with out of control virus dynamics is most important to avoid the spread into neighboring regions. With very strict lockdowns in red zones, commuter testing rates of twice a week can substantially contribute to the safety of adjacent regions. In contrast, less strict lockdowns with the same commuter testing rate quickly and substantially lead to overall higher infection dynamics. A further key contributor is the potential delay of the intervention implementation. In order to keep the spread of the virus under control, strict regional lockdowns with minimum delay and commuter testing of at least twice a week are advisable.

Clinical profile and outcome of snakebite poisoning in sub-district hospital Akhnoor

Background: In a predominantly agricultural country like India, with rich in flora and fauna, long rainy season and rural background, the encounter between man and snake is a frequent occurrence. Viper-bites are more common than other poisonous snakebites. Only the cases of snakebite with severe envenomation reach the health care centers. This study was planned to analyze the presentation of complaints and symptoms in snake bite patients.Methods: This ‘record based descriptive observational study’ was carried out over a period of 6 months from May 2020 to November 2020 in Sub District hospital Akhnoor. A total of 96 patients with a history of snake bite and signs of envenomation were included in this study. Results: Incidence was higher among people from rural background (86.46%), more among males (67.71%) and highest among farmers (53.13%) and labourers (16.67%). Maximum no of snakebites took place during night and on the lower parts of body, mainly legs (54.17%); while the period of the study contained the peak rainy season of the region. As many as 39.58% of victims didn’t receive any kind of formal first aid at all and as many as 48.96% patients reported after a minimum delay of 6 hours, which could be considered as potentially fatal. Chief complaints among the reported patients of snake bite were found to be: Local edema, bleeding, vomiting, drowsiness, ptosis and Ophthalmoplegia.Conclusions: There is an urgent and dire need for awareness and education among rural population about the hazards involved and treatment of snakebite.

A Millimeter-Wave CMOS Injection-Locked BPSK Transmitter in 65-nm CMOS

In order to provide gigabit per second wireless communication, various standards have been proposed and implemented in recent years. Since the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication enables uncompressed high-speed data transfer with a minimum delay, it is considered to be the most promising technology to alleviate the pressure of the increasing demand of the spectrum resource. In this paper, a compact and highly efficient mm-wave transmitter is presented. The proposed injection-locked binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) transmitter can deliver a 10.2 dBm output with an efficiency over 10%. The proposed transmitter occupies 0.105 mm2 chip area in 65 nm CMOS process.