HVAC Control System Using Predicted Mean Vote Index for Energy Savings in Buildings

Nowadays, reducing energy consumption is the fastest way to reduce the use of fossil fuels and, therefore, greenhouse gas emissions. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are used to maintain an indoor environment in comfortable conditions for its occupants. The combination of these two factors, energy efficiency and comfort, is a considerable challenge for building operations. This paper introduces a design approach to control an HVAC, focused on an energy consumption reduction in the operation of the HVAC system of a building. The architecture was developed using a Raspberry Pi as a coordinator node and wireless connection with sensor nodes for environmental variables and electrical measurement nodes. The data received by the coordinator node is sent to the cloud for storage and further processing. The control system manages the setpoint of the HVAC equipment, as well as the turning on and off the HVAC compressor using an XBee-based solid state relay. The HVAC temperature control system is based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index calculation, which is used by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) to find the appropriate setpoint to meet the thermal comfort of 80% of users. This method combines the values of humidity and temperature to define comfort zones. The coordinator node makes the compressor control decisions depending on the value obtained in the PMV index. The proposed PMV-based temperature control system for the HVAC equipment achieves energy savings ranging from 33% to 44% against the built-in control of the HVAC equipment, when operating with the same setpoint of 26.5 grades centigrade.

Neuro-Informed Learning

As the epicenter for learning activities, the brain is the coordinator of all actions associated with collecting information, organizing it, storing it, and eventually re-organizing it for application in the real world. And yet, to date, little has been known about what happens within the brain during learning activities. We have operated based on a black box set of assumptions that results in researchers testing inputs and outputs but lacking a true understanding of what happens between those two endpoints. However, the fields of neuroscience and cognitive science, along with neuro-technology engineers, have simultaneously been studying the brain and developing apparatus that allow us to understand what is happening in the brain in real-time during learning. The implications of these capabilities and a deeper understanding of learning are boundless. Accordingly, this chapter will delve into four key areas: (1) research and theories, (2) cognitive readiness and comprehension, (3) neuro-technology data, and (4) the necessary evolution of teachers to facilitators.

A Atuação do Coordenador Pedagógico no Ambiente Escolar da Escola Municipal Antônio de Carvalho e Escola Estadual Professor Manuel Leite / The Performance of The Pedagogical Coordinator in the School Environment of the Municipal School Antônio de Carvalho and Professor Manuel Leite State School

O objetivo deste artigo é destacar a atuação dos Coordenadores Pedagógicos no Ambiente Escolar. Com isso, os objetivos específicos foram: demarcar o papel do coordenador no contexto escolar; identificar as funções que são desenvolvidas pelo Coordenador Pedagógico em seu ambiente de trabalho; pontuar as questões emergentes no exercício profissional do Coordenador Pedagógico na escola. Sendo uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, realizada com 2 (dois) Coordenadores Pedagógicos, que atuam em escolas de diferentes estruturas do ensino fundamental II, situada no Município de Parnamirim-PE e Salgueiro-PE. Com a análise dos dados, foi usada as técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo (AC). Portanto, a pesquisa apontou diversas funções desenvolvidas pelo CP na escola e sinalou que este profissional exerce prioritariamente sua função precípua, que é a formação e o acompanhamento dos docentes na escola, e que estão envolvidos burocraticamente, disciplinadamente, dentre várias funções, ficando sobrecarregado, deixando assim, de priorizar um melhor acompanhamento aos docentes na jornada dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem.---: The purpose of this article is to highlight the role of Pedagogical Coordinators in the School Environment. With that, the specific objectives were: to demarcate the role of the coordinator in the school context; identify the functions that are performed by the Pedagogical Coordinator in their work environment; punctuate as emerging issues in the professional practice of the Pedagogical Coordinator at school. Being a qualitative research, exploratory and descriptive. Data were collected through interviews, carried out with 2 (two) Pedagogical Coordinators, who work in schools from different structures of elementary education II, located in the city of Parnamirim-PE and Salgueiro-PE. With data analysis, it was used as Content Analysis (CA) techniques. Therefore, a survey pointed out several functions performed by the CP at school and indicated that this professional primarily exercises its main function, which is the training and monitoring of teachers at the school, and that they are involved bureaucratically, disciplinedly, among various functions, becoming overloaded, lacking, therefore, to prioritize a better monitoring of teachers in the journey of teaching-learning processes.

Organizational model in first AID

The reason why we have undertaken this type of work comes from having become aware of the profound state of discomfort experienced, and therefore it is possible to find the strength to take the real path, overcoming the current patterns, which unfortunately, still see the profession . for homework. The multicentre study, carried out on the topic of Nursing Records, significantly accelerates the timing of this historic step, so that the culture of innovation, creativity and change is enhanced and embraced. Analyzing the nursing work situation, I noted the need together with a group of colleagues and a coordinator, belonging to the same Hospital, to propose the inclusion of an innovative Nursing Record, so that a professional contribution was formed by the staff nursing and, from this, the activation of multidisciplinarity and, at the same time, the recognition of the usefulness of the role of the nursing figure and of the valid collaboration within the health team took off. The working group was formed on a specific project, focused on the design and drafting of the Nursing Record, an operational tool designed and managed by the nurse (in collaboration with the coordinator), used to collect useful information regarding each patient individually. This tool was indispensable for the elaboration of an assistance plan that takes into account the social, cultural and welfare context in which it is developed, guaranteeing the continuity of services. Since it appears necessary for a Nursing Record to be built by the team , the need arises to have common indications regarding its design and drafting.

ANALISIS PENYEBAB OBAT KADALUARSA DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT IBU DAN ANAK ERIA BUNDA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2020

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan pelayanan penunjang serta pusat pendapatan utama bagi rumah sakit. Instalasi farmasi merupakan salah satu unit pelaksanaan fungsional yang menyelenggarakan seluruh kegiatan pelayanan kefarmasian. Di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru berpotensi menghasilkan obat kadaluarsa yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyebab obat kadaluarsa di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari Kepala Instalasi Farmasi, Penanggung Jawab Farmasi Rawat Inap, Koordinator Perbekalan Farmasi dan Alkes, Staf Farmasi Rawat Jalan, dan Staf Gudang Farmasi. Dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab obat kadaluarsa di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru disebabkan oleh perencanaan obat yang terlalu berlebih dari konsumsi pemakaian rata-rata rumah sakit, pengadaan obat yang tidak memperkirakan berapa banyak obat yang mau dipesan, serta penyimpanan obat dikarenakan human error dimana kesalahan pada saat penyimpanan yang tidak FIFO dan FEFO. Saran bagi instlasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Eria Bunda Pekanbaru yaitu dengan mengadakan pelatihan dan sosialisasi terhadap perencanaan dan pengadaan obat, serta meningkatkan pengawasan dalam melakukan penyimpanan obat. Pharmaceutical services are support services as well as the main revenue center for hospitals. The pharmacy installation is one of the functional implementation units that organize all pharmaceutical service activities. The pharmacy installation at the Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital in Pekanbaru has the potential to produce expired drugs that can cause harm to the hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of drug expiration in the pharmacy installation of Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Pekanbaru. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study consisted of the Head of the Pharmacy Installation, the Person in Charge of Inpatient Pharmacy, the Coordinator of Pharmacy and Medical Devices, the Outpatient Pharmacy Staff, and the Pharmacy Warehouse Staff. With the data collection method using observation and interviews. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the cause of expired drugs in the pharmacy installation of Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Pekanbaru is caused by excessive drug planning than the average hospital consumption, drug procurement that does not predict how many drugs to order, and storage. medicine due to human error where the error during storage is not FIFO and FEFO. Suggestions for the pharmacy installation of Eria Bunda Mother and Child Hospital Pekanbaru, namely by holding training and socialization of drug planning and procurement, as well as increasing supervision in carrying out drug storage.

Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan pada Pusat Pendapatan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Tulang Bawang

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that affect the financial performance of government revenue centers. Research Methodology: Qualitative descriptive method is the method used in this research. The factors that influence the financial performance of the Regional Agency of Tulang Bawang Regency increasing the realization of Regional Revenue are described in this study, in order to identify the causes of the unrealized local revenue. Results: Judging from the efficiency factor, it shows that financial performance is classified as very efficient and after analyzing various factors, a strategy is sought that can be used by the Regional Revenue Service of Tulang Bawang Regency to provide an increase in the level of regional basic income which is the purpose of this study. Limitations: The implementation of the research will definitely be faced with its limitations, both in the results of the research discussion and the questionnaire questions in the research. This research cannot explain further about Regional Levies because in this case, the Regional Revenue Agency is only the coordinator of Regional Original Revenue. Contribution: In the future, this research is also expected to be a reference for the Regional Revenue Agency of Tulang Bawang Regency in order to increase the realization of the initial income of Tulang Bawang Regency.

Cross-Layer Media Access Control in Wireless Body Area Networks Using Fuzzy Logic and Evolutionary Computation

<p>Over the past decade, advances in electronics, computer science, and wireless technologies have facilitated the rapid development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs consist of various sensors that are attached on or even implanted in the human body to improve health care and the quality of life. WBANs must provide high-quality communication in terms of both reliability and performance, in order to bring timely medical help to patients. Commonly used communication standard in WBANs is IEEE 802.15.4. However, due to poor channel quality in WBANs, this standard is limited in reliability and performance. To address this issue, cross-layer techniques for Media Access Control (MAC) have attracted substantial research attention in recent years. Aimed at developing cross-layer MAC technologies, Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) have been widely utilised to effectively and efficiently process information from different layers in WBANs. However, existing FLCs have mostly focused on improving communication reliability while ignoring the importance of network performance. To improve both the reliability and performance of MAC protocols in WBANs, this thesis introduces a new design of cross-layer FLC, called Cross-Layer Fuzzy logic based Backoff system (CLFB), to improve reliability by reducing the collision rate and increasing the packet delivery ratio. CLFB can also enhance the network performance in terms of throughput in WBANs while maintaining packet delays at a reasonable level by considering both channel condition and application requirements. Through the proper use of FLCs as an extension of the standard exponential back-off algorithms, CLFB is experimentally shown to achieve a high level of adaptability. This thesis also proposes an evolutionary approach to automate the design of FLCs for CLFB in WBANs. With the goal of improving network reliability while keeping the communication delay at a low level, we have particularly studied the usefulness of three coding schemes with different levels of flexibility, which enables us to represent alternative design of FLCs as candidate solutions in evolutionary algorithms. The influence of fitness functions that measure the effectiveness of each possible FLC design has also been examined carefully in order to identify useful FLCs. Moreover, we have utilised surrogate models to improve the efficiency of the design process. In consideration of practical usefulness, we have further identified two main design targets. The first target is to design effective FLCs for a specific network configuration. The second target covers a wide range of network settings. In order to examine the usefulness of our design approach, we have utilised and experimentally evaluated two popularly used evolutionary algorithms, i.e. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE). This thesis finally proposes a two-level control scheme at both the sensor level and the coordinator level to further improve communication quality in WBANs. The sensor-level FLC controls contention based channel access and the coordinator-level FLC controls contention free channel access. This two-level FLC architecture can effectively enhance the cooperation between sensors and the coordinator such that both the reliability and performance of the network can be significantly improved. We also studied the use of cooperative coevolutionary approach to automate the design of our twolevel control scheme. With the goal of effectively designing useful FLCs, we have particularly investigated different collaborator selection methods for our cooperative coevolutionary approach, which enable us to effectively select collaborators while evaluating the candidate FLC design in each sub-population. Specifically, we show that network knowledge can help our evolutionary design approach to select collaborators more effectively.</p>

Cross-Layer Media Access Control in Wireless Body Area Networks Using Fuzzy Logic and Evolutionary Computation

<p>Over the past decade, advances in electronics, computer science, and wireless technologies have facilitated the rapid development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBANs consist of various sensors that are attached on or even implanted in the human body to improve health care and the quality of life. WBANs must provide high-quality communication in terms of both reliability and performance, in order to bring timely medical help to patients. Commonly used communication standard in WBANs is IEEE 802.15.4. However, due to poor channel quality in WBANs, this standard is limited in reliability and performance. To address this issue, cross-layer techniques for Media Access Control (MAC) have attracted substantial research attention in recent years. Aimed at developing cross-layer MAC technologies, Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) have been widely utilised to effectively and efficiently process information from different layers in WBANs. However, existing FLCs have mostly focused on improving communication reliability while ignoring the importance of network performance. To improve both the reliability and performance of MAC protocols in WBANs, this thesis introduces a new design of cross-layer FLC, called Cross-Layer Fuzzy logic based Backoff system (CLFB), to improve reliability by reducing the collision rate and increasing the packet delivery ratio. CLFB can also enhance the network performance in terms of throughput in WBANs while maintaining packet delays at a reasonable level by considering both channel condition and application requirements. Through the proper use of FLCs as an extension of the standard exponential back-off algorithms, CLFB is experimentally shown to achieve a high level of adaptability. This thesis also proposes an evolutionary approach to automate the design of FLCs for CLFB in WBANs. With the goal of improving network reliability while keeping the communication delay at a low level, we have particularly studied the usefulness of three coding schemes with different levels of flexibility, which enables us to represent alternative design of FLCs as candidate solutions in evolutionary algorithms. The influence of fitness functions that measure the effectiveness of each possible FLC design has also been examined carefully in order to identify useful FLCs. Moreover, we have utilised surrogate models to improve the efficiency of the design process. In consideration of practical usefulness, we have further identified two main design targets. The first target is to design effective FLCs for a specific network configuration. The second target covers a wide range of network settings. In order to examine the usefulness of our design approach, we have utilised and experimentally evaluated two popularly used evolutionary algorithms, i.e. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE). This thesis finally proposes a two-level control scheme at both the sensor level and the coordinator level to further improve communication quality in WBANs. The sensor-level FLC controls contention based channel access and the coordinator-level FLC controls contention free channel access. This two-level FLC architecture can effectively enhance the cooperation between sensors and the coordinator such that both the reliability and performance of the network can be significantly improved. We also studied the use of cooperative coevolutionary approach to automate the design of our twolevel control scheme. With the goal of effectively designing useful FLCs, we have particularly investigated different collaborator selection methods for our cooperative coevolutionary approach, which enable us to effectively select collaborators while evaluating the candidate FLC design in each sub-population. Specifically, we show that network knowledge can help our evolutionary design approach to select collaborators more effectively.</p>

The viral myocarditis with cardiac аrrhythmia as complication of COVID-19 in the practice of family doctor of the tuberculosis dispensary

BACKGROUND: About 70% of TB dispensary patients have chronic somatic diseases which not only prevent effective treatment of TB but also take progressive course themselves. AIMS: To timely detect and treat acute and chronic somatic disease combined with TB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: since 2020 the algorithm of patient complex investigation by specialists of therapeutic profile was developed in the Tuberculosis Dispensary No. 5, among them the general practitioner was the coordinator of the patients medical route. This became especially relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: In accordance with the developed algorithms of diagnostic search the patient was comprehensively examined. There were no signs of tuberculosis were in him, however the general practitioner involving to specialists team could diagnose signs of complex cardiac arrhythmia the probable cause which was a new coronavirus infection that he had had six weeks before. CONCLUSIONS: The organization of a new form of medical service for phthisiatric patients allowed general practitioner to reveal serious cardiac pathology directly at the TB dispensary, to refer the patient for consultation to the cardiologist-arrhythmologist, to follow the patient and perform recommended cardiologic treatment simultaneously with measures or medical supervision over persons contacting with tuberculosis.

THE PROPOSAL FOR MONITORING OF STOAT MUSTELA ERMINEA (LINNAEUS, 1758) ON THE EXAMPLE OF POLAND

The ability to monitor species distribution and abundance is essential to detect changes in animal population and implement conservation management programs which can prevent further deterioration of the species’ situation and help assess the progress of these programs. The stoat (Mustela erminea) is a small, extremely difficult to catch, predatory mammal which is under partial species protection in Poland. However, at the moment there are no deliberate actions conducted to protect it, and the strategy for the stoat monitoring has not been developed yet. This is directly related to various components, among which is the difficulty to develop an effective non-invasive method for capturing and identifying a stoat individual. The current state of knowledge regarding the distribution and abundance of the species in Poland is largely based on the observations reported to the coordinator, references in the literature, and photographs available on the Internet. The data, however, has not been confirmed by reliable field studies aimed to assess the current situation of this predator in Poland. This clearly indicates the need to deepen the knowledge about the distribution and abundance of the stoat in this country by starting the monitoring of the species. In this article, the first attempt was made to define the methodology needed to conduct it, which may be the base for further modification and refinement as new data is collected. A detailed description of the adopted methodology has been developed on the basis of methods successfully used in research on mustelids in other countries.