scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of an Energy-Efficient MAC Scheduler by using a Test Bed Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Alessandrelli ◽  
Luca Mainetti ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
Giovanni Pellerano ◽  
Matteo Petracca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocols ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard

A Wireless Sensor Network consists of a large number of sensor nodes that are usually battery powered and deployed in large areas in which changing or recharging batteries may be impractical or completely unfeasible. Therefore, energy efficiency represents one of the main design objectives for these networks. Since most of the energy is consumed by the radio communication, the development of Medium Access Control protocols able to minimize the radio energy consumption is a very attractive research area. This paper presents an energy efficient communication protocol and its implementation in the Contiki Operating System. The performances and the portability of the proposed solution are thoroughly evaluated by means of both simulations, carried out using the Contiki simulation tools (i.e., Cooja and MPSim), and test beds based on two different platforms. Obtained results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the sensor nodes power consumption compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard solution already implemented in Contiki.

Energy Saving Mechanisms for MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshaddique Al Ameen ◽  
S. M. Riazul Islam ◽  
Kyungsup Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Save Energy

Energy efficiency is a primary requirement in a wireless sensor network (WSN). This is a major design parameter in medium access control (MAC) protocols for WSN due to limited resources in sensor nodes that include low battery power. Hence a proposed MAC protocol must be energy efficient by reducing the potential energy wastes. Developing such a MAC protocol has been a hot research area in WSN. To avoid wasting the limited energy, various energy saving mechanisms are proposed for MAC protocols. These mechanisms have a common design objective—to save energy to maximize the network lifetime. This paper presents a survey on various energy saving mechanisms that are proposed for MAC protocols in WSN. We present a detailed discussion of these mechanisms and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss MAC protocols that use these energy saving mechanisms.

A Review of Multi-Channel Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Hanan Alahmadi ◽  
Fatma Boabdullah
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Medium Access Control Protocols ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Momentum Spread ◽  
High Data ◽  
Multichannel Mac

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are witnessing a momentum spread especially with the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Indeed, WSNs are considered as the main enabling infrastructure for IoT networks. Nowadays, the emerging WSNs applications require not only long network lifespan but also considerably high data rate. Consequently, conceiving Multichannel MAC protocols that save the scarceenergy budget of sensor nodes while providing high network throughput is crucial for the emerging WSNs applications. In this paper, a thorough review of recent multichannel MAC protocols is provided along with a classification framework to deeply understand the design aspects for each protocol.

Designing and Implementing a Lightweight WSN MAC Protocol for Smart Home Networking Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Han Chen ◽  
Ming-Yi Lin ◽  
Wen-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Delivery

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a promising solution in the fields of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine networks for smart home applications. However, to feasibly deploy wireless sensor devices in a smart home environment, four key requirements must be satisfied: stability, compatibility, reliability routing, and performance and power balance. In this study, we focus on the unreliability problem of the IEEE 802.15.4 WSN medium access control (MAC), which is caused by the contention-based MAC protocol used for channel access. This problem results in a low packet delivery ratio, particularly in a smart home network with only a few sensor nodes. In this paper, we first propose a lightweight WSN protocol for a smart home or an intelligent building, thus replacing the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which is highly complex and has a low packet delivery ratio. Subsequently, we describe the development of a discrete event system model for the WSN by using a GRAFCET and propose a development platform based on a reconfigurable FPGA for reducing fabrication cost and time. Finally, a prototype WSN controller ASIC chip without an extra CPU and with our proposed lightweight MAC was developed and tested. It enhanced the packet delivery ratio by up to 100%.

scholarly journals A Novel QoS-Oriented Intrusion Detection Mechanism for IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdulfattah Noorwali ◽  
Ahmad Naseem Alvi ◽  
Mohammad Zubair Khan ◽  
Muhammad Awais Javed ◽  
Wadii Boulila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Soft Decision ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Iot Applications

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an integral part of Internet of Things (IoT). The sensor nodes in WSN generate large sensing data which is disseminated to intelligent servers using multiple wireless networks. This large data is prone to attacks from malicious nodes which become part of the network, and it is difficult to find these adversaries. The work in this paper presents a mechanism to detect adversaries for the IEEE 802.15.4 standard which is a central medium access protocol used in WSN-based IoT applications. The collisions and exhaustion attacks are detected based on a soft decision-based algorithm. In case the QoS of the network is compromised due to large data traffic, the proposed protocol adaptively varies the duty cycle of the IEEE 802.15.4. Simulation results show that the proposed intrusion detection and adaptive duty cycle algorithm improves the energy efficiency of a WSN with a reduced network delay.

scholarly journals Implementation and evaluation of a 2.4 GHz multi-hop WSN: LoS, NLoS, different floors, and outdoor-to-indoor communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5170
Author(s):  
Vasin Chaoboworn ◽  
Yoschanin Sasiwat ◽  
Dujdow Buranapanichkit ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Apidet Booranawong
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Communication Reliability ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard ◽  
Test Scenarios ◽  
Non Line Of Sight

In this paper, the communication reliability of a 2.4 GHz multi-hop wireless sensor network (WSN) in various test scenarios is evaluated through experiments. First, we implement an autonomous communication procedure for a multi-hop WSN on Tmote sky sensor nodes; 2.4 GHz, an IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Here, all nodes including a transmitter node (Tx), forwarder nodes (Fw), and a base station node (BS) can automatically work for transmitting and receiving data. The experiments have been tested in different scenarios including: i) in a room, ii) line-of-sight (LoS) communications on the 2nd floor of a building, iii) LoS and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) communications on the 1st floor to the 2nd floor, iv) LoS and NLoS communications from outdoor to the 1st and the 2nd floors of the building. The experimental results demonstrate that the communication reliability indicated by the packet delivery ratio (PDR) can vary from 99.89% in the case of i) to 14.40% in the case of iv), respectively. Here, the experiments reveal that multi-hop wireless commutations for outdoor to indoor with different floors and NLoS largely affect the PDR results, where the PDR more decreases from the best case (i.e., the case of a)) by 85.49%. Our research methodology and findings can be useful for users and researchers to carefully consider and deploy an efficient 2.4 GHz multi-hop WSN in their works, since different WSN applications require different communication reliability level.

Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols in Distributed Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 247-271
Author(s):  
Yupeng Hu ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Network

As an enabling network technology, energy efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol plays a vital role in a battery-powered distributed sensor network. MAC protocols control how sensor nodes access a shared radio channel to communicate with each other. This chapter discusses the key elements of MAC design with an emphasis on energy efficiency. Furthermore, it reviews several typical MAC protocols proposed in the literature, comparing their energy conservation mechanism. Particularly, it presents a Collaborative Compression Based MAC (CCP-MAC) protocol, which takes advantage of the overheard data to achieve energy savings. Finally, it compares the performance of CCP-MAC with related MAC protocols, illustrating their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control Protocols for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks: A Comparative Survey

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Luitel ◽  
Sangman Moh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

The increase of application areas in wireless sensor networks demands novel solutions in terms of energy consumption and radio frequency management. Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) are key for ensuring efficient spectrum management, by making it possible to use the unused licensed frequency spectrum together with the unlicensed frequency spectrum. Sensor nodes powered by energy-constrained batteries necessarily require energy-efficient protocols at the routing and medium access control (MAC) layers. In CRSNs, energy efficiency is more important because the sensor nodes consume additional energy for spectrum sensing and management. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no survey on “energy-efficient” MAC protocols for CRSNs in the literature, even though a conceptual review on MAC protocols for CRSNs was presented at a conference recently. In this paper, energy-efficient MAC protocols for CRSNs are extensively surveyed and qualitatively compared. Open issues, and research challenges in the design of MAC protocols for CRSNs, are also discussed.

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