scholarly journals Determination of the probationary period in application of article 75 of the CC of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
A.I. Sosonsʹka
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Probationary Period

The article considers the concept, criminal-legal significance, the order of appointment and calculation of the probation period in the application of criminal law on release of a person from the sentence imposed on him by a conviction in accordance with Art. 75, 78 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The views of scholars on determining the beginning of the probationary period, which is appointed by the court in accordance with its discretion, on the basis of Part 3 of Article 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in passing a court conviction and its duration. The issue of the possibility of agreeing on the probation period by the parties to the criminal proceedings when concluding a plea or conciliation agreement is covered separately and the practice of the Criminal Court of Cassation on this issue is presented. The article raises the issue of assigning to a person sentenced to probation a certain range of responsibilities provided for in Art. 76 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The case law on determining the duration of the probationary period in the activities of individual courts is studied and opinions on this issue are given. The procedure, grounds and procedure for supervision of persons released from serving a probation sentence on the basis of Art. 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are covered. The powers of the authorized body for probation to prepare a petition to the court to release the convict from the sentence imposed on him in connection with the expiration of the probation period were analyzed. It is proposed to enshrine in law a specific period during which the authorized body would be obliged to submit such a submission to the court. It is proposed to regulate the basic requirements in the legislation when determining the duration of the probationary period.

Umorzenie postępowania karnego na podstawie art. 59a k.k. – wybrane zagadnienia

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Jarosław Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings

Discontinuation of proceedings under Article 59a of the Criminal Code is a new institution in Polish criminal law. This article discusses selected issues relating to the premises for the application of Article 59a of the Criminal Code in practice. In view of the use by the legislator in Article 59a of the Criminal Code of concepts with vague meanings, their possible interpretations were proposed. It has been suggested that a rephrasing of the provision in question should be considered, in order to ensure the possibility of applying the said institution to a wider range of misdemeanours, as compensatory discontinuation is intended by the legislator to fulfil the redress function of proceedings and ensure the effectiveness and speed of criminal proceedings

MAIN SPECIFICATIONS OF ASSESSING ACTIVITIES OF MINOR IMPORTANCE OF IN MODERN CRIMINAL LAW

Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Detailed Review

The research includes the full and the detailed overview of assessing activities of minor importance in Georgian Criminal Law. The Article 7 of the Criminal Code of Georgia states the following: a crime shall not be an action that, although formally containing the signs of a crime, has not produced, for minor importance, the prejudice that would require criminal liability of its perpetrator, or has not created the risk of such harm. The research includes the main criteria of defining activities as activities of minor importance. The detailed review of Georgian case law is also introduced, as well as, legislation, judicial literature and experience of the other European countries.

scholarly journals The questions of territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Oleg Aleksandrovich Kravchenko ◽  
Roman Valer'evich Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Principle Of Legality

Accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation indicates adherence to the principle of legality in criminal proceedings and the achievement of goals on the protection of rights and lawful interests of the affected parties, as well as on protection of individual from wrongful and unfounded accusations and restrictions of their rights and freedoms. Science addresses the general questions pertaining to determination of the place of preliminary investigation, but does not give due attention to realization of discretionary powers of the higher investigating authority to determination of the place of preliminary investigation. The article reveals the essential conditions for application of such power by the investigating authority, and analyzes case law for compliance with these conditions. The conclusion is made that legislation does not contain clear and specific rules for determination of the place of preliminary investigation, including the territorial jurisdiction of advocating for the election or extension of pre-trial detention. The author describes the flaws in legal regulation associated with the possibility of determination of jurisdiction of a case in administrative proceedings, by means of law enforcement decision prior to the emergence of legal situation (for example, before  submission of a request for the election or extension of pre-trial detention) by lowering the rank of investigating authority, for example to district level. From the practical perspective, elimination of such flaws should facilitate the proper application of the corresponding legal norm, as well as accurate determination of the place of preliminary investigation.

Legal challenges in bringing AI evidence to the criminal courtroom

2021 ◽  
pp. 203228442110570
Author(s):  
Katherine Quezada-Tavárez ◽  
Plixavra Vogiatzoglou ◽  
Sofie Royer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Criminal Courtroom ◽  
European Criminal Law ◽  
Applications Of Ai

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the criminal justice system. One of the promising applications of AI in this field is the gathering and processing of evidence to investigate and prosecute crime. Despite its great potential, AI evidence also generates novel challenges to the requirements in the European criminal law landscape. This study aims to contribute to the burgeoning body of work on AI in criminal justice, elaborating upon an issue that has not received sufficient attention: the challenges triggered by AI evidence in criminal proceedings. The analysis is based on the norms and standards for evidence and fair trial, which are fleshed out in a large amount of European case law. Through the lens of AI evidence, this contribution aims to reflect on these issues and offer new perspectives, providing recommendations that would help address the identified concerns and ensure that the fair trial standards are effectively respected in the criminal courtroom.

Extradition Between European and African Countries: Overcoming the Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-319
Author(s):  
Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
African Countries ◽  
European Court ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Right

Although EU states use the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) for the purpose of surrendering a person who is accused of committing an offence or who has been convicted of an offence, they use extradition when dealing with countries outside the EU. However, they use surrender when dealing with the International Criminal Court (ICC). Thus, extradition is one of the ways in which African and European countries (especially EU members) are cooperating in the fight against crime. Case law from courts in some African and European countries and from the European Court of Human Rights, the Human Rights Committee and the Committee against Torture, shows that extraditions between African and European countries have been delayed or hampered by allegations of human rights violations in the requesting state. These allegations have focused on mainly two rights: the right to a fair trial and the right to freedom from torture. The European Court of Human Rights has held that the extradition of a person should not go ahead if his or her trial was or will amount to a flagrant denial of justice or where there is a real risk of being subjected to torture. Although African courts and international human rights bodies have also held that extradition should not go ahead where there is a real risk that the person will be subjected to torture or where his/her trial will be unfair, they have not adopted the ‘flagrant denial of justice’ test. The case law also shows that some people have challenged the legal basis for their extradition. This article highlights this case law and suggests ways in which some of the challenges associated with extradition could be overcome. The article demonstrates that courts in some African and European countries have considered the nature of extradition enquiries. In some countries, such as Kenya, courts have held that extradition enquiries are criminal proceedings. However, in the United Kingdom, courts have held that extradition enquiries are criminal proceedings of a special type. There is consensus that extradition enquiries are not civil proceedings.

Part III The Right to Justice, C Restrictions on Rules of Law Justified By Action to Combat Impunity, Principle 23 Restrictions on Prescription

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinzauti Giulia
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Right

Principle 23 deals with statutory limitations (prescription, in French) aimed at protecting defendants from stale claims that might be difficult to counter. Statutory limitations refer to legal norms that regulate the effects of the passage of time in domestic systems. In criminal law, they provide for a maximum timeframe, or prescription period, within which criminal proceedings can be instituted or sentences enforced. The passage of time makes the gathering of evidence more difficult and may also reduce the effectiveness of criminal prosecution. Significant delays in criminal action may thus impair the accused’s right to a fair trial. Furthermore, criminal proceedings tend to lose legitimacy as time passes. After providing a contextual and historical background on Principle 23, this chapter discusses its theoretical framework and how the statutory limitations have been applied in practice under multilateral treaties, domestic legislation and case-law. It also examines the practice of United Nations organs.

Crimes against Humanity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth van Schaack
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Crime ◽  
International Criminal Tribunal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Civilian Population

Crimes against humanity have both a colloquial and a legal existence. In daily parlance, the term is employed to condemn any number of atrocities that violate international human rights. As a legal construct, crimes against humanity encompass a constellation of acts made criminal under international law when they are committed within the context of a widespread and systematic attack against a civilian population. In the domain of international criminal law, crimes against humanity are an increasingly useful component of any international prosecutor’s toolbox, because they can be charged in connection with acts of violence that do not implicate other international criminal prohibitions, such as the prohibitions against war crimes (which require a nexus to an armed conflict) and genocide (which protects only certain human groups and requires proof of a specific intent to destroy such a group). Although the concept of crimes against humanity has deep roots, crimes against humanity were first adjudicated—albeit with some controversy—in the criminal proceedings following the World War II period. The central challenge to defining crimes against humanity under international criminal law since then has been to come up with a formulation of the offense that reconciles the principle of sovereignty—which envisions an exclusive territorial domain in which states are free from outside scrutiny—with the idea that international law can, and indeed should, regulate certain acts committed entirely within the borders of a single state. Because many enumerated crimes against humanity are also crimes under domestic law (e.g., murder, assault, and rape), it was necessary to define crimes against humanity in a way that did not elevate every domestic crime to the status of an international crime, subject to international jurisdiction. Over the years, legal drafters have experimented with various elements in an effort to arrive at a workable penal definition. The definitional confusion plaguing the crime over its life span generated a considerable amount of legal scholarship. It was not until the UN Security Council promulgated the statutes of the two ad hoc international criminal tribunals—the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda—that a modern definition of the crime emerged. These definitions were further refined by the case law of the two tribunals and their progeny, such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone. All these doctrinal developments were codified, with some additional modifications, in a consensus definition in Article 7 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It is now clear that the offense constitutes three essential elements: (1) the existence of a widespread or systematic attack against a civilian population and (2) the intentional commission of an enumerated act (such as an act of murder or torture) (3) by an individual with knowledge that his or her act would contribute to the larger attack. A renewed effort is now afoot to promulgate a multilateral treaty devoted to crimes against humanity based on the ICC definition and these central elements. Through this dynamic process of codification and interpretation, many—but not all—definitional issues left open in the postwar period have finally been resolved. Although their origins were somewhat shaky, crimes against humanity now have a firm place in the canon of international criminal law.

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PENGGELAPAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JABATAN MENURUT PASAL 374 KUHP DALAM PENDEKATAN TEORI PEMIDANAAN (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan Nomor 1316/Pid.B/2017/PN.Jkt.Sel)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Miftakul Muntaha ◽  
Kartono Kartono
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Different Types

The crime that is rife and continues to grow until now is a crime against property. One crime that is a crime against property is a crime of embezzlement. Crimes of embezzlement are regulated in book II of the Criminal Law Act in Articles 372 - 377 KUHP which is a crime that often occurs in various layers of the lower layers of society, abuse of trust that dominates as the main element of this crime. Embezzlement has different types, one of which is embezzlement by occupation is a community disease that is closely related to crime, which in its historical process from generation to generation turns out that the crime is a crime that harms others and or the agency where the offender works. Criminal acts against embezzlement by position must be different from ordinary embezzlement because there are incriminating elements in it as regulated in the Criminal Code. Judges' considerations and legal facts are an influential part in determining the sanction imposed in criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Dehumanisasi Pada Penerapan Hukum Pidana Secara Berlebihan (Overspanning van het Straftrecht)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Ramdan Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
The Right

 ABSTRAKJika melihat kecenderungan proses penerapan pemidanaan di Indonesia, maka dapat kita lihat bahwasanya banyak proses pemidanaan yang diterapkan secara berlebihan. Tentunya hal ini menyebapkan adanya over ciminalization pada penerapan pemidanaan yang tentu saja hal ini menyebapkan adanya ketidak harmonisan dalam penerapan hukum pidana yang mana meniadakan rasa kemanusiaan yang berujung pada banyak gejala dehumanisasi yang terjadi. Pada penelitian ini mengunakan jenis jenis penelitian hukum normative dengan mengunakan pendekatan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statue Approach), Pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case Approach). Penelitian ini bertjuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana  penerapan hukum pidana yang ada di Indonesia saat ini dan Bagaimana Prospektif hukum pidana dan pemidanaan yang ada di Indonesia?.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Bahwa penerapan hukum pemidanaan di Indonesia saat ini, masih meninggalkan beberapa catatan penting antara lain; banyak Terjadinya Over Criminalization dan banyaknya terjadi Dekonstruksi Pidana dan Pemidanaan di Indonesia dimana dekonstruksi itu antara lain; Pertama, Terjadinya Over Kapasitas Lapas dan Rutan, kedua, Pengaturan Hukuman Mati yang Sangat Massif; ketiga, Kebijakan Hukum Yang Over Pada Penghinaan Di Media Sosial; keempat, Dalam Penyidikan Kriminal Penyidik Mencari Bukti Dengan Kejahatan (penyiksaaan); kelima, Inkonsistensi Hak  Atas Perkara Cuma-Cuma (prodeo). Bahwa Prospektif Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana dan Pemidanaan Yang Ada di Indonesia harus didasarkan pada beberapa hal, antara lain: Pedekatan Restorative Justice dalam Penerapan Pemidanaan; Pendekatan Ultimum remedium dalam penerapan pemidanaan; Reformasi Kelembagaan Lembaga Penegak Hukum; dan Revisi Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Kata Kunci: Dehumanisasi, Over Criminalization, Restorative Justice, Ultimum remediumABSTRACTIf we look at the trend of the process of implementing criminal punishment in Indonesia, we can see that many criminal proceedings are over-applied. Of course this implies over ciminalization in the application of punishment, which of course imposes a disharmony in the application of criminal law which negates the sense of humanity which leads to many symptoms of dehumanization that occur. In this study using the type of normative legal research using the approach of legislation approach (Statue Approach), conceptual approach (Conseptual Approach), and case approach (case approach). This research aims to find out how the application of criminal law in Indonesia today and How is the prospect of criminal law and punishment in Indonesia ?. The results of this study indicate that the current application of the criminal law in Indonesia still leaves some important notes, among others; there is a lot of Over Criminalization and many cases of Criminal Deconstruction and Criminalization in Indonesia where deconstruction is among others; First, the occurrence of over-capacity of prisons and detention centers, second, the regulation of extremely mass death sentences; third, the Legal Policy Over Over Insulting on Social Media; fourth, In Criminal Investigations Investigators Seek Evidence With Crime (torture); fifth, the Inconsistency of the Right to Free Cases (prodeo). That the Prospective Criminal Law and Penalty Existing in Indonesia must be based on several things, including: Restorative Justice Approach in the Application of Penalty; Ultimum remedium approach in the application of punishment; Institutional Reform of Law Enforcement Agencies; and Revision of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Keywords: Dehumanization, Over Criminalization, Restorative Justice, Ultimum remedium

scholarly journals Substantial Violation of Human Rights and Freedoms as a Prerequisite for Inadmissibility of Evidence

Justicia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Serhii Yevhenovych Ablamskyi ◽  
Liudmyla Volodymyrivna Havryliuk ◽  
Valentyna Georgievna Drozd ◽  
Olena Volodymyrivna Nenia
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
General Scientific

Objective: The aim of the article is to analyze the various legal and theoretical provisions related to the determination of legal content of the concept of finding evidence inadmissible due to substantial violation of human rights and freedoms. Method: The authors use general scientific and special methods that enable to obtain scientifically sound conclusions and proposals. In particular, scientific methods, such as dialectical, comparative-legal, system-structural, generalization and logical, are applied. Results: The problematic issues of the procedure for finding evidence inadmissible due to substantial violation of human rights and freedoms in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine are studied. Some essential violations in collecting evidence by the prosecution are under focus. The ECHR’s case-law with regard to procedure for finding evidence inadmissible is analyzed. The implementation of the doctrine of "fruit of the poisonous tree" and specificity of its application to direct and derivative evidence by domestic courts and the case law of the ECHR is considered. Conclusions: The authors argue that the investigator is required to comply with the procedure for investigative actions prescribed by the provisions of the CPC of Ukraine in order to ensure human rights and freedoms. The analysis of the application of provisions of the CPC of Ukraine and the ECHR’s case law regarding the issue raised enables to formulate sound conclusions.

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