Umorzenie postępowania karnego na podstawie art. 59a k.k. – wybrane zagadnienia

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Jarosław Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings

Discontinuation of proceedings under Article 59a of the Criminal Code is a new institution in Polish criminal law. This article discusses selected issues relating to the premises for the application of Article 59a of the Criminal Code in practice. In view of the use by the legislator in Article 59a of the Criminal Code of concepts with vague meanings, their possible interpretations were proposed. It has been suggested that a rephrasing of the provision in question should be considered, in order to ensure the possibility of applying the said institution to a wider range of misdemeanours, as compensatory discontinuation is intended by the legislator to fulfil the redress function of proceedings and ensure the effectiveness and speed of criminal proceedings

scholarly journals PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU PENGGELAPAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JABATAN MENURUT PASAL 374 KUHP DALAM PENDEKATAN TEORI PEMIDANAAN (Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan Nomor 1316/Pid.B/2017/PN.Jkt.Sel)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Miftakul Muntaha ◽  
Kartono Kartono
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Different Types

The crime that is rife and continues to grow until now is a crime against property. One crime that is a crime against property is a crime of embezzlement. Crimes of embezzlement are regulated in book II of the Criminal Law Act in Articles 372 - 377 KUHP which is a crime that often occurs in various layers of the lower layers of society, abuse of trust that dominates as the main element of this crime. Embezzlement has different types, one of which is embezzlement by occupation is a community disease that is closely related to crime, which in its historical process from generation to generation turns out that the crime is a crime that harms others and or the agency where the offender works. Criminal acts against embezzlement by position must be different from ordinary embezzlement because there are incriminating elements in it as regulated in the Criminal Code. Judges' considerations and legal facts are an influential part in determining the sanction imposed in criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Dehumanisasi Pada Penerapan Hukum Pidana Secara Berlebihan (Overspanning van het Straftrecht)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Ramdan Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
The Right

 ABSTRAKJika melihat kecenderungan proses penerapan pemidanaan di Indonesia, maka dapat kita lihat bahwasanya banyak proses pemidanaan yang diterapkan secara berlebihan. Tentunya hal ini menyebapkan adanya over ciminalization pada penerapan pemidanaan yang tentu saja hal ini menyebapkan adanya ketidak harmonisan dalam penerapan hukum pidana yang mana meniadakan rasa kemanusiaan yang berujung pada banyak gejala dehumanisasi yang terjadi. Pada penelitian ini mengunakan jenis jenis penelitian hukum normative dengan mengunakan pendekatan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statue Approach), Pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case Approach). Penelitian ini bertjuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana  penerapan hukum pidana yang ada di Indonesia saat ini dan Bagaimana Prospektif hukum pidana dan pemidanaan yang ada di Indonesia?.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Bahwa penerapan hukum pemidanaan di Indonesia saat ini, masih meninggalkan beberapa catatan penting antara lain; banyak Terjadinya Over Criminalization dan banyaknya terjadi Dekonstruksi Pidana dan Pemidanaan di Indonesia dimana dekonstruksi itu antara lain; Pertama, Terjadinya Over Kapasitas Lapas dan Rutan, kedua, Pengaturan Hukuman Mati yang Sangat Massif; ketiga, Kebijakan Hukum Yang Over Pada Penghinaan Di Media Sosial; keempat, Dalam Penyidikan Kriminal Penyidik Mencari Bukti Dengan Kejahatan (penyiksaaan); kelima, Inkonsistensi Hak  Atas Perkara Cuma-Cuma (prodeo). Bahwa Prospektif Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana dan Pemidanaan Yang Ada di Indonesia harus didasarkan pada beberapa hal, antara lain: Pedekatan Restorative Justice dalam Penerapan Pemidanaan; Pendekatan Ultimum remedium dalam penerapan pemidanaan; Reformasi Kelembagaan Lembaga Penegak Hukum; dan Revisi Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Kata Kunci: Dehumanisasi, Over Criminalization, Restorative Justice, Ultimum remediumABSTRACTIf we look at the trend of the process of implementing criminal punishment in Indonesia, we can see that many criminal proceedings are over-applied. Of course this implies over ciminalization in the application of punishment, which of course imposes a disharmony in the application of criminal law which negates the sense of humanity which leads to many symptoms of dehumanization that occur. In this study using the type of normative legal research using the approach of legislation approach (Statue Approach), conceptual approach (Conseptual Approach), and case approach (case approach). This research aims to find out how the application of criminal law in Indonesia today and How is the prospect of criminal law and punishment in Indonesia ?. The results of this study indicate that the current application of the criminal law in Indonesia still leaves some important notes, among others; there is a lot of Over Criminalization and many cases of Criminal Deconstruction and Criminalization in Indonesia where deconstruction is among others; First, the occurrence of over-capacity of prisons and detention centers, second, the regulation of extremely mass death sentences; third, the Legal Policy Over Over Insulting on Social Media; fourth, In Criminal Investigations Investigators Seek Evidence With Crime (torture); fifth, the Inconsistency of the Right to Free Cases (prodeo). That the Prospective Criminal Law and Penalty Existing in Indonesia must be based on several things, including: Restorative Justice Approach in the Application of Penalty; Ultimum remedium approach in the application of punishment; Institutional Reform of Law Enforcement Agencies; and Revision of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Keywords: Dehumanization, Over Criminalization, Restorative Justice, Ultimum remedium

scholarly journals Criminal legal basis for an expedited trial procedure provided by the chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-208
Author(s):  
A. V. Boyarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Court Ruling ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Court Proceedings

The subject of study is the criminal-legal basis for an expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling when the accused person agrees with the charge. These issues are relevant, since in July 2020 the substantive legal basis of the expedited procedure in Russia was changed and now this procedure can only be applied in criminal cases of small and medium gravity.The aim of this work is to study the substantive legal basis of an expedited procedure of litigation from the point of view of the changes were made to it. The author expresses the thesis that the legislators did not quite reasonably link criminal-legal grounds of the expedited procedure with the system of categories of crimes.The methodology. The author used general scientific methods (dialectical, historical, methods of formal logic, system analysis) as well as method of formal legal interpretation of Russian Criminal Code and judicial decisions of Russian courts.The main results, scope of application. The criminal and legal basis of certain criminal procedure is a package of criminal law standards, for the implementation of which a certain criminal and procedural form is intended. The parameters of the substantive basis of criminal proceedings are set with the signs that shall be indicated in the Code of Criminal Procedure and may change. It directly refers to the expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling, by Chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code. Initially, it was assumed that the application of this procedure is permissible in criminal cases concerning crimes the punishment for which does not exceed 5 years imprisonment in accordance with the Russian Criminal Code. The expedited court proceedings began to be applied in criminal cases concerning crimes, the punishment for which does not exceed 10 years imprisonment in accordance with the Russian Criminal Code, since 2003. The Russian Supreme Court made an attempt to reduce the application of court proceedings provided by Chapter 40 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code in 2019. It turned out to be successful. Legislators have changed the basic criterion that determines the substantive basis for an expedited procedure for adopting a court ruling. Now the system of categories of crimes is this basis. The system of categories of crimes presented in Article 15 of the Russian Criminal Code is not stable enough and is based on a set of provisions of this Code, but the sanctions for many crimes are not scientifically and practically grounded in this Code. In addition, the classification of crimes enshrined in Article 15 of the Russian Criminal Code is based on such a criterion as the nature and degree of public danger of the crime. These categories are among the most complex in the science of criminal law.Conclusions. The use of categories of crimes as a criterion for determining the criminal legal basis of the expedited procedure for making a court decision significantly complicates the application of the expedited procedure.

scholarly journals Problems of proving guilt in criminal cases in connection with tax evasion

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
V. V. Dubrovin
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation

The establishment of an intentional form of guilt and its specific type is mandatory for the implementation of the provisions of Art. 8 of the Criminal Code. In criminal proceedings in connection with tax evasion, a direct intent should be established in the act of the accused, otherwise the provisions of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2006 No. 64 “On the practice of criminal law on liability for tax offenses”. One of the proofs of direct intent in the act of the accused may be the decision of the tax authority to prosecute for the tax offense, made according to the results of tax control measures (in-house or on-site tax audits). In the event that it establishes an imprudent form of the taxpayer’s guilt in committing a tax offense, in proving the guilt of the accused in the course of criminal proceedings there may be an intractable contradiction.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF NON BIS IN IDEM IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS RIGHT UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Olishchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
European Court

The article analyzes the principle of non bis in idem in the context of the criminal legislation of Ukraine, as well as the identification of cases of violations of this principle by law enforcement bodies during the qualification of criminal offences and during the issue of judicial decisions. It is noted that criminal law is a branch of law that is connected with the establishment of a ban on committing a certain act under the threat of the application by the state of measures of coercion of a criminal nature. The establishment of such a ban and the determination of measures of criminal-legal coercion, as a consequence, for its violation, is potentially related to the restriction of human rights. Obviously, the restriction of these rights cannot be arbitrary and chaotic, but must be subject to certain rules, ideas, which reflect the general development of society. These include the principles of criminal law, in particular the principle of criminal law, enshrined in art. Article 61 of the Constitution of Ukraine states: “No one can be brought to legal responsibility twice for the same type of offence”. According to Article 2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, “no one may be brought to criminal responsibility for the same criminal offence more than once”. The article highlights the characteristic features of the investigated principle. It is stated that its role is extremely important for the internal construction of the field of law, as well as the correct normalisation and law enforcement. There are cases of violations of this principle by law enforcement bodies during the qualification of criminal offences and during the issue of judicial decisions, on examples of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and Ukrainian judicial proceedings. The European Court of Human Rights’s case-law on the application of Article 4 of the Convention is inconsistent and, in some cases, even contradictory. The principle of non bis in idem in the resolution of the question of the inadmissibility of double incrimination ensures the observance of the rights of the person during the implementation of criminal prosecution, as well as ensures the completeness of criminal legal qualification, the individualization of criminal responsibility and punishment.

scholarly journals Problem issues of objectives and motives in composition of crimes against the basis of national security of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
R. Chorniy
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Dual Interpretation ◽  
The One ◽  
Subjective Side

Important criminal value, first of all, for the proper qualification of the crimes provided by Art. 109 - 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the justice of the punished person is punished by the purpose and motive of the crime, which are independent psychological features of the subjective party, which, in turn, is not limited to the subject's attitude to the socially dangerous act or omission committed by him and its consequences. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems that arise in determining the purpose and motives of crimes against the basics of national security and to formulate proposals to improve the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The investigations of the indicated features of the subjective side of the warehouses of criminals provided for in Art. 109 - 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine demonstrated that the science of criminal law presents different approaches of the authors to understanding the purpose and motives of the basic and qualified compositions of crimes against the bases of national security of Ukraine. Articles of Section I of the Special Part of the Criminal Code are designed in such a way as to presuppose on the one hand a dual interpretation of some subjective features of the crime, on the other - the obligatory features of the subjective party specified in them are superfluous or those which are fixed in violation of the normative design rules technology. Yes, the following issues remain unresolved today: From the point of view of the legislative proposal, the position regarding the necessity to anticipate as a constructive feature of public calls and dissemination of materials with calls for action, provided for in Part 2 of Art. 109 and Part 1 of Art. 110 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, a special purpose, since the proposed approach will create difficulties in proving by the investigators and the court the guilt of the person in committing the relevant crime. Predicting the purpose of the crime as a mandatory feature in the note to Art. 110-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not fully correspond to the main purpose of the said constructive part of the criminal law norms and rules of the normative design technique, and also leads to narrowing the scope of the said article, difficulties in proving in criminal proceedings. the provisions of Part 1 of Art. 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine give grounds for claiming that there is a so-called "double" purpose in it, which creates certain difficulties for qualification and prosecution of the perpetrator precisely for treason. Damage not only to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability, defense capacity, state, economic or information security of Ukraine, but also to other types of state security may be desirable for the subject. Features of the technical and legal design of the disposition of Art. 112 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is the basis of different approaches of the authors to understanding the obligatory features of the subjective side of the crime committed by it. Only motive, purpose and motive, purpose or motive that does not facilitate their correct interpretation by law enforcement officials and court practice are considered such.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability of Legal Persons in Light of the Subsidiarity of Criminal Repression

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Pavel Kotlán
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This paper deals with the definition of (substantive) subsidiarity of criminal repression and the possibility of its application to the criminal liability of legal persons. After defining the liability of legal persons in the relevant legal regulations, the paper presents an interpretation of subsidiarity in Section 12(2) of the Criminal Code that is significantly different from the “official” opinion. Subsequently, the paper discusses certain criminal law situations in which the application of subsidiarity would lead to the conclusion that the legal person is not punishable (“non-criminality”). The first aim was thus to present the theoretical concept of subsidiarity of criminal repression, which would be methodologically correct, and therefore generally applicable. The second objective was directed at demonstrating that this construct can be applied to specific examples of the liability of legal persons, that is, that it can be applied to the activities of the bodies in charge of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Determination of the probationary period in application of article 75 of the CC of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
A.I. Sosonsʹka
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Probationary Period

The article considers the concept, criminal-legal significance, the order of appointment and calculation of the probation period in the application of criminal law on release of a person from the sentence imposed on him by a conviction in accordance with Art. 75, 78 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The views of scholars on determining the beginning of the probationary period, which is appointed by the court in accordance with its discretion, on the basis of Part 3 of Article 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in passing a court conviction and its duration. The issue of the possibility of agreeing on the probation period by the parties to the criminal proceedings when concluding a plea or conciliation agreement is covered separately and the practice of the Criminal Court of Cassation on this issue is presented. The article raises the issue of assigning to a person sentenced to probation a certain range of responsibilities provided for in Art. 76 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The case law on determining the duration of the probationary period in the activities of individual courts is studied and opinions on this issue are given. The procedure, grounds and procedure for supervision of persons released from serving a probation sentence on the basis of Art. 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are covered. The powers of the authorized body for probation to prepare a petition to the court to release the convict from the sentence imposed on him in connection with the expiration of the probation period were analyzed. It is proposed to enshrine in law a specific period during which the authorized body would be obliged to submit such a submission to the court. It is proposed to regulate the basic requirements in the legislation when determining the duration of the probationary period.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Александр Вячеславович ФЕДОРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Usual Procedure ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
General Part ◽  
Legal Entities

Статья посвящена вопросам введения уголовной ответственности юридических лиц на Украине. Рассматриваются попытки установления такой ответственности при подготовке нового Уголовного кодекса Украины и в дальнейшем путем принятия в 2009 г. специального уголовного закона об ответственности юридических лиц за совершение коррупционных преступлений. Украина стала первым из постсоветских государств, включившим такие нормы не в уголовный кодекс, а в специальный закон - комплексный нормативный правовой акт, содержащий нормы уголовного и уголовно-процессуального законодательства. Отмечается, что этот закон являлся действующим лишь 4 дня, и приводятся причины признания его утратившим силу. Повторно уголовная ответственность была установлена путем внесения в 2013 г. в Уголовный кодекс Украины изменений, согласно которым юридические лица признаются не субъектами уголовных правонарушений, а субъектами уголовной ответственности, заключающейся в применении судом в уголовно-процессуальном порядке мер уголовно-правового характера в отношении юридического лица. Применение таких мер возможно в случаях совершения уполномоченным физическим лицом уголовных правонарушений (преступлений и уголовных проступков), специально указанных в Общей части Уголовного кодекса Украины. Рассматриваются применяемые к юридическим лицам виды мер уголовно-правового характера: штраф, конфискация и ликвидация юридического лица. Приводятся правила применения к юридическим лицам мер уголовно-правового характера и основания для освобождения юридического лица от применения к нему таких мер. Отмечается, что уголовное судопроизводство по делам об уголовных правонарушениях, при совершении которых к юридическим лицам могут быть применены меры уголовно-правового характера, осуществляется в соответствии с обычной процедурой с учетом особенностей, предусмотренных Уголовно-процессуальным кодексом Украины. Дается краткая характеристика этих особенностей, в том числе указывается, что от имени юридического лица в уголовном процессе участвует его представитель. Рассматриваются его права и обязанности. The article is devoted to the issues of introducing criminal liability of legal entities in Ukraine. The article considers attempts to establish such liability in the preparation of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine and further by the adoption in 2009 of a special criminal law on liability of legal entities for committing corruption crimes. Ukraine became the first of the post-Soviet states to include such norms not in the criminal code, but in a special law - a comprehensive normative legal act containing the norms of criminal and criminal procedural legislation. It is noted that this law was in effect for only 4 days and the reasons for recognizing it as invalid are given. Criminal liability was re-established by introducing amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in 2013, according to which legal entities are recognized not as subjects of criminal offenses, but as subjects of criminal liability, which consists in the application by the court in the criminal procedural procedure of measures of a criminal-legal nature in relation to a legal entity. The application of such measures is possible in cases of committing by an authorized individual of criminal offenses (crimes and criminal offenses), specially specified in the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The types of measures of a criminal-legal nature applied to legal entities are considered: fines, confiscation and liquidation of a legal entity. The rules for the application of measures of a criminal-legal nature to legal entities and the grounds for exempting a legal entity from applying such measures to it are given. It is noted that criminal proceedings on cases of criminal offences in commission of which measures of criminal law nature can be applied to legal persons, is carried out in accordance with the usual procedure taking into account the peculiarities provided by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. A brief description of these peculiarities is given, including the fact that on behalf of a legal entity its representative participates in criminal proceedings. The rights and obligations of the representative are considered.

scholarly journals Security Measures In Ukraine’ Criminal And Criminal Procedure Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
V.V. Shpiliarevych
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law

The article is dedicated to the study of security measures in criminal and criminal procedural law of Ukraine. Determined by the influence of integration and globalization processes, there is a tendency of convergence of various branches of law, including criminal and criminal procedural law. Therefore, the implementation of a modern effective policy in the field of crime prevention in Ukraine requires an improvement of existing preventive measures and development of new ones, both at the international and national levels. That is why, criminal and criminal procedure measures, namely security measures, play an important role in ensuring the protection of a person's interests against internal and external threats. In particular, criminal-law security measures should be understood as a variety of measures of criminal nature, provided by the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which appliedn to a person, which is in «dangerous state», on behalf of the state on by reasonable court decision, in order to prevent the re-committing of a socially dangerous act, which predicted by the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. From a criminal procedural point of view, security measures (measures to ensure the safety of participants in criminal proceedings) - is the implementation of legal, organizational, technical and other measures aimed to protect life, health, housing, property, honor and dignity of a person against unlawful attacks, in order to create the necessary conditions for the proper administration of justice. As a conclusion, the author states that the security measures existing in the criminal law of Ukraine differ from the security measures of criminal procedural character, by its nature, system, subjects to which such measures are applied, the purposes and aims of its application.

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