scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Long Day Onion (Allium cepa L.) through Principal Component and Single Linkage Cluster Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Singh S R ◽  
Ahamed N ◽  
Srivastava K K ◽  
Kumar D ◽  
Yousuf S
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Loading ◽  
High Positive Loading ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
Linkage Cluster ◽  
Bulb Yield

To assess the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity in long day onion germplasm by using the principal component analysis and single linkage cluster analysis an experiment was carried out with 34 onion genotypes. High coefficient of variation with wide range in traits indicated an appreciable variability in germplasm. Genotypes were classified into seven principal components having Eigen value > 1, cumulatively accounted for 83.87% of total variability. Principal Component - I contributed for 24.73% of total variation for followed by principal component-II (15.27%). PC-I had high positive loading for bulb weight (0.401), marketable yield (0.338), total bulb yield (0.401) and PC-II had high positive loading for plant height (0.412), PC-III for high T.S.S. (0.276) PC -IV for A grade bulbs (0.436), PC-V for polar diameter of bulbs (0.514), PC-IV negatively loaded with purple blotch (-0.461) and PC-VII for narrow neck thickness (-0 .515). Plotting PC-I aganist PC-II differenciated CITH-O-13, CITH-O-4, CITH-O-22, CITH-O-19, CITH-O-9, CITH-O-6 and CITH-O2 as most divergent genotype.On the basis of single linkage cluster means cluster-I was most importent for average bulb weight, minimum bolters, high marketble bulb percentage high marketable and total bulb yield whereas cluster -II was important for maximum nuber of leaves/plant and minimum neck thicknes. Highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluter II and Cluster-I(873.5% ).Most divergent genotypes with high inter cluter distance could be the most appropriate parents for crop impovement in onion.

Genetic Diversity Assessment in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L.) Based on Principal Component Analysis and Single Linkage Cluster Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Singh ◽  
S. Rajan ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
V.K. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
Linkage Cluster

Background: Dolichos bean occupies a unique position among the legume vegetables of Indian origin for its high nutritive value and wider climatic adaptability. Despite its wide genetic diversity, no much effort has been undertaken towards genetic improvement of this vegetable crop. Knowledge on genetic variability is an essential pre-requisite as hybrid between two diverse parental lines generates broad spectrum of variability in segregating population. The current study aims to assess the genetic diversity in dolichos genotypes to make an effective selection for yield improvement.Methods: Twenty genotypes collected from different regions were evaluated during year 2016-17 and 2017-18. Data on twelve quantitative traits was analysed using principal component analysis and single linkage cluster analysis for estimation of genetic diversity.Result: Principal component analysis revealed that first five principal components possessed Eigen value greater than 1, cumulatively contributed greater than 82.53% of total variability. The characters positively contributing towards PC-I to PC-V may be considered for dolichos improvement programme as they are major traits involved in genetic variation of pod yield. All genotypes were grouped into three clusters showing non parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. Cluster-I was best for earliness and number of cluster/plant. Cluster-II for vine length, per cent fruit set, pod length, pod width, pod weight and number of seed /pod, cluster III for number of pods/cluster and pod yield /plant. Selection of parent genotypes from divergent cluster and component having more than one positive trait of interest for hybridization is likely to give better progenies for development of high yielding varieties in Dolichos bean.

Genetic variability determination in garden pea (Pisum sativum L sub sp. hortense Asch. and Graebn.) by using the multivariate analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Singh ◽  
N. Ahmed ◽  
D. B. Singh ◽  
K. K. Srivastva ◽  
R. K. Singhand Abid Mir
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
Linkage Cluster ◽  
Pod Length

A total of 32 genotypes collected from different geographical areas evaluated at one site to determine the genetic variability. Considerable diversity was found in different traits of horticultural importance. Principal component analysis showed more than 84 % of total multivariate variation for important traits in different genotypes. Pod yield, pod length,10 pods weight and pods per plant were found to be major traits contributing towards principal component-I. Similarly, seeds per pod, secondary branches/plant, pod length were main positive contributing traits towards second component. Ten pod weight, pod width were positively contributing component towards principal component third. Pods per plant and shelling percentage were main traits contributing to principal component-IV, where as plant height, pod length and pod width were major positively contributing traits towards principal component -V. PS-1100, Meethi Phali, PB-87 and FC-1 were most divergent genotypes. On the basis of cluster mean of single linkage cluster analysis, Custer-I was best for number of primary branches and shelling percentage, Cluster -II for plant height,10 pods weight and pod yield per plant, cluster-III for number of pods /plants and cluster IV for pod length. Selection of genotypes from divergent clusters and components having more than one positive traits for hybridization programme may lead to improvement in yield and quality of pea.

Associations Between Individuals and Classes in Groups of Different Size in a Population of Western Gray Kangaroos, Macropus-Fuliginosus

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
DE Steven ◽  
A Grassia
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
The Times ◽  
Linkage Cluster

Associations between different classes of animals, and between individuals, were analysed in a population of 150-170 western grey kangaroos living in a 300-ha remnant of wandoo woodland and adjacent farmland. The commonest group size was one, and 71% of groups were of three or fewer individuals. Females with juveniles at foot were seen in a significantly different distribution of group sizes than females without juveniles, or males. The associations between classes in groups of 2, 3 and 4 changed with the size of group. In groups of two, but not in groups of three and four, males were seen together more frequently than expected. Females without juveniles at foot associated with their peers more frequently than expected in groups of two and three, but those with juveniles at foot associated with their peers less frequently than expected. Other associations between classes were significantly different from expectation. About 70% of the sub-adult and adult animals were individually identifiable by numbered collars. The highest frequency of association of one individual with another was less than 40% of the times the two were seen on the same night. However, nearly all individuals had statistically significant associations with one or more individual in each year, and dissociations with others. The associations did not persist from year to year. The overall group social structure, as shown by single-linkage cluster analysis, was for individuals to associate with others of the same sex, although sub-adults were more generally associated with adult females. The overall level of association was lower in males than in females and juveniles.

scholarly journals Variability analysis of some genotypes in Nigeria tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 050-061
Author(s):  
Olayinka Olufemi Olaniyi ◽  
Olusola Babatunde Kehinde ◽  
Amos Adegbola Oloyede ◽  
Omotayo Olalekan Adenuga ◽  
Kayode Olufemi Ayegboyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Linkage Cluster ◽  
Number Of Branches

Thirty four tea clones were sourced from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria tea germplasm and raised through stem cuttings for 10 months in the nursery. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in 2016. Agronomic and yield data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance. Single linkage cluster analysis (SLCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and FATCLUS analysis were employed to analyse the data. ANOVA showed considerable significant variation p<0.05 among the 34 tea genotypes. The PCA showed that Plant Height (PH) 0.39, Number of Leaves (NL) 0.38, Number of Branches (NB) 0.37, Harvestable Points (HP) 0.31, Stem Diameter 0.39 and Leaf Breadth 0.30 accounted for most of the variations observed. Axes 1, 2 and 3 of the PCA accounted for 37.23%, 15.48% and 10.75% variability respectively with cumulative value of 63.47%. The genotypes were clustered into 7 groups by FASTCLUS Analysis. The dendrogram showed that the first cluster was observed between NGC29 and NGC 47 at 0.08 level of similarity. At 0.50 level of similarity the dendrogram revealed 5 distinct groups. Therefore, variation exists among the tea germplasm in Nigeria thereby suggests further presenting opportunities for further varietal development.

scholarly journals Performance and character contributions to variability in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ohiosinmuan Idehen ◽  
Oluwafunmibi Eunice Ola
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Single Linkage Cluster ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Linkage Cluster ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Plant Plant

Abstract Okra is an important vegetable crop, but its optimal production is constrained by a myriad of problems including pests, poor agronomic practices, and improper varietal identification among others. A study was carried out to determine the field performance and contribution of agronomic characters to overall variation in eighteen okra genotypes over two locations, Teaching and Research Farms of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria and Rehoboth Farms Limited, Moniya, Ibadan, Nigeria. The experiments were laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and data were collected on number of days to emergence, number of days to 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, plant height, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, number of ridges per pod, 100 seed weight, seed, and pod yield. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, heritability in the broad sense, principal component analysis as well as the single linkage cluster analysis. Results revealed significant (p <0.05) variation in the genotypes and high heritability estimates for most of the characters. Number of branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant accounted for the highest contributor to variations in the accessions while clustering analysis revealed genotypes; NGB00303, NGB00342 and NGB00346 were distant from all genotypes making them useful materials for hybridization studies.

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