scholarly journals Sustainable Transportation on University Campus: A Case at UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, Malaysia and Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Nurhazirah Hashim ◽  
Veera Pandiyan Kaliani Sundram ◽  
Siti Halijjah Shariff ◽  
Amin Pujiati ◽  
Anindya Ardiansari
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
University Campus ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
The Impact

  Abstract: The increased awareness of the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and consumption of fossil fuels on the environment has led to world-wide research focused on sustainable transportation solutions. University campuses are one of the affected environments involved in this issue as a high dependency on private vehicles causes’ traffic congestion in the campus area particularly during peak hours leading to concerns about parking especially for the established universities. Therefore, alternative transport solutions should be considered in minimizing the environmental consequences specifically within the campus area. This study aims to examine the extent of sustainable transportation practices implemented by a university campus in a developing country, Malaysia and Indonesia. A survey methodology was applied using self-administered questionnaires as the main technique of data collection. Both, UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia are selected as the sample study and the target observations are focused on the transportation pathway which includes transportation modes, passengers, terminal and parking space. The study is expected to enrich the existing sustainable model of Stakeholder Theory to deliver a more robust competency model to provide solutions in creating sustainable transportation in university campuses. Subsequently, the outcome would support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2030), Mid-term Review of the Eleventh Malaysia Plan [2016 – 2020], Indonesia’s long-term development plan to phase IV period 2020-2025 through better adoption of low- carbon supply chain practices in order to reduce GHG emission. This is in line with Malaysia and Indonesia’s commitment in being a key part of the global transition to a low-carbon, and eventually carbon- neutral society by 2050 Keywords: Environmental, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sustainable, Transportation, University

Robustness of Norway Economy and Energy Supply/Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Maryam Hamlehdar ◽  
Reza Saeedi
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Impact

Energy has a strategic role in the social and economic development of the countries all over the world. Due to the high dependency on fossil fuels, fluctuations in prices and supply have macro/micro-economics effects for both energy exporters and importers. Therefore, understanding economic stability based on energy market changes is an important subject for policy makers and researchers. Norway, as a fossil fuel export country, is a good choice for the analysis of the relationships between the economics robustness and fossil fuel economics fluctuations. While the country is one of the pioneers in the field of sustainable energy utilization, they have tried to provide a robust economic situation for the oil exports revenues. In this article, the effects of energy changes on the economy are investigated in Norway. In this regard, first, the impact of oil price on macro-economic parameters is discussed. Afterwards, the main issues related to the energy economics including resilience of the energy sector, energy policies, economics analysis of the energy sector, and the electricity markets are discussed.

scholarly journals WOULD CLIMATE POLICY IMPROVE THE EUROPEAN ENERGY SECURITY?

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550008 ◽  
Author(s):  
CÉLINE GUIVARCH ◽  
STÉPHANIE MONJON ◽  
JULIE ROZENBERG ◽  
ADRIEN VOGT-SCHILB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Dimension Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Space ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Energy security improvement is often presented as a co-benefit of climate policies. This paper evaluates this claim. It investigates whether climate policy would improve energy security, while accounting for the difficulties entailed by the many-faceted nature of the concept and the large uncertainties on the determinants of future energy systems. A multi-dimension analysis grid is used to capture the energy security concept, and a database of scenarios allows us to explore the uncertainty space. The results, focusing on Europe, reveal there is no unequivocal effect of climate policy on all the perspectives of energy security. Moreover, time significantly matters: the impact of climate policies is mixed in the short term and globally good in the medium term. In the long term, there is a risk of degradation of the energy security. Lastly, we examine the robustness of our results to uncertainties on drivers of economic growth, availability of fossil fuels and the potentials and low-carbon technologies, and find that they are sensitive mainly to fossil fuels availability, low carbon technologies in the energy sector and improvements in energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Devising Mineral Resource Supply Pathways to a Low-Carbon Electricity Generation by 2100

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Boubault ◽  
Nadia Maïzi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Life Cycle Inventories ◽  
The Impact

Achieving a “carbon neutral” world by 2100 or earlier in a context of economic growth implies a drastic and profound transformation of the way energy is supplied and consumed in our societies. In this paper, we use life-cycle inventories of electricity-generating technologies and an integrated assessment model (TIMES Integrated Assessment Model) to project the global raw material requirements in two scenarios: a second shared socioeconomic pathway baseline, and a 2 °C scenario by 2100. Material usage reported in the life-cycle inventories is distributed into three phases, namely construction, operation, and decommissioning. Material supply dynamics and the impact of the 2 °C warming limit are quantified for three raw fossil fuels and forty-eight metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources. Depending on the time horizon, graphite, sand, sulfur, borates, aluminum, chromium, nickel, silver, gold, rare earth elements or their substitutes could face a sharp increase in usage as a result of a massive installation of low-carbon technologies. Ignoring nonfuel resource availability and value in deep decarbonation, circular economy, or decoupling scenarios can potentially generate misleading, contradictory, or unachievable climate policies.

scholarly journals Research and Outlook on Northeast Asian Energy Interconnection

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Yi Gao ◽  
Zhe Liu ◽  
Xinzhi Xu ◽  
Yanfen Guo ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
High Dependency

Northeast Asia is the most developed region in Asia with large energy demand, and plays an important role in the global economic development. Northeast Asia has been facing severe challenges in ensuring energy security, protecting the environment, and coping with climate change, because of their high dependency on fossil fuels and imports of oil from outside the region, and inverse distribution between energy resources and demand. In order to actively respond to climate change, promote the transition to low-carbon energy and sustainable development in the region, achieve the grand purpose of economic prosperity, social progress and ecological protection, this study is conducted with a focus on power grid interconnection in Northeast Asia. Based on the historical energy and power data in Northeast Asia, this paper studies the development trends of energy and power demand in future by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Considering the distribution of clean energy bases, this paper proposes an energy interconnection scheme in Northeast Asia with high clear energy penetration scenario. To form the Asia-Europe energy interconnection, the construction of the Asia-Europe interconnection channels is briefly analyzed in this paper.

scholarly journals Do Fossil-Fuel Price Distortions Impact the Low-Carbon Transition in China’s Energy Intensive Industries?

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Shaohua Huang ◽  
Binbin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Price Distortion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Price Distortions ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

Energy intensive industries (EIIs) in China are predominantly reliant on fossil fuels. Consequently, such high fossil fuel dependency has amplified carbon emission levels and blocked the low-carbon transition. It is inappropriate to discuss the solution of the dependency before investigating fossil-fuel price distortion and its impact on the industrial energy consumption. Therefore, this paper built a dynamic trans-log cost function model based on provincial panel data of China’s Ells between 2004 and 2016, to investigate inter-fuel substitution effects caused by own price elasticities and cross price elasticities, and analyzed the impact of fossil-fuel price distortions on low-carbon transition. The level of price distortions in coal, gasoline and diesel was evaluated, based on which the CO2 mitigation potentials in China’s EIIs were estimated. Results show that: 1) in each EII sector, the own price elasticities of all fuels were negative while the cross price elasticities among coal, oil and electricity were positive, suggesting substitution effect exists; 2) the average level of price distortions in coal, gasoline and diesel is 7.48, 11.1 and 32.19%, respectively, which means the prices of coal tend to be more market- oriented than the other two fuels; 3) removing coal price distortions can potentially reduce CO2 emissions in China’s EIIs by 905.78 million tons, while the effects of removing oil price distortions were uncertain, unless the substitution of coal for oil was restrained. Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in China’s fossil-fuel market reform. Possible policies are required to improve the production in EIIs and the low-carbon transition by adopting cleaner energy resources to substitute fossil-fuels.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Potential of Pakistan an Important Parameter in Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed Shar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is one of the most challenging issues in Pakistan and has affected humans in every sphere of life. Pakistan is ranked on 8th in the world among the countries emitting Greenhouse gases (GHG). Such an extensive emission of GHG is due to the growing number of industrial units and urban centres consuming fossil fuels that emit GHG at a large scale. Mitigating the GHG emission indeed is a challenge for Pakistan. This manuscript highlights the GHG emission status and provides recommendations with suitable alternatives to mitigate the emission. Simultaneously, the study explores the impact of switching over the fuels from conventional fossil fuels to unconventional natural gas as a source of energy for domestic use, transportations and industrial sectors to mitigate the GHG emission. Natural gas is considered as green fuel due to the low carbon emission ratio as other fuels e.g. coal and oil. If Pakistan becomes successful in exploring and exploiting the indigenous untapped natural gas resources, that will eventually support in reducing the GHG emissions. This is only possible by making new natural gas reservoir discoveries. Discovering new gas reservoirs from unconventional resources is also very challenging and requires investment and modification in existing energy policies. In addition, the government should encourage the Exploration Production (EP) companies to exploit the hidden natural gas potential that will assist in both alleviating the energy deficit and reducing the GHG emission. The findings of the present study analysis have substantial implications regarding GHG mitigation, energy transition, and economic development.

Analysis of the Robustness of Norway's Economy and Energy Supply/Demand Fluctuations

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-241
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamledar ◽  
Reza Saeidi ◽  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
The Impact

The high dependency on fossil fuels, fluctuations in prices and supply have macro/micro-economics effects for both energy exporters and importers. Therefore, understanding economic stability based on energy market changes is an important subject for policymakers and researchers. Norway, as a fossil fuel exporting country, is a good choice for the analysis of the relationships between economic robustness and fossil fuel economic fluctuations. While the country is one of the pioneers in the field of sustainable energy utilization, they have tried to provide a robust economic environment for oil export revenues. In this chapter, the impacts of energy changes on the economy are investigated in Norway. In this regard, first, the impact of oil prices on macro-economic parameters is discussed. Afterwards, the main issues related to energy economics including resilience of the energy sector, energy policies, economics analysis of the energy sector, and the electricity markets are discussed.

scholarly journals Consequences of Transport Low-Carbon Transitions and the Carbon, Land and Water Footprints of Different Fuel Options in The Netherlands

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnie Gerbens-Leenes ◽  
Karlieke Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Study Results

Transport greenhouse gas emissions are mainly caused by the use of fossil fuels, e.g., gasoline and diesel. This case study for The Netherlands calculates how alternative fuels, e.g., electricity, hydrogen or biofuels, contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport. Alternative fuels, produced in various ways, have different carbon (CF), land (LFs) and water footprints (WFs). This study assesses CFs, LFs and WFs for fuels (kgCO2e/m2/m3 per GJ), showing differences among fuels dependent on primary energy sources. It calculates CFs, LFs and WFs for four scenarios with different fuels. The biofuel scenario is not attractive. CFs slightly decrease, while LFs and WFs increase enormously. The electricity scenario has small CFs and the smallest LFs and WFs, but this is only when using wind or solar energy. If storage is needed and hydrogen is produced using wind energy, CFs double from 3055 to 7074 kg CO2e, LFs increase from 15 × 106 to 43 × 106 m2 and WFs from 3 × 106 to 37 × 106 m3 compared to the electricity scenario. The case study shows that wise fuel choices contribute to policy aims to decarbonize transport, although LFs and WFs are also important to consider. These case study results are relevant for sustainable transportation transitions worldwide.

scholarly journals Attaining stable electrolyzer operation under multi-annual climatic variations in almost fully renewable electricity systems: the case of Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mikovits ◽  
Elisabeth Wetterlund ◽  
Johann Baumgartner ◽  
Sebastian Wehrle ◽  
Johannes Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Thermal Generation ◽  
Flexibility Measures ◽  
The Impact

Hydrogen produced from renewable electricity can play an important role in deep decarbonization of industry, such as primary steel-making. However, adding large electrolyzer capacities to a low-carbon electricity system also increases the need for additional renewable electricity generation which will mostly come from variable renewable energies (VRE). This will require hydrogen production to be variable, unless sufficient flexibility is provided by other sources. Existing sources of flexibility in hydro-thermal systems are (a) hydropower and (b) thermal generation. However, increasing the flexibility of hydropower generation may have negative consequences for river ecosystems and the use of fossil and non-fossil fuels in generation may increase if thermal power is increasingly used to balance short-falls in wind power during electrolyzer operation. We assess here for our Swedish case study the utilization of electrolyzers with a dispatch model, assuming that additional VRE generation matches the additional electricity demand of hydrogen production on average. The flexibility of hydropower and thermal generation is restricted in four scenarios, and we run our model for 29 different weather years to test the impact of variable weather regimes. We show that (a) in all scenarios, electrolyzer utilization is above 60% on average, (b) the inter-annual variability of hydrogen production is very high if thermal power is not dispatched for electrolysis, (c) this problem is aggravated if hydropower flexibility is also restricted, and therefore (d) either long-term storage of hydrogen, backup hydrogen sources, or additional flexibility measures may be necessary to guarantee continuous hydrogen flows, and (e) adding wind power and electrolysis decreases the need for other backup flexibility measures in the system during climatic extreme events.

scholarly journals Developing the Ecological Footprint Assessment for a University Campus, the Component-Based Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9928
Author(s):  
Salah Vaisi ◽  
Hooshmand Alizadeh ◽  
Werya Lotfi ◽  
Saleh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
University Campus ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
The Impact

Global warming has become an increasing challenge due to the impact of human activities on the environment. In this regard, university campuses with various activities and departments have a great impact on the environment. Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is a natural resource depletion assessment tool, with a high level of accuracy, that measures the impact of human activities on the environment. Considering the Ecological Footprint (EF) capabilities, this study developed a method to assess the environmental impacts of a university campus using component-based parameters. The goals of the study are to explore the effective components of EF and to propose some policy guidelines to diminish the human impacts on the environment on university campuses. Five components, including natural gas and electricity consumption, water and food usage, and waste production, were measured in a survey from 2013 to 2016 at the building scale. The mean EF of the campus was 16,484 global hectares (gha). Fossil fuel energy had the highest level of environmental impact with 70.73%, followed by waste production and food and water usage with 26.87%, 1.28%, and 1.12%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the EF Index (EFI) of the case study campus was −0.82, which reveals an unsustainable performance. The EF results were illustrated on an Ecological Footprint Map (EFM), which shows the east and west parts of the camps were more unsustainable.

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