Barrier Factors Affecting Adoption of Green Building Technologies in Nigeria

Greenhouse gas emission from activities in the built environment is increasing exponentially due to increase in building operations. This study aims at determining factors that affect adoption of Green Building Technologies that normally reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To elicit relevant information, online structured questionnaire forms were administered on practitioners who have been involved in green building development in Nigeria. Mean score ranking was adopted in ranking the barriers to green building technologies, while discriminant analysis was performed to examine how organizations groups (client, consulting, contracting, academia) were distinguished on the barrier factors identified. Findings revealed that, out of the 23 barrier factors considered in this research, lack of institutions to formulate policies and set guidelines (mean score - 4.5) ranked 1st as barrier to adoption of green building technologies in Nigeria. This is closely followed by lack of information about green products (4.0), low level of awareness about sustainability issues (4.0), human resource and client knowledge, lack of knowledge about green building technologies, high cost of green products, while unavailability of sustainable materials and products ranked the lowest (2.7). Only nine factors at 0.05 level of significance entered the discriminant analysis model and emerged as variables with the most significant power in differentiating the organization groupings on the basis of perceived barriers to adoption of green building technologies. The study recommends that there should be strong political will from government, to establish institutions that formulate policies on green building technologies.Keywords: Barriers, Green Building, Green Building Technologies.

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Quantification of CO2 and CH4 emissions over Sacramento, California, based on divergence theorem using aircraft measurements

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-12-2949-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 2949-2966 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ju-Mee Ryoo ◽

Laura T. Iraci ◽

Tomoaki Tanaka ◽

Josette E. Marrero ◽

Emma L. Yates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Divergence Theorem ◽

Emission Sources ◽

Flight Pattern ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Emission Fluxes ◽

Emission Estimate

Abstract. Emission estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and the meteorological factors affecting them are investigated over Sacramento, California, using an aircraft equipped with a cavity ring-down greenhouse gas sensor as part of the Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) project. To better constrain the emission fluxes, we designed flights in a cylindrical pattern and computed the emission fluxes from two flights using a kriging method and Gauss's divergence theorem. Differences in wind treatment and assumptions about background concentrations affect the emission estimates by a factor of 1.5 to 7. The uncertainty is also impacted by meteorological conditions and distance from the emission sources. The vertical layer averaging affects the flux estimate, but the choice of raw wind or mass-balanced wind is more important than the thickness of the vertical averaging for mass-balanced wind for both urban and local scales. The importance of vertical mass transfer for flux estimates is examined, and the difference in the total emission estimate with and without vertical mass transfer is found to be small, especially at the local scale. The total flux estimates accounting for the entire circumference are larger than those based solely on measurements made in the downwind region. This indicates that a closed-shape flight profile can better contain total emissions relative to a one-sided curtain flight because most cities have more than one point source and wind direction can change with time and altitude. To reduce the uncertainty of the emission estimate, it is important that the sampling strategy account not only for known source locations but also possible unidentified sources around the city. Our results highlight that aircraft-based measurements using a closed-shape flight pattern are an efficient and useful strategy for identifying emission sources and estimating local- and city-scale greenhouse gas emission fluxes.

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Comparison Between Regenerators and Non-Regenerators in Mississippi: A Discriminant Analysis

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/28.4.189 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 189-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kathryn G. Arano ◽

Ian A. Munn ◽

John E. Gunter ◽

Steven H. Bullard ◽

Max L. Doolittle

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Income Levels ◽

Assistance Programs ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Pine Regeneration ◽

Private Forestland ◽

Age Awareness ◽

Nipf Landowners

Abstract Nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) landowners in Mississippi who recently harvested timber were surveyed to examine their regeneration behavior. Differences between regenerators and nonregenerators were investigated by looking at the different factors affecting reforestation decisions. A discriminant analysis was used to identify factors that were useful in differentiating between regenerators and nonregenerators. Ownership size; sociodemographic characteristics such as income, education, place of residence, and age; awareness of existing government incentive/assistance programs; and participation in educational programs were significant variables in differentiating between regenerators and nonregenerators. Landowners who own larger timberlands had a higher propensity to engage in regeneration activities after harvests. This also was true for landowners who had higher income levels and educational attainment, and were younger, city resident, and white. Landowners who were aware of existing government incentive/assistance programs and those who participated in educational programs also were more likely to participate in pine regeneration. Landowners in Mississippi considered both ecological and economic reasons as highly important considerations in their decision to regenerate. The belief that the land would reforest itself to pine naturally, the high cost of reforestation, and lack of information on reforestation options were top reasons cited by landowners for their decision not to regenerate. South. J. Appl. For. 28(4):189–195.

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Quantification of CO2 and CH4 emissions over Sacramento, California based on divergence theorem using aircraft measurements

10.5194/amt-2018-254 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ju-Mee Ryoo ◽

Laura T. Iraci ◽

Tomoaki Tanaka ◽

Josette E. Marrero ◽

Emma L. Yates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Divergence Theorem ◽

Flight Pattern ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Emission Fluxes ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Modeling Strategy

Abstract. Emission estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and the meteorological factors affecting them are investigated over Sacramento, California, using an aircraft equipped with a cavity ring–down greenhouse gas sensor as part of the Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) project. To better constrain the emissions fluxes, we designed flights in a cylindrical pattern and computed the emission fluxes from three flights using a kriging method and Gauss's divergence theorem. The CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at the downwind side of Sacramento show relatively consistent patterns across the three flights, but the fluxes vary – as a function of different wind patterns on a given flight day. The wind variability, seasonality, and assumptions about background concentrations affect the emissions estimates, by a factor of 1.5 to 8. The uncertainty is also impacted by meteorological conditions and distance from the emissions sources. The largest CH4 mixing ratio was found over a local landfill. The importance of vertical mass transfer for flux estimates is examined, but the difference in the total emission estimate with and without vertical mass transfer is found to be small, especially at the local scale. The total flux estimates accounting for the entire circumference are larger than those based solely on the downwind region. This indicates that a closed-shape flight profile can better contain total emissions relative to one-sided curtain flight because most cities have more than one point source and wind direction can change with time and altitude. To reduce the uncertainty of the emissions estimate, it is important that the sampling and modeling strategy account not only for known source locations but also possible unidentified sources around the city. Our results highlight that aircraft-based measurements using a closed shape flight pattern are an efficient and useful strategy for identifying emission sources and estimating local and city-scale greenhouse gas emission fluxes.

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Development and application of a life cycle greenhouse gas emission analysis model for mobile air conditioning systems

Applied Energy ◽

10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.073 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 161-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhiyi Yuan ◽

Xunmin Ou ◽

Tianduo Peng ◽

Xiaoyu Yan

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Air Conditioning ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Emission Analysis ◽

Air Conditioning Systems

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Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice field in Indonesia: Challenge for future research and development

Indonesian Journal of Geography ◽

10.22146/ijg.55681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miranti Ariani ◽

Eko Haryono ◽

Eko Hanudin

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Rice Field ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Future Research ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Farming Practice

Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia. Any aspects of rice to increase productivity have been well studied and documented; however, there are still lacking well-documented studies on its environmental aspects, including climate change. Many researches might already be conducted, but only a few have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. There is still a lack of robust data on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the rice field in Indonesia, factors affecting and the technology on how to reduce it. From the reviewed publications, it was found out that research only conducted under a controlled environmental setting. More research on understanding the controlling factors (e.g., water management, rice cultivar, soil types, and fertilizer) of GHG emission from rice field is still needed. The result will introduce a sustainable farming practice, with low in GHG emissions, high in productivity, simple to apply and generate more income to farmers. This review has identified the gaps for future research and development in Indonesia. The research should meet the need, either national or global strategies. Development of a new farming practice will succeed in the presence of government policies. Therefore an intensive interdisciplinary approach between researcher and other stakeholders should be conducted.

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Decomposition of factors affecting changes in non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission intensity of China's livestock sector based on the concept of “environment–food–economy”

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 691 ◽

pp. 611-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tianyi Cai ◽

Fuqiang Xia ◽

Degang Yang ◽

Jinwei Huo ◽

Yufang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Intensity ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Food Economy

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GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM SCORES FOR BUILDING REUSE

Journal of Green Building ◽

10.3992/jgb.7.2.105 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lu Aye ◽

Dominique Hes

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Green Building ◽

Rating System ◽

Commercial Application ◽

Rating Systems ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

Green Building rating systems are the main vehicles for commercial application of ecologically sustainable design for buildings. Using less materials, modular design for deconstruction, long life structure, using recoverable materials are emerging concepts to reduce environmental impacts and increase the resource and economic efficiency of buildings. It has been argued that because of recent emergence of these concepts, Green Building rating systems do not fairly recognise the environmental benefits gained. This paper quantifies the impacts of the building reuse concept on the environment and the Green Building rating system scores and compares this with the energy category. It was found that lifecycle embodied greenhouse gas emission of approximately 20 kg CO2-e/m2/annum could be saved, if 80% of the office building components (structure, façade, wall, floor and roof) were reused in Australia. A second finding was that the current BREEAM 2008 and LEED 2009 tools do not provide fair recognition of the potential lifecycle embodied greenhouse gas emission reduction of building reuse compared to operational greenhouse gas emission reduction.

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