Cognitive Schemata and Meaningful Strategies in Adapting Ian McEwan’s Novel, Atonement

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Anda Ionaș ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Schemata

scholarly journals Αποτελεσματική διδασκαλία γνωστικού σχήματος προβλημάτων αφαίρεσης σε μαθητές με ειδικές μαθησιακές δυσκολίες με τη χρήση πολλαπλών τρόπων αναπαράστασης της γνώσης

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Στέργιος Αγγελόπουλος ◽  
Ιωάννης Αγαλιώτης
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Effective Instruction ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Mathematical Difficulties ◽  
Specific Learning

The present research examines the construction and activation of cognitive schemata corresponding to subtraction-compare and subtraction-equalize math word problems by primary school students with specific learning disabilities. In order to facilitate the participants in developing their cognitive schemata, we utilized multiple ways of knowledge representation (manipulatives, pictures, and arithmetic symbols) in the context of an intervention based on the principles of effective instruction. In order to evaluate the results, assessments were conducted prior and immediately after the implementation of the intervention, as well as three weeks after its completion. It was found that participants performed significantly better in problem solving both after the intervention and at follow-up, proving that they benefited from the instruction they had received. Results are discussed in regard to organizing appropriate instruction for students with mathematical difficulties and disabilities.

Cognitive Schemata in Depressed Adolescent Girls and Their Mothers

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Simmons ◽  
Myra J. Cooper ◽  
Jonquil Drinkwater ◽  
Anne Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Depressed Adolescent ◽  
Mood And Cognition

Schemata (and other cognitions) were investigated in depressed adolescent girls and their mothers and were compared to those in a control group. Links between adolescent and maternal cognitions were also examined. There were 14 girls and mothers in the clinical group and 15 in the control group. The depressed adolescents had higher total scores on a measure of schemata than the control adolescents, and higher scores on several of its sub-scales. They also scored more highly on two other measures of cognition (dysfunctional attitudes and negative automatic thoughts). The mothers of the depressed adolescents were more depressed than mothers of control adolescents. However, the two groups of mothers did not differ on the measures of cognition, including schemata. Depression and schemata in adolescents were related to these variables in their mothers but only in the depressed group. Possible explanations for the findings, including the nature of the link between mood and cognition in the groups studied, are considered. Implications for cognitive theory and therapy in depressed adolescents are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Parental Attitudes in Child Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Camilo ◽  
Margarida Vaz Garrido ◽  
Maria Manuela Calheiros
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Maladaptive Parenting

An information-processing approach to maladaptive parenting suggests that high-risk and maltreating parents are likely to hold inaccurate and biased preexisting cognitive schemata about child development and child rearing. Importantly, these schemas, which may include values, beliefs, expectations, and attitudes, are known to influence the way parents perceive and subsequently act toward their children. However, the few studies specifically addressing parental attitudes only considered global maltreatment, not distinguishing abuse from neglect. Moreover, few have considered dual-process models of cognition, relying mostly on the explicit level of parental attitudes that can be prone to various biases. Based on the Social Information Processing (SIP) model of child abuse and neglect, this study examines the association of parents preexisting cognitive schemata, namely explicit and implicit parental attitudes, and child abuse and neglect. A convenience sample of 201 mothers (half with at least one child referred to child protection services) completed a measure of explicit parental attitudes and a speed-accuracy task related to parenting. Abuse and neglect were measured with self-report and professionals-report instruments. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that maladaptive parenting is related with more biased preexisting cognitive schemas, namely attitudes related to parenting, but only for neglect and particularly when reported by professionals. Moreover, the results observed with both the explicit and implicit measures of attitudes were convergent, with mothers presenting more inadequate explicit attitudes also exhibiting an overall lower performance in the implicit attitudes task. This study is likely to contribute to the SIP framework of child abuse and neglect, particularly for the elucidation of the sociocognitive factors underlying maladaptive parenting, while also providing relevant cues for prevention and intervention programs.

scholarly journals The Distancing-Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Menninghaus ◽  
Valentin Wagner ◽  
Julian Hanich ◽  
Eugen Wassiliwizky ◽  
Thomas Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Mixed Emotions ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Control ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

AbstractWhy are negative emotions so central in art reception far beyond tragedy? Revisiting classical aesthetics in the light of recent psychological research, we present a novel model to explain this much discussed (apparent) paradox. We argue that negative emotions are an important resource for the arts in general, rather than a special license for exceptional art forms only. The underlying rationale is that negative emotions have been shown to be particularly powerful in securing attention, intense emotional involvement, and high memorability, and hence is precisely what artworks strive for. Two groups of processing mechanisms are identified that conjointly adopt the particular powers of negative emotions for art's purposes. The first group consists of psychological distancing mechanisms that are activated along with the cognitive schemata of art, representation, and fiction. These schemata imply personal safety and control over continuing or discontinuing exposure to artworks, thereby preventing negative emotions from becoming outright incompatible with expectations of enjoyment. This distancing sets the stage for a second group of processing components that allow art recipients to positively embrace the experiencing of negative emotions, thereby rendering art reception more intense, more interesting, more emotionally moving, more profound, and occasionally even more beautiful. These components include compositional interplays of positiveandnegative emotions, the effects of aesthetic virtues of using the media of (re)presentation (musical sound, words/language, color, shapes) on emotion perception, and meaning-making efforts. Moreover, our Distancing-Embracing model proposes that concomitant mixed emotions often help integrate negative emotions into altogether pleasurable trajectories.

Addressing an audience: Time, place, and genre in Peter van Straaten’s calendar cartoons

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Forceville
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractCartoons, like other forms of mass media, are aimed not just at anybody, but at a multitude of individuals. The extent to which these numerous individuals understand the cartoons in the same way depends not only on their shared interpretations of the word and image texts themselves, but also on interpretation strategies suggested by the (near)identical circumstances under which the cartoons are accessed. As Gail Dines points out, ‘‘locating cartoons within the cultural realm of mass communication requires an understanding of how these media forms come into existence and how they are consumed by the intended audience’’ (1995: 238). To understand better how cartoons are processed, it is necessary to generalize about contextual factors governing their perception. In this paper I examine cartoons by the Dutchman Peter van Straaten that all appeared on a tear-off calendar in the year 2001. The question addressed is how the temporal and spatial circumstances under which the cartoons are accessed, in combination with the generic conventions of the calendar in which they appear, trigger the activation of specific cognitive schemata, and thus steer and constrain possible interpretations. The general framework in which these matters are discussed is Sperber and Wilson’s (1995) Relevance Theory.

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