Addressing an audience: Time, place, and genre in Peter van Straaten’s calendar cartoons

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Forceville
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractCartoons, like other forms of mass media, are aimed not just at anybody, but at a multitude of individuals. The extent to which these numerous individuals understand the cartoons in the same way depends not only on their shared interpretations of the word and image texts themselves, but also on interpretation strategies suggested by the (near)identical circumstances under which the cartoons are accessed. As Gail Dines points out, ‘‘locating cartoons within the cultural realm of mass communication requires an understanding of how these media forms come into existence and how they are consumed by the intended audience’’ (1995: 238). To understand better how cartoons are processed, it is necessary to generalize about contextual factors governing their perception. In this paper I examine cartoons by the Dutchman Peter van Straaten that all appeared on a tear-off calendar in the year 2001. The question addressed is how the temporal and spatial circumstances under which the cartoons are accessed, in combination with the generic conventions of the calendar in which they appear, trigger the activation of specific cognitive schemata, and thus steer and constrain possible interpretations. The general framework in which these matters are discussed is Sperber and Wilson’s (1995) Relevance Theory.

Discourse Analysis: Contextualism and Reductionism

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447
Author(s):  
Setareh Majidi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language Interpretation

For the past twenty to thirty years, a good part of the domain of linguistics has been occupied by what has been called discourse analysis. Whereas syntax and semantics are concerned by the sentence and the units from which the sentence is built, discourse analysis claims that interpretation cannot accounted for at the level of the sentence and that a bigger unit, such as discourse should be used to account for language interpretation. We want to show here that discourse is not, in any sense, a well defined object and that, though it is certainly necessary to analyze how a given sequence of sentences is processed and understood, the notion of discourse,  A and related notions such as coherence does not have much to say about it. We rely on epistemological considerations about the necessity of a moderate reductionism and sketch on account of linguistic interpretation which accounts for contextual factors in linguistic interpretation through the notion of utterance (vs. sentence) and a development of Sperber & Wilsons Relevance Theory.

Moving Pictures and Renaissance Art History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Emison
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Art History ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Renaissance Art ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
Visual Composition ◽  
Moving Pictures ◽  
And Gender

Film, like the printed imagery inaugurated during the Renaissance, spread ideas---not least the idea of the power of visual art---across not only geographical and political divides but also strata of class and gender. Moving Pictures and Renaissance Art History examines the early flourishing of film, 1920s-mid-60s, as partly reprising the introduction of mass media in the Renaissance, allowing for innovation that reflected an art free of the control of a patron though required to attract a broad public. Rivalry between word and image, narrative and visual composition shifted in both cases toward acknowledging the compelling nature of the visual. The twentieth century also saw the development of the discipline of art history; transfusions between cinematic practice and art historical postulates and preoccupations are part of the story told here.

scholarly journals Creolised Text in Mass Media: Principles of Effective Decoding

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Victor Shaklein ◽  
Maria Belova ◽  
Svetlana Mikova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Information Visualization ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Iconic Sign

Arising and active development of innovative information channels, forming net thinking, require non-standard forms of presenting material in mass media. One of the solutions to this problem is increasing the number of creolised texts not only in electronic, but in printed media as well. Such texts containing verbal (heading, subscript, text comprising of more than one sentence) and non-verbal (image, scheme, table, font, colour) parts are widely spread in mass media because they allow the reader to precisely understand the author’s intention and the intention can be expressed in an implicit way. Such texts correspond to mass communication general trends towards information visualization, raising the effectiveness of the text impact on audience thanks to double coding, compact presentation of the material. These are the reasons of growing scientific interest in creolized texts in psychology, literature studies, linguistics, journalism. However, the terminology of the scientific sphere is not conventional: different terms “creolized text”, “semantically complicated text”, “polycode text”, etc. are all used in similar meanings in scientific papers. The authors of the article characterize terms used in Russian and foreign articles and monographs, assess their frequency and semantic scope. The specific features of creolized texts are pointed out, different types of such texts depending on metagraphic and iconic sign systems included in them are described. We distinguish three phases in reading such texts (preliminary stage, organised perception, final stage) and the role of visual and verbal components in the process. By the example of caricatures we show the importance of background knowledge for adequate decoding of creolized texts. Linguistic and cultural universals are an optimal source of objects whose meaning is evident to the representative of a certain culture. This makes the creolized text decoding easier in linguistic culture of its origin. On the other hand, texts based on linguistic and cultural universalia (realia, idioms, homophones, homographs, etc.) present extra difficulties for non-natives. The material of the research is caricatures of the late 20th — early 21st centuries by A.Merinov. Each of the caricatures is based on a certain linguistic and cultural universal.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mass-Media on Social Behavior, Emotions and Cognitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandu ◽  
◽  
Polixenia Nistor ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

Mass media affects its consumers primarily in their cognitive dimension, by changing the image of the world - in this sense that the media becomes a vector of social influence, by changing the cognitions of individuals - but also by changing the shared social constructs within membership groups. The stated role of the media is to inform target audiences about events of interest in the field-specific to the activity of the media trust, but also to convey opinions, ideas, and views on those events in a way that is as complete and as complex as possible, allowing recipients to build their own opinions or adhere to one or another of the opinions expressed. This article deals with the ethics of mass communication when faced with a window of opportunity which allows an easier promotion of ideas or interests, taking into account the theory of life as a spectacle promoted by Erwin Goffman.

scholarly journals Da mídia de massa às novas mídias: aspectos evolutivos da comunicação em Marketing

Revista Foco ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Cristian Luis Schaeffer ◽  
Fernando Bins Luce
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Area ◽  
The Impact

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar, com base no levantamento de artigos e bibliografias da área, os aspectos evolutivos e o papel da comunicação em marketing com o surgimento das novas mídias. Foram estudados conceitos como Marketing, Mix de Marketing, promoção/comunicação, mídia de massa e novas mídias, além do impacto causado pela tecnologia. A análise dessas informações permitiu traçar um quadro geral com as principais características de ambas as categorias de mídias e os fatores que contribuíram para essa evolução, além de avaliar os desafios para a comunicação em Marketing. As novas mídias exigiram uma mudança no papel e no pensamento do Marketing, já que a comunicação impessoal cedeu espaço para a interatividade. E cabe aqui destacar que a área de Marketing está se esforçando para acompanhar essas mudanças.  The purpose of this article is to analyze, based on the gathering of articles and bibliographies of the area, the evolutive aspects and the role of communication in marketing with the emergence of new media. Concepts such as Marketing, Marketing Mix, promotion/ communication, mass media and new media were studied, as well as the impact caused by technology. The analysis of this information allowed to chart a general framework with the main characteristics of both categories of media and the factors that contributed to this evolution, besides evaluating the challenges for communication in Marketing. The new media required a change in the role and thinking of Marketing, since impersonal communication gave way to interactivity. And it should be noted here that the Marketing area is striving to keep up with these changes.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU IBU RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DALAM MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA MASSA SEBAGAI SUMBER INFORMASI

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
M. Zulkarnain Yuliarso
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Test ◽  
Random Method ◽  
Working Hour

The research was aimed to 1) to research house wife’s behavior in using mass media as information,   2) study of  factors that related to house wife’s behavior in using mass media. The data were collected in August 2009 at Pondok Besi dan Berkas. Sample number in this research were 40 people was taken by simple random method.  In explaining the first purposes were use the descriptive analysis, and the second purpose was analyzed with Spearman Rank correlation test. The information which was gained from mass media especially the things related to entertainment, health, and religion could be helpful for daily life both for their personal and social life. The result of statistical analysis showed that the formal education, number of working hour, household income, their perception on information and attitude to living change, were apparently related to using mass media.Key words: mass communication, house wife’ behavior, fisherman

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF MEDIA AND SOCIETY INTERACTION IN COMMUNICATIVE SPACE

2013 ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
D. I. Chistyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Late Modern

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the social issues caused by mass-media impact on individuals and society. The author bases on reflection of sociological theories and discourses of late modern and postmodern and thus shows the transformation of media and their audience on the society’s way to the postmodernity. Postmodern media are viewed as a specific social institution of postmodernity; the author also emphasizes the basic peculiarities of its institutionalization. Structural integrity between mass-media and society is ensured through mass communication in its one-sided direction of the only communicator to the masses, often turning into an influence on recipients. The article stems from the premise that a modernday person is included in qualitatively and quantitavely other communications than in a preceding era of late modernity. Mass-media’s influence on society is thus specific. Messages, images, symbols, signs created by media not only form our perspective, but also serve as keys to the perception of reality. A subject today is involved in endless interconnected streams of information, hence a subject doesn’t consume information in discreet blocks anymore. Rather, we can imagine a subject standing knee-deep in a vast stream grabbing whatever he or she may find interesting. Under the certain conditions the very reality is being substituted by the virtual reality. The author shows and analyses the communication model of the basic information producers and recipients.

Archaeology and the Public Image

1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ascher
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Life Magazine ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The Public

AbstractThe archaeological content of ten years of Life magazine is analyzed in an attempt to identify what may go into formulating the public's images of the archaeologist and his goals. The four themes which appear in the 34 Life articles are: chance nature of archaeological discovery, role of the archaeologist as an expert, emphasis on technical knowledge and skills, and heavy use of superlatives. Analysis of other mass media, including fiction and cartoons, might lead to the identification of other themes. The image of archaeology presented by mass communication is considered important in a science so dependent upon public cooperation.

Mass Communication and the 'Nationalisation' of the Public Sphere in Former Yugoslavia

Res Publica ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Spyros A. Walgrave
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Peace Movements ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere

Although the quasi-confederal character of Yugoslavia, especially after the introduction of its 1974 constitution did not encourage the development of a genuine Yugoslavian public sphere wherepublic debate could transcend ethnic and republic divisions, it nevertheless allowed the formation of what could be called Yugoslav cultural space, a space within which social and political actors (feminist, peace movements) forged their identities regardless of the ethnic or national diversity that characterised their membership. However, the existence of this 'space' had a limited impact in Yugoslav politics partly due to the breakdown of inter-republic communication and the fragmentation of the Yugoslavian mass media. This paper traces the process of disintegration of the Yugoslav cultural space and the emergence of national 'public spheres' in the republics and provinces of former Yugoslavia and attempts to assess the role of the mass media and cultural institutions in these developments by identifying the key strategies of representation employed in the process of the fragmentation and 'nationalisation' of the public sphere of former Yugoslavia.

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