Cognitive Schemata in Depressed Adolescent Girls and Their Mothers

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Simmons ◽  
Myra J. Cooper ◽  
Jonquil Drinkwater ◽  
Anne Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cognitive Schemata ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Depressed Adolescent ◽  
Mood And Cognition

Schemata (and other cognitions) were investigated in depressed adolescent girls and their mothers and were compared to those in a control group. Links between adolescent and maternal cognitions were also examined. There were 14 girls and mothers in the clinical group and 15 in the control group. The depressed adolescents had higher total scores on a measure of schemata than the control adolescents, and higher scores on several of its sub-scales. They also scored more highly on two other measures of cognition (dysfunctional attitudes and negative automatic thoughts). The mothers of the depressed adolescents were more depressed than mothers of control adolescents. However, the two groups of mothers did not differ on the measures of cognition, including schemata. Depression and schemata in adolescents were related to these variables in their mothers but only in the depressed group. Possible explanations for the findings, including the nature of the link between mood and cognition in the groups studied, are considered. Implications for cognitive theory and therapy in depressed adolescents are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Dysfunctional Attitudes on Orientation of Anger in Major Depressive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoni Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Prof. Sadhan Das Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitude ◽  
And Control ◽  
Depression Disorder

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of Dysfunctional Attitudes in delineating the orientation of Anger among Major Depression Disorder patients and control population. Dysfunctional Attitude has long been established as a precursor of depressive symptoms. However there is a dearth of studies on the correlates of Dysfunctional Attitude and orientation of Anger. A total of 60 participants (30 Major Depression Disorder, 30 Control) were asked to fill up a self-report paper pencil questionnaire that measured orientation of Anger, Neuroticism and Dysfunctional Attitude. Results indicated higher Anger suppression, Dysfunctional Attitude, and higher neuroticism scores for the clinical group than control group. When Neuroticism was controlled, Dysfunctional Attitude was found to be positively correlated with temperamental and Internalized Anger in the clinical group; however in the control group it remained uncorrelated with the direction of Anger. Stepwise multiple regressions indicated Dysfunctional Attitude to be significant predictor of Internalized Anger in clinical group while Neuroticism was found to be a significant predictor of Internalized Anger for the control group. The present finding suggests the role of Dysfunctional Attitude in defining the orientation of Anger among the Major Depression Disorder group and also elucidates the relationship between Dysfunctional Attitude and Neuroticism with both Internalized and Externalized Anger.

Cognitive Changes Following Recovery from Depression in a Group Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy Program

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian P. S. Oei ◽  
Lyndall M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Automatic Thoughts ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Scale Scores

Objective: We report on the changes in cognitions as a result of cognitive—behaviour therapy (CBT), in 35 recovered and 32 non-recovered mood disordered patients who had undergone a 12-week group CBT program for depression. Method: An end-of-therapy cut-off score of 10 on the BDI was used to define recovered and non-recovered patients. ANOVA analyses were conducted to explore possible main effects of recovery status and time on various clinical measures, including cognitions and activity levels. Results: Mean mood and activity self-rating measures were significantly higher for the recovered as compared to the non-recovered patients over the course of the program. Similarly, scores on the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) for recovered patients were within the non-clinical range, in contrast to their non-recovered counterparts. In addition, recovered patients improved significantly in their Hopelessness scores, and there was a change in the expected direction in their Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale scores, although this was not significant. Conclusion: These results are consistent with the proposition of cognitive theory (i.e. the remediation of negative cognition plays a significant role in recovery from depression during CBT).

Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bolognini ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
P. Stéphan ◽  
O. Halfon
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

Assessment and Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation of the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) Scale: Psychometric Properties using Optimal Scaling Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (10) ◽  
pp. 1020-1029
Author(s):  
Andrea Nacci ◽  
Luca Bastiani ◽  
Maria Rosaria Barillari ◽  
Jerome R. Lechien ◽  
Massimo Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reflux Symptom ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Accuracy Evaluation ◽  
Reflux Symptom Index ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Symptom Index

Objectives: To investigate the psychometric properties of the reflux symptom index (RSI) as short screening approach for the diagnostic of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in patients with confirmed diagnosed regarding the 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pH). Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, 56 patients with LPR symptoms and 71 healthy individuals (control group) were prospectively enrolled. The LPR diagnosis was confirmed through MII-pH results. All subjects (n = 127) fulfilled RSI and the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) was performed through flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. The sensitivity and the specificity of RSI was assessed by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. Results: A total of 15 LPR patients (26.8%) of the clinical group met MII-pH diagnostic criteria. Among subjects classified as positive for MII- pH diagnoses, RSI and RFS mean scores were respectively 20 (SD ± 10.5) and 7.1 (SD ± 2.5), values not significantly different compared to the negative MII-pH group. The metric analysis of the items led to the realization of a binary recoding of the score. Both versions had similar psychometric properties, α was 0.840 for RSI original version and 0.836 for RSI binary version. High and comparable area under curve (AUC) values indicate a good ability of both scales to discriminate between individuals with and without LPR pathology diagnosis. Based on balanced sensitivity and specificity, the optimal cut-off scores for LPR pathology were ≥ 5 for RSI binary version and ≥ 15 for RSI original version. Both version overestimated LPR prevalence. The original version had more sensitivity and the RSI Binary version had more specificity. Conclusions: It would be necessary to think about modifying the original RSI in order to improve its sensitivity and specificity (RSI binary version, adding or changing some items), or to introduce new scores in order to better frame the probably affected of LPR patient.

scholarly journals Educational Intervention to Improve Citizen’s Healthcare Participation Perception in Rural Japanese Communities: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Ohta ◽  
Yoshinori Ryu ◽  
Jun Kitayuguchi ◽  
Chiaki Sano ◽  
Karen D. Könings
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Japanese Elderly

In this mixed-methods study, we hypothesized that social cognitive theory (SCT)-based educational interventions for healthcare participation can improve the self-efficacy of older rural citizens in participating in their health management without any difficulties. Quasi-experimental study before and after SCT-based educational interventions and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants were Japanese elderly (>65 years) from rural communities. Propensity score matching was performed to estimate the effectiveness of educational interventions on participants’ perception (intervention: n = 156; control: n = 121). Interview contents were transcribed verbatim and analyzed based on thematic analysis. The intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group for participation in planning and managing self-care. Interviews revealed three themes: ability to manage health conditions, relationship with medical professionals, and relationship among citizens. Participants reported difficulties in judging symptoms and communicating with medical professionals. Hierarchy and low motivation to participate in healthcare hindered collaboration. The findings suggest that SCT-based educational interventions can positively impact rural citizens’ self-efficacy in healthcare participation.

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of S100B serum levels and clinical factors in youth patients with mood disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rajewska-Rager ◽  
Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz ◽  
Pawel Kapelski ◽  
Natalia Lepczynska ◽  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Depressed Group

AbstractMood disorders have been discussed as being in relation to glial pathology. S100B is a calcium-binding protein, and a marker of glial dysfunctions. Although alterations in the S100B expression may play a role in various central nervous system diseases, there are no studies on the potential role of S100B in mood disorders in adolescents and young adults . In a prospective two-year follow-up study, peripheral levels of S100B were investigated in 79 adolescent/young adult patients (aged 14–24 years), diagnosed with mood disorders and compared with 31 healthy control subjects. A comprehensive clinical interview was conducted which focused on clinical symptoms and diagnosis change. The diagnosis was established and verified at each control visit. Serum S100B concentrations were determined. We detected: lower S100B levels in medicated patients, compared with those who were drug-free, and healthy controls; higher S100B levels in a depressed group with a family history of affective disorder; correlations between age and medication status; sex-dependent differences in S100B levels; and lack a of correlation between the severity of depressive or hypo/manic symptoms. The results of our study indicate that S100B might be a trait-dependent rather than a state-dependent marker. Due to the lack of such studies in the youth population, further research should be performed. A relatively small sample size, a lack of exact age-matched control group, a high drop-out rate.

Increasing adolescent girls’ social competence through cognitive counseling by social workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110102
Author(s):  
Chau-kiu Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lower Education

Summary Despite the common basis of cognitive theory for cognitive counseling and social competence development, no research has charted the effectiveness of the counseling in raising social competence in young female residents of the residential service. To examine the effectiveness, this study analyzed data gleaned from monthly surveys of young female residents and their social workers regarding the latter’s daily life cognitive counseling. The data consisted of 391 cases pairing the female residents and social workers in Hong Kong over 33 months. Findings The cases afforded a cross-lagged analysis showing the raising of the girl’s social competence by the worker’s cognitive counseling earlier in the previous month. In substantiating this raising, the analysis also indicated that earlier social competence did not affect the counseling. Applications The findings imply the worth of promoting the social worker’s daily life cognitive counseling to advance girl residents’ social competence. Such counseling is particularly helpful to girls with lower education, who are lower in social competence.

scholarly journals State-dependent alteration in face emotion recognition in depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Anderson ◽  
Clare Shippen ◽  
Gabriella Juhasz ◽  
Diana Chase ◽  
Emma Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Remitted Depression ◽  
Face Emotion Recognition ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundNegative biases in emotional processing are well recognised in people who are currently depressed but are less well described in those with a history of depression, where such biases may contribute to vulnerability to relapse.AimsTo compare accuracy, discrimination and bias in face emotion recognition in those with current and remitted depression.MethodThe sample comprised a control group (n = 101), a currently depressed group (n = 30) and a remitted depression group (n = 99). Participants provided valid data after receiving a computerised face emotion recognition task following standardised assessment of diagnosis and mood symptoms.ResultsIn the control group women were more accurate in recognising emotions than men owing to greater discrimination. Among participants with depression, those in remission correctly identified more emotions than controls owing to increased response bias, whereas those currently depressed recognised fewer emotions owing to decreased discrimination. These effects were most marked for anger, fear and sadness but there was no significant emotion × group interaction, and a similar pattern tended to be seen for happiness although not for surprise or disgust. These differences were confined to participants who were antidepressant-free, with those taking antidepressants having similar results to the control group.ConclusionsAbnormalities in face emotion recognition differ between people with current depression and those in remission. Reduced discrimination in depressed participants may reflect withdrawal from the emotions of others, whereas the increased bias in those with a history of depression could contribute to vulnerability to relapse. The normal face emotion recognition seen in those taking medication may relate to the known effects of antidepressants on emotional processing and could contribute to their ability to protect against depressive relapse.

scholarly journals Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3870
Author(s):  
Mireia Sempere-Tortosa ◽  
Francisco Fernández-Carrasco ◽  
Ignasi Navarro-Soria ◽  
Carlos Rizo-Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different areas of development, with deficiencies in psychological processes leading to the development of the most common characteristics of the disorder such as inattention, excess of activity and lack of inhibitory control. As for the diagnosis, in spite of being a very frequent disorder, there are multiple controversies about which tools are the most suitable for evaluation. One of the most widespread tools in the professional field is behavior inventories such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires for Parents and Teachers or the ADHD Rating Scale-V. The main disadvantage of these assessment tools is that they do not provide an objective observation. For this reason, there are different studies focused on recording objective measures of the subjects’ movement, since hyperkinesia is one of the most characteristic symptoms of this disorder. In this sense, we have developed an application that, using a Kinect device, is capable of measuring the movement of the different parts of the body of up to six subjects in the classroom, being a natural context for the student. The main objective of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to investigate whether there are correlations between excessive movement and high scores in the inventories for the diagnosis of ADHD, Rating Scale-V and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, on the other hand, to determine which sections of the body present the most significant mobility in subjects diagnosed with ADHD. Results show that the control group, composed of neurotypical subjects, presents less kinaesthetic activity than the clinical group diagnosed with ADHD. This indicates that the experimental group presents one of the main characteristics of the disorder. In addition, results also show that practically all the measured body parts present significant differences, being higher in the clinical group, highlighting the head as the joint with the highest effect size.

EFFECTIVE OF INTERVENTION SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE SITUATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A LUOI DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Trang Dao Nguyen Dieu ◽  
Huy Nguyen Vu Quoc ◽  
Thanh Cao Ngoc ◽  
Ngoc Phan Thi Bich
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Reproductive Health Care ◽  
Adolescent Reproductive Health

Objectives: To describe the knowledge, attitudes, practices of reproductive health care among adolescent girls in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province and to identify the related factors to reproductive health care in adolescent girls. To assess the results of intervention solutions of reproductive health care in adolescent girls. Methods: A cross-sectional study design. A study design for community intervention comparision with control group. Results: The percentage of adolescents with not good knowledge, attitudes and practices on reproductive health care has accounted for fairly high as respectively: 85.9%, 73.9%, 72.9%. There is an a relationship between education level, adolescent stage with general knowledge on adolescent reproductive health care (p < 0.05). There is a relationship between ethnicity, education level, adolescent stage with the general attitude on adolescent reproductive health care (p < 0.05). There is a relationship between knowledge, attitude, education level, adolescent stage, economic condition, the condition of the family living at the percentage of general practice on adolescent reproductive health care (p < 0.05). The effective of intervention: Good knowlegde increase from 10% to 24.1%. Good attitude increase from 16.7% to 61.4%. Good practice increase from 27.1% to 42.9%. The effective of intervention: change knowlegde: 21.6%, change attitude: 54.2%, change practice: 34.6%. Conclusion: There is need to enhance the communication and education reproductive health for aldolescent girls and to enhance communication knowlegde and skills for reproductive health staff. Keywords: adolescents, get married early, reproductive health.

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