The Dual-Mode Theory of affective responses to exercise in metatheoretical context: II. Bodiless heads, ethereal cognitive schemata, and other improbable dualistic creatures, exercising

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panteleimon Ekkekakis
Keyword(s):  
Affective Responses ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Mode Theory ◽  
Cognitive Schemata

A Quantitative Analysis and Qualitative Explanation of the Individual Differences in Affective Responses to Prescribed and Self-Selected Exercise Intensities

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A. Rose ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Method Approach

Using a mixed-method approach, the aim of this study was to explore affective responses to exercise at intensities below-lactate threshold (LT), at-LT, and above-LT to test the proposals of the dual-mode model (Ekkekakis, 2003). These intensities were also contrasted with a self-selected intensity. Further, the factors that influenced the generation of those affective responses were explored. Nineteen women completed 20 min of treadmill exercise at each intensity. Affective valence and activation were measured, pre-, during and postexercise. Afterward, participants were asked why they had felt the way they had during each intensity. Results supported hypotheses showing affect to be least positive during the above-LT condition and most positive during the self-selected and below-LT conditions. Individual differences were greatest in the below-LT and at-LT conditions. Qualitative results showed that factors relating to perceptions of ability, interpretation of exercise intensity, exercise outcomes, focus of concentration, and perceptions of control influenced the affective response and contributed to the individual differences shown in the quantitative data.

scholarly journals A Dual-Mode Bandpass Filter with Multiple Controllable Transmission-Zeros Using T-Shaped Stub-Loaded Resonators

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zh. Yao ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
N. Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Harmonic Frequency ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Mode Theory ◽  
Transmission Zeros ◽  
Coupling Capacitance ◽  
Compact Size

A dual-mode broadband bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple controllable transmission-zeros using T-shaped stub-loaded resonators (TSSLRs) is presented. Due to the symmetrical plane, the odd-even-mode theory can be adopted to characterize the BPF. The proposed filter consists of a dual-mode TSSLR and two modified feed-lines, which introduce two capacitive and inductive source-load (S-L) couplings. Five controllable transmission zeros (TZs) can be achieved for the high selectivity and the wide stopband because of the tunable amount of coupling capacitance and inductance. The center frequency of the proposed BPF is 5.8 GHz, with a 3 dB fraction bandwidth of 8.9%. The measured insertion and return losses are 1.75 and 28.18 dB, respectively. A compact size and second harmonic frequency suppression can be obtained by the proposed BPF with S-L couplings.

Exploring Affective Responses to Different Exercise Intensities in Low-Active Young Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Stych ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies ◽  
Significant Opportunity

Adolescence provides a significant opportunity to influence attitudes toward activity. It has been proposed that affective responses are the first link in the hypothesized exercise intensity-affect-adherence chain. The aim of this study was to explore young low-active adolescents’ affective responses to different exercise intensities using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Participants completed 15 min of exercise at four exercise intensities: three set in relation to the participants’ ventilatory threshold (above, at, and below) and one self-selected. Affective valence was measured before, during, and after exercise, and participants were interviewed about their responses. Patterns in affective responses in quantitative data support tenets of the dual-mode theory. Qualitative data were presented as four narrative stories, and dominant themes associated with affective responses were identified. Consideration of individual preferences in the prescription of exercise, prescribing exercise set below the ventilatory threshold, or encouraging adolescents to self-select exercise intensity could positively influence adolescents’ exercise experiences.

scholarly journals Computation of optical waveguide interaction for quantum gates implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012153
Author(s):  
A A Lytaev ◽  
I Yu Popov
Keyword(s):  
Optical Waveguide ◽  
Quantum Gates ◽  
Coupled Mode Theory ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Mode Theory ◽  
Coupled Mode ◽  
Control Switch

Abstract The system of two coupled optical dual-mode waveguides is considered. The coupling of the system is studied to find a circuit for building a control switch for two qubit gates. The classical coupled mode theory is applied and the exact expressions for coupling coefficients are derived. The parameters of the system for performing the desired operations are numerically computed and analysed. The system describing the influence of intermodal interactions is solved numerically. The distortions are analysed.

scholarly journals Zur interindividuellen Variabilität affektiver Reaktionen im Verlauf von Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportprogrammen

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorden Sudeck ◽  
Achim Conzelmann
Keyword(s):  
Dual Mode ◽  
Mode Theory ◽  
Eine Hohe

Positive Effekte sportlicher Aktivität auf das aktuelle Befinden sind meta-analytisch gut dokumentiert. Eine Generalisierung der Befunde wird dadurch eingeschränkt, dass zunehmend eine hohe interindividuelle Variabilität beobachtet wird und Prozesse während der Aktivität defizitär berücksichtigt wurden. Dieser Beitrag geht den Fragen nach, wie groß das Ausmaß interindividueller Variabilität affektiver Reaktionen im Verlauf von gruppenbasierten Freizeit- und Gesundheitssportaktivitäten ist und welchen Einfluss personale Voraussetzungen (Fitnesszustand) und Faktoren der Auseinandersetzung mit der Aktivität (Beanspruchungserleben, Kompetenzwahrnehmung, positives Gruppenerleben) nehmen. Speziell interessiert, inwieweit affektive Reaktionen in Abhängigkeit vom Zeitpunkt sowie in Abhängigkeit der Intensität von unterschiedlichen Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Dazu wurden 110 Universitätsangestellte (M = 49.5 Jahre) wiederholt im Rahmen von mehrwöchigen Programmen befragt. An insgesamt sechs Terminen wurden Handheld-PC-Befragungen vor, zweimal während und nach der Kursstunde durchgeführt, mit denen das aktuelle Befinden und mögliche Einflussfaktoren erfasst wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Variabilität affektiver Reaktionen im ersten Abschnitt der Sportprogramme am größten ist, während die Reaktionen am Ende der Kursstunde insgesamt positiver und homogener ausfallen. Im ersten Abschnitt sind personale Voraussetzungen noch wichtige Einflussfaktoren, während die Bedeutung der wahrgenommenen Kompetenz und des positiven Gruppenerlebens im Verlauf der Sportaktivität größer wird. Im Einklang mit der Dual Mode Theory weist die Kompetenzwahrnehmung bei anstrengender Intensität im Vergleich zu moderater Intensität einen größeren Zusammenhang mit dem Befinden auf.

scholarly journals Different Endurance Exercise Modalities, Different Affective Response: A Within-Subject Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Dierkes ◽  
Felipe Mattioni Maturana ◽  
Inka Rösel ◽  
Peter Martus ◽  
Andreas M. Nieß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Mode Theory ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Exercise Modality ◽  
Interoceptive Cues

Affect experienced during an exercise session is supposed to predict future exercise behavior. However, empirical evidence reveals high variability in affective response to different exercise modalities. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare acute affective response and its variation during three different endurance exercise modalities: (a) moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), (b) vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE), and (c) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Using the dual-mode theory as a theoretical framework, cognitive and interoceptive factors were considered as potential predictors of in-task affective response. In a within-subject design, 40 insufficiently active healthy participants (aged from 20 to 40 years) attended three sessions per exercise modality on a cycle ergometer. Affective valence (measured by the Feeling Scale), two cognitive factors (perceived competence and awareness of interoceptive cues), and one interoceptive factor (heart rate) were assessed before, during, and after each exercise session. Mixed models with three levels (subject, exercise session, and time point) revealed more positive affective valence during MICE compared with VICE (p < 0.001) and HIIE (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between the latter two. Levene's test results showed the highest variability of in-task affective valence during VICE (ps < 0.01). Regarding the course across the session, MICE was associated with a constant slight increase in affective valence from pre- to post-exercise (p < 0.05), whereas VICE and HIIE caused a decline in pleasure, followed by an affective rebound immediately after exercise termination (ps < 0.01). The highest importance of cognitive and interoceptive factors for in-task affective valence was observed in VICE (ps < 0.05). The current findings provide support for the tenets of the dual-mode theory, however, indicating that there may be differences in the affect-intensity relationship between continuous and interval exercise. In conclusion, the study results concerning previously insufficiently active individuals extend the knowledge of how exercise can positively shape affective well-being depending on exercise modality and psychophysiological influences. This knowledge enables public health practitioners to design more individualized activity recommendations, thereby improving the subjective experience of exercise.

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