Comparative Analysis of Urbanization Due To Rural- To-Urban Migration in Rajasthan

The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

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The relationship between rural to urban migration in China and risk of depression in later life: An investigation of life course effects

Social Science & Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 270 ◽

pp. 113637

Author(s):

Nan Zhang ◽

James Nazroo ◽

Bram Vanhoutte

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Later Life ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Rural To Urban Migration ◽

The Relationship

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The impact of non-cognitive skills and risk preferences on rural-to-urban migration in Ukraine

Journal of Comparative Economics ◽

10.1016/j.jce.2019.09.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 144-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sinem H. Ayhan ◽

Kseniia Gatskova ◽

Hartmut Lehmann

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Skills ◽

Risk Preferences ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Rural To Urban Migration ◽

The Impact

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Demography and Dispossession: Explaining the Growth of the Global Informal Workforce, 1950-2000

Social Science History ◽

10.1017/ssh.2019.34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 679-703

Author(s):

Aaron Benanav

Keyword(s):

Labor Force ◽

High Income ◽

Informal Employment ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Demographic Expansion ◽

Urban Workers ◽

Urban Labor ◽

Rural To Urban Migration ◽

Global Population ◽

Demographic Growth

AbstractSince 1950, the world’s urban labor force has expanded dramatically, a process that has been accompanied by a large increase in informal employment. Accounts of these phenomena generally assume that urban workers without formal work are mostly recent migrants from the countryside. This article shows that outside of China, most of the growth of the world’s urban workforce has been the consequence of demographic expansion rather than rural-to-urban migration. A large portion of the world’s growing urban-born workforce has ended up in informal employment. I develop a concept of demographic dispossession to explain the relatively autonomous role demographic growth has played, first, in the proletarianization of the global population and, second, in the informalization of the urban workforce. I then explore the reasons why demographic growth in low- and medium-income countries tended to be more rapid and urban than demographic growth had been historically in the high-income countries.

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