A novel analysis of consumption-based carbon footprints in China: Unpacking the effects of urban settlement and rural-to-urban migration

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Cao ◽  
Anu Ramaswami
Keyword(s):  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration

An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Ziwei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Sectors

The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

Influence of Urbanization on Teaching and Learning of Agriculture for Enhance Skill Acqusition in Ebonyi State.

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Nwakwengu S.A. ◽  
Aneke C.U.
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Senior Secondary

The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of urbanization in teaching and learning of agriculture in Ebonyi State. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population was 397 which comprised 261 teachers of agricultural science in Ebonyi State and 136 senior secondary three students from 5 public secondary school in Abakiliki, Ebonyi State. No sampling was done due to the manageable size of the population. The instrument used for data collection was a 17 item questionnaire which was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded reliability index of 0.85 indicating that the instrument was suitable for data collection. The questionnaire was distributed by the researcher and three trained research assistants. Out of 397 copies distributed 383 were properly filled and returned representing 96.47 percent return rate. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and t-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses. Based on the data analysis, it was found that urbanization affects the quality of teachers in rural schools due to rural urban migration, increases the rate of agricultural teacher‟s turnover in teaching and reduces government attention to agricultural science teaching facilities in urban areas. Recommendations were made among, others that Government should be make teaching of skill acquisition in urban settlement to be attractive to the students and teachers should make instruction facilities to meet the needed skills and contemporary issues in urban settlement to the students.

Demography and Dispossession: Explaining the Growth of the Global Informal Workforce, 1950-2000

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-703
Author(s):  
Aaron Benanav
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
High Income ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Demographic Growth

AbstractSince 1950, the world’s urban labor force has expanded dramatically, a process that has been accompanied by a large increase in informal employment. Accounts of these phenomena generally assume that urban workers without formal work are mostly recent migrants from the countryside. This article shows that outside of China, most of the growth of the world’s urban workforce has been the consequence of demographic expansion rather than rural-to-urban migration. A large portion of the world’s growing urban-born workforce has ended up in informal employment. I develop a concept of demographic dispossession to explain the relatively autonomous role demographic growth has played, first, in the proletarianization of the global population and, second, in the informalization of the urban workforce. I then explore the reasons why demographic growth in low- and medium-income countries tended to be more rapid and urban than demographic growth had been historically in the high-income countries.

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