Improving the efficiency and reliability of electric power generation at incineration plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
A. V. Martynov ◽  
N. E. Kutko
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Working Media ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The article deals with the problem of waste disposal and, accordingly, landfills in the Moscow Region, which have now become the number 1 problem for the environment in Moscow and the Moscow Region. To solve this problem, incineration plants (IP) will be established in the near future. 4 plants will be located in the Moscow Region that will be able to eliminate 2800 thousand tons of waste per year. Burning of waste results in formation of slag making 25% of its volume, which has a very high temperature (1300.1500°C). An arrangement is considered, in which slag is sent to a water bath and heats the water to 50.90°C. This temperature is sufficient to evaporate any low-temperature substance (freons, limiting hydrocarbons, etc.), whereupon the steam of the low-temperature working medium is sent to a turbine, which produces additional electricity. The creation of a low-temperature thermal power plant (TPP) increases the reliability of electricity generation at the IP. The operation of low-temperature TPPs due to the heat of slag is very efficient, their efficiency factor being as high as 40.60%. In addition to the efficiency of TPPs, capital costs for the creation of additional devices at the IP are of great importance. Thermal power plants operating on slag are just such additional devices, so it is necessary to minimize the capital costs of their creation. In addition to equipment for the operation of TPPs, it is necessary to have a working medium in an amount determined by calculations. From the wide variety of working media, which are considered in the article, it is necessary to choose the substance with the lowest cost.

POSSIBLE USE OF FLY ASH IN CERAMIC INDUSTRIES: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAYATRI SHARMA ◽  
S. K. MEHLA ◽  
TARUN BHATNAGAR ◽  
ANNU BAJAJ
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Land Water

The process of coal combustion results in coal ash, 80% of which is very fine in nature & is thus known as fly ash. Presently, in India, about 120 coal based thermal power plants are producing about 90-120 million tons of fly ash every year. With increase in demand of power energy, more and more thermal power plants are expected to commission in near future and it is expected that fly ash generation will be 225 million tons by 2017. Disposal of fly ash requires large quantity of land, water and energy and its fine particles, if not disposed properly, by virtue of their weightless, can become air born and adversely affect the entire Environment. These earth elements primarily consist of silica, alumina & iron etc. and its physicochemical parameters are closely resembles with volcanic ash, natural soil etc. These properties, therefore, makes it suitable for use in ceramic industries and helps in saving the environment and resources.

scholarly journals Reliable and safe heat supply of residential buildings using wastewater after heaters for hot water supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
O. D. Samarin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Hot Water Supply

A modified scheme of heat supply of residential buildings with dependent connection to external heating networks is considered, providing reliability of heat supply and the necessary comfort in the premises due to mixing in some of wastewater after hot water supply (DHW) heaters at an outdoor temperature exceeding the break point of the temperature graph. The main equations describing the dependence of the water temperature in the supply line on the outside air temperature are analyzed, and a review of possible ways of regulating the heat supply and preventing "overflows" near the beginning and the end of the heating period is carried out, taking into account the requirements of the current regulatory documents of the Russian Federation. Calculations are made to determine the required proportion in the mixture for water consumption after the heaters of hot water supply in the conditions of the application of the scheme of connection of buildings to the heating network. The analysis of obtained results is given, and conclusions are drawn concerning expediency of application of the considered scheme. It is established that, from the power point of view, mixing of wastewater after heaters of DHW in the calculated quantity will allow to provide reliability of heat supply of the main group of residential buildings and safety of activity of people at high temperatures of outside air. It is shown that, at the same time, that the higher the current outdoor temperature, the greater the share of wastewater in the mixture, with the above dependence close to linear, and its numerical coefficients associated only with the calculated outdoor temperature in the construction area for the cold season. It is noted that the introduction of the proposed scheme is possible with a minimum reconstruction of existing units and structures without significant capital costs, and also gives a system-wide effect in the form of increased electricity generation in thermal power plants on thermal consumption.

Material and Dynamics Analysis of Low-Temperature Superheater Pipe Bulging Accident in Utility Boiler

2012 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Zhong Yue ◽  
Yue Shan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Metallurgical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

Pipe failure accidents (bulging, bursting) are frequent in thermal power plants, and severely influence the safe and economic running. The authors analyzed the possible causes and features of low-temperature superheater pipe bulging. Taking the low-temperature superheater pipe bulging accident in a power plant for an example, the authors conducted macroscopic topography analysis, running environment analysis, metallurgical analysis, chemical composition analysis and strength analysis of the bulged pipe. Paper’conclusion was that the cause of low-temperature superheater pipe bulging wasn’t superheating, and the cause of bulging was flame straightening of the pipe during installation. The paper's innovation is material and dynamics analysis of the accident cause.

scholarly journals Capacity optimization of renewable energy microgrid considering hydropower cogeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (3) ◽  
pp. 032068
Author(s):  
Lijun Fan ◽  
Jiedong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Thermal Power Generation

Abstract This paper proposes a renewable energy system based on photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and solar thermal power generation, combining thermal power plants with low-temperature multi-effect distillation. Through the electric heater and the thermal storage system photovoltaic and wind power will spare capacity in the form of heat energy, at the same time by thermal power generation system to maintain the stability of the power supply, run under constant output scheduling policy, to the levelling of the smallest energy cost and the design of power rate of maximum satisfaction as the goal, using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the best combination of capacity, this system is established. At the same time, combined with low-temperature multi-effect distillation, compared with reverse osmosis seawater desalination cost is lower, reduce energy consumption, has a good application prospect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficiency of cavitation-jet deaerator in condensate return systems of remote external consumers of thermal power plants

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Yu.E. Barochkin ◽  
A.Ya. Kopsov ◽  
G.V. Leduhovsky ◽  
S.I. Shuvalov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Nominal Capacity

Thermal power plants (TPPs) operate technological systems for the steam condensate return from remote external consumers. In such systems, it is necessary to protect the metal from corrosion. This will allow ful-filling the regulatory requirements for the concentration of iron compounds in the condensate entering the power plant. Such systems do not use thermal deaerators operated by using heating steam. The aim of the undertaken study is to assess the efficiency of superheated water deaerator use in such conditions, in par-ticular cavitation-jet deaerators. It means determining the effect of a new element of the system – the de-aerator – on the normalized chemical parameters of the returned condensate. A mathematical model of superheated water deaerators is used. The employed model is based on the theory of similarity of heat and mass transfer processes. The methodology for calculating the corrosion rate of return condensate pipelines was used, as well as experimental data on medium pressure TPPs. The efficiency of cavitation-jet deaerators in condensate return systems of external consumers has been estimated. A mathematical description of the system has been developed, which allows determining the required performance of deaerators and the required ratio of water recirculation through them in each mode. Recommendations for effective practical applications of the proposed technical solution have been developed considering the actual conditions at thermal power plants. It is advisable to install a deaerator according to the recirculation scheme through the condensate collection tank. This scheme, compared to a sequential scheme, enables to reduce capital costs and ensure that the deaerator operates in the highest efficiency mode. The choice of the nominal capacity of deaerators should be carried out taking into account the graphs of the change in the flow rate of incoming condensate and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in it during the day. In most operating modes of the system, it is possible to ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements for the mass concentration of corrosion products in the condensate returned to the TPP. The obtained results can be used in the design of new and improving the efficiency of existing TPPs that supply steam to external consumers.

Trigeneration: Thermodynamic Performance and Cold Expander Aerodynamic Design in Humid Air Turbines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Marcus Thern ◽  
Mohsen Assadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Reynolds Number Effects ◽  
Design Optimum

Improving electrical efficiency has been proposed as the most convenient means of reducing, e.g. CO2 emission from power plants. Increasing fuel utilization through combined heat and power generation is another useful measure for emission reduction. Trigeneration technology for the production of heat, power and cooling is an interesting alternative for further improvement of fuel utilization. Previous studies at The Department of Heat and Power Engineering in Lund, Sweden, have shown that wet cycles are the best candidates, with a high potential to achieve fuel utilization higher than 100%, based on the fuel’s lower heating value [1, 2, 8]. Apart from high fuel utilization, trigeneration technology can produce cooling without the use of harmful cooling agents. The basic principle of trigeneration is to interrupt the expansion at an elevated pressure level and extract heat from the working medium. The final expansion then takes place at low temperature admission levels resulting in a very low temperature at the turbine exhaust. In this paper results from both thermodynamic analysis of the humid air turbine concept in conjunction with trigeneration, and the expander design criterion required for realization of the last section of the expander are presented. The thermodynamic study gives the boundary conditions for the cold turbine design. Optimum conditions for the inlet to the cold expander are a pressure of 2 to 3 bar and a temperature of 47°C. This may put serious loading constraints on the final cold expander design due to Mach and Reynolds number effects. This problem has been investigated and a detailed study of the aerodynamic loading and efficiency levels achievable is presented, using a mid-span and SCM-throughflow approach. This paper will address the cycle performance and the cold turbine aerodynamic limitations on the thermodynamic optima.

Application of PTFE Heat Exchanger in Low Temperature Waste Heat of Big Coal-Fired Power Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Peng Hong ◽  
Hui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Power Plant Boiler ◽  
Plant Boiler

With the rapid development of the national economy, the use of low-temperature heat in thermal power plant boiler can not be ignored.Although low temperature economizer is widely used in low-temperature waste heat recovery of thermal power plant boiler, the problems of corrosion and fouling are very significant.New type PTFE heat exchanger filled with high thermal conductivity properties can replace the existing metal heat exchanger, fundamentally solve the problems of corrosion and fouling, meet the future development of the thermal power plant, and realize the energy recycling to maximize the benefit of energy.

Boosting the Efficiency of an 800 MW-Class Power Plant through Utilization of Low Temperature Heat of Flue Gases

2013 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Wołowicz ◽  
Jarosław Milewski ◽  
Kamil Futyma ◽  
Wojciech Bujalski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Regenerative Heat ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Class Power ◽  
Working Media

This article presents an analysis on possible ways of utilizing low-temperature waste heat. If well-designed, this could contribute to increasing the efficiency of power plants without introducing many complex changes to the whole system. The main analysis focuses on the location of the regenerative heat exchanger in the facility. This could differ with varying temperatures of working media in the system. The base for investigations was a 800 MW-class power unit operating in off-design conditions and supplied with steam from an BB2400 boiler. Modifications to the model were made using commercially available software and by applying the Stodola equation and the SCC method. It allowed to determine the most suitable position for installing the low-temperature heat exchanger. Calculations for off-design conditions show that, after making some modifications to the system, both heat and electricity generation could be increased through the addition of a low-temperature heat exchanger.

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