An Assessment Framework for PV Parallel MPPT Configuration with a New Utilization for UIPS Loads

The prevalence rate of photovoltaics (PV)-based generation systems has increased by more than 15 folds in the last decade, putting it on the top compared to any other power generation system from the expandability point of view. A portion of this huge expansion serves to energize standalone remote areas. Seeking improvements from different aspects of PV systems has been the focus of many studies. In the track of these improvements, parallel MPPT configuration for PV standalone systems have been introduced in the literature as an alternative to a series configuration to improve the overall efficiency of standalone PV systems. However, this efficiency improvement of the parallel MPPT configuration over the series one is not valid for any standalone application, therefore an assessment procedure is required to determine the most efficient MPPT configuration for different standalone applications. Therefore, in this study, an assessment procedure of parallel MPPT is conducted to demonstrate the suitability of utilizing such a configuration compared to series one, based on load daytime energy contributions. This assessment will help PV system designers to determine which MPPT configuration should be selected for applications under study. Furthermore, a new utilization of parallel MPPT configuration is introduced for operating universal input power supply (UIPS) loads to eliminate the inverter stage, thereby increasing the overall system efficiency and reliability. Finally, a systematic procedure to size the complete system is introduced and reinforced by a sizing example.

Smart Grid-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

The movements for any type of electric vehicle (EV) can be powered by wheels or driven by rotary motors. EVs derive their power from various sources, including fossil fuels. In the long term, reducing the cost of electrically powered vehicles (EDV) is seen as an essential ingredient to increase consumer acceptance. In addition, it aims to reduce the weight and volume of EDV. Moreover, the focus is on improving the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the EDV. The development of innovative modules is important when the acceleration of production and marketing needs to be improved. Consumers are looking for the production and transmission of electrical energy. This contributes to a greener environment. One of the most important parts of an EV is its battery. A proposed model presented in this chapter considers several parameters: solar radiation (PV panels), EV backup battery, and main charger. The model allows energy storage to be developed efficiently.

AFM Nanotribomechanical Characterization of Thin Films for MEMS Applications

Nanotribological studies of thin films are needed to develop a fundamental understanding of the phenomena that occur to the interface surfaces that come in contact at the micro and nanoscale and to study the interfacial phenomena that occur in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and other applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been shown to be an instrument capable of investigating the nanomechanical behavior of many surfaces, including thin films. The measurements of tribo-mechanical behavior for MEMS materials are essential when it comes to designing and evaluating MEMS devices. A great deal of research has been conducted to evaluate the efficiency and reliability of different measurements methods for mechanical properties of MEMS material; nevertheless, the technologies regarding manufacturing and testing MEMS materials are not fully developed. The objectivesof this study are to focus on the review of the mechanical and tribological advantages of thin film and to highlight the experimental results of some thin films to obtain quantitative analyses, the elastic/plastic response and the nanotribological behavior. The slight fluctuation of the results for common thin-film materials is most likely due to the lack of international standardization for MEMS materials and for the methods used to measure their properties.

News Content: from Event to Viewer

The purpose of the research is to analyze the way of news information from the event to the screen, to identify the extent to which the use of new technologies affects the audience, to determine the role of a journalist, an editor, a video editor and a sound engineer in this chain, to prove the importance of verifying information. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive theoretical analysis and descriptive-analytical approach, which combines methods of observation, comparison and generalization. The method of theoretical analysis of television stories, scientific publications, as well as determining the role of each employee of the channel, who works on the release of information on the air. Scientific novelty is a detailed analysis of news content on television, determining aspects of interdependence, efficiency and reliability of information when submitting news. Conclusions. Trends in the dynamic development of television have led to significant transformation processes and the use of the latest technologies to influence the audience in news content. The article analyzes the work with information at different levels, elaborates on each stage of news verification, summarizes news factors, approach to writing news stories.

Mechanical treatment of wastewater

Подбор оборудования для механической очистки сточных вод является важным этапом при реконструкции или новом строительстве очистных сооружений, который определяет их эффективность и надежность с точки зрения технологии и эксплуатации. Приведены примеры распространенных на данный момент технических решений по конструкции фильтрующего полотна решеток для механической очистки сточных вод. Дано сравнение эффективности данных решений. На основе исследования очистных сооружений в Германии представлено сравнение эффективности задержания отбросов в зависимости от применяемого ранга фильтрации: двумерной (перфорация) и одномерной (прозор). The selection of equipment for mechanical wastewater treatment is an important stage in the reconstruction or new construction of the treatment facilities that determines their efficiency and reliability in terms of the technology and operation. The examples of the currently widespread technical solutions for designing filtering cloth of the screens for mechanical wastewater treatment are given. The effectiveness of these solutions is compared. On the basis of studying wastewater treatment facilities in Germany, a comparison of the debris retention efficiency depending on the applied filtration grade, i. e., two-dimensional (perforation) and one-dimensional (bar spacing) is presented.

COPEX: co-evolutionary crystal structure prediction algorithm for complex systems

Crystal structure prediction has been widely used to accelerate the discovery of new materials in recent years. Up to this day, it remains a challenge to predict the stable stoichiometries and structures of ternary or more complex systems due to the explosive increase of the size of the chemical and configurational space. Numerous novel materials with a series of unique characteristics are expected to be found in this virgin territory while new algorithms to predict crystal structures in complex systems are urgently called for. Inspired by co-evolution in biology, here we propose a co-evolutionary algorithm, which we name COPEX, and which is based on the well-known evolutionary algorithm USPEX. Within this proposed algorithm, a few USPEX calculations for ternary systems and multiple for energetically-favored pseudobinary or fixed-composition systems are carried out in parallel, and co-evolution is achieved by sharing structural information on the fittest individuals among different USPEX sub-processes during the joint evolution. We have applied the algorithm to W–Cr–B, Mg–Si–O, and Hf–Ta–C, three very different systems, and many ternary compounds have been identified. Our results clearly demonstrate that the COPEX algorithm combines efficiency and reliability even for complex systems.

Design and implementation of internet of things-based electrical monitoring system

Many modern monitoring and controlling projects such as systems in factories, home, and other used the internet of things (IoT). These devices perform self-functions without requiring manual intervention in order to improve convenience and safety. Electrical networks are one of the most important areas in which IoT systems can control, monitor, detect, and alarm for faultier, because detecting faults, monitoring network data, and finding the best solutions in a smaller duration of time to improve the efficiency and reliability of electrical networks. This paper proposes a system on the basis of a wireless sensor network (WSN). This system monitors and controls a variety of electrical and environmental variables, including power consumption, weather temperature, humidity, flame, lighting, and detection cut in the cable in electrical poles. Each sensor is a node and is connected to a microcontroller board separately. The data collected by these sensors is display and monitored on a web page and saved in a local server's database, this site was created with a variety of web programming languages. The system was developed using a free global domain. The website having a database for storing real-time sensor information.

Analysis of stochastic system status of electrificated railways based on machine learning

Stochastic systems are the systems in which changes are random, the predicted values depend on the probability distribution. An example of a stochastic system is a power system, the operation of which is influenced by many random factors, their analysis and control will give an opportunity to control the safe cycle as well as operation reliability. Improving the efficiency and reliability of the energy system is impossible without the development of special monitoring tools and predicting their state.