A cross-cultural study on the Köhler Motivation Gain Effect in team performance

The present study examined a factor that could contribute to cross-cultural differences in team performance (viz., age composition between team members) within one group motivation-gain paradigm (viz. the Köhler motivation gain, where a low-ability team member works harder in a team where they are the “weak link” than if s/he were working alone; Hertel, Kerr, & Messé, 2000a). In Exp. 1, I proposed that cultural difference between East Asians and Westerners(e.g., collectivism vs. individualism, interdependent vs. independent self-construal) could moderate the Köhler motivation gain effect, but the results showed that the culture did not moderate the Köhler effect. In Exp. 2, I found that age composition between group members (i.e., working with younger partner vs. older partner) might have different meaning in Korean culture compared to American culture. Finally, in Exp. 3., I conducted an experiment which extended the results of the Exp. 2 in two ways: 1) the Exp. 3 collected actual performance data rather than respondents’ intention to perform, as in the prior study, and 2) the Exp. 3 competitively tested alternative explanations for an age-of-partner effect in Korea. Both the performance results and subjective ratings of the present study suggested that the age effect in Korea could be explained in terms of participant’s felt responsibility in the task performance situation (i.e., Koreans felt more responsibility for the outcome of their group when they worked with a younger partner than an older partner). These results were discussed in terms of the social psychological implications of the deeply rooted Confucianism in Korean society (Koh, 1996). Limitations of the study and implications of the results for understanding existing cross-cultural theories were also discussed.

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Cross-Cultural Differences in the Valuing of Dominance by Young Children

Journal of Cognition and Culture ◽

10.1163/15685373-12340058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3-4) ◽

pp. 256-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rawan Charafeddine ◽

Hugo Mercier ◽

Takahiro Yamada ◽

Tomoko Matsui ◽

Mioko Sudo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Japanese Culture ◽

Developmental Research ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Cross Cultural Research ◽

Dominant Individual

AbstractDevelopmental research suggests that young children tend to value dominant individuals over subordinates. This research, however, has nearly exclusively been carried out in Western cultures, and cross-cultural research among adults has revealed cultural differences in the valuing of dominance. In particular, it seems that Japanese culture, relative to many Western cultures, values dominance less. We conducted two experiments to test whether this difference would be observed in preschoolers. In Experiment 1, preschoolers in France and in Japan were asked to identify with either a dominant or a subordinate. French preschoolers identified with the dominant, but Japanese preschoolers were at chance. Experiment 2 revealed that Japanese preschoolers were more likely to believe a subordinate than a dominant individual, both compared to chance and compared to previous findings among French preschoolers. The convergent results from both experiments thus reveal an early emerging cross-cultural difference in the valuing of dominance.

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Children in Asian cultures say yes to yes—no questions: Common and cultural differences between Vietnamese and Japanese children

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025407087211 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Mako Okanda ◽

Shoji Itakura

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Response Tendency ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Asian Children ◽

Familiar Condition ◽

American Children ◽

Different Response

We investigated whether children's response tendency toward yes—no questions concerning objects is a common phenomenon regardless of languages and cultures. Vietnamese and Japanese 2- to 5-year-old ( N = 108) were investigated. We also examined whether familiarity with the questioning issue has any effect on Asian children's yes bias. As the result, Asian children showed a yes bias to yes—no questions. The children's response tendency changes dramatically with their age: Vietnamese and Japanese 2- and 3-year-olds showed a yes bias, but 5-year-olds did not. However, Asian 4-year-olds also showed a yes bias only in the familiar condition. Also, Asian children showed a stronger yes bias in the familiar condition than the unfamiliar condition. These two findings in Asian children were different from the previous finding investigated North American children (Fritzley & Lee, 2003). Moreover, there was a within-Asian cross-cultural difference. Japanese children showed different response tendencies, which were rarely observed in Vietnamese children. Japanese 2-year-olds and some 3-year-olds showed a “no answer” response: they tended not to respond to an interviewer's questions. Japanese 4- and 5-year-olds also showed an “I don't know” response when they were asked about unfamiliar objects. Japanese children tended to avoid a binary decision. We discussed the cross-cultural differences.

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NO CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE GETTIER CAR CASE INTUITION: A REPLICATION STUDY OF WEINBERG ET AL. 2001

Episteme ◽

10.1017/epi.2015.17 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 355-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Minsun Kim ◽

Yuan Yuan

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Strong Evidence ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

East Asian ◽

Asian Population ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

East Asians ◽

Replication Studies ◽

Cross Cultural Differences

AbstractIn “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” (NEI), Weinberg, Nichols and Stich famously argue from empirical data that East Asians and Westerners have different intuitions about Gettier-style cases. We attempted to replicate their study about the Gettier Car Case. Our study used the same methods and case taken verbatim, but sampled an East Asian population 2.5 times greater than NEI's 23 participants. We found no evidence supporting the existence of cross-cultural difference about the intuition concerning the case. Taken together with the failures of both of the existing replication studies (Nagel et al. 2013; Seyedsayamdost 2014), our data provide strong evidence that the purported cross-cultural difference in intuitions about Gettier-style cases does not exist.

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Cross-Cultural Difference in Product Preference in Consumer Review-Based Text Mining Methods: a Case Study on Smart Band

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1383-1387

Author(s):

Cai Wang ◽

Myung Hwan Yun

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Text Mining ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Mining Methods ◽

Product Preference

The aim of this study is to compare the cross-cultural differences in product preference among users from different countries, taking Mi band 3 as a case study. With the development of global market, more and more products and services are sold across the globe. Users from different cultures have different behaviors, cognitive styles, and value systems. Therefore, product should be designed to meet the needs and preferences of users from different cultural groups. Compared to traditional research method such as survey questionnaire or interview that requires variety of foreigners as participants, text mining methods from online reviews save much more cost and time. We collected review data from the following three websites: Naver of South Korea, Jingdong of China, and Amazon of the United States. Text mining methods including opinion mining, sentiment analysis, and semantic network analysis were performed. Firstly, product aspects were extracted from reviews according to word frequency. This indicates how much users are paying attention to different aspects of the product. Fine-grained sentiment analysis was conducted to find out customer satisfaction with different product aspects. Then, the words most associated with each product aspect were listed. Cluster analysis was conducted and the topic of each cluster was summarized. Lastly, cross-cultural difference among three countries from the results was observed and discussed. Though there exist similar issues in product preferences among South Korea, China, and the United States, cross-cultural differences about Mi band 3 are shown in many product aspects. The outcome can suggest implications for making strategies in product internationalization and product localization for the global marketing of smart band.

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Codependency in mothers of addicted persons: Cross-cultural differences between Greece and Bulgaria

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2332 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S622-S623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Giannouli ◽

D. Ivanova

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

High School Graduates ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

The People ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionThe people who maintain close relationships with relatives suffering from addiction to psychoactive substances may become more sensitive to develop a physical, mental and emotional state, similar to an emotional addiction.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to give a cross-cultural perspective to codependence and reveal the profile of female relatives of addicted persons in Greece and Bulgaria.MethodThirty-nine Greek mothers of addicted persons from Greece (Mage = 43.97, SDage = 18.34, all high school graduates), a similar group of forty Greek female participants (32 mothers of non-addicted persons, Mage = 40.97, SDage = 17.22, all high school graduates), and thirty Bulgarian women (all mothers of addicted persons, Mage = 53.55, SDage = 5.58, all high school graduates) were examined with the STAI-state questionnaire, the ZUNG Self Rating Depression Scale and the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency.ResultsResults indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the Greek and the Bulgarian female relatives of addicted persons on the scores ofZUNG (MGreek = 51.64, SDGreek = 2.07, MBulgarian = 73.63, SDBulgarian = 4.04) and STAI (MGreek = 53.89, SDGreek = 2.68, MBulgarian = 74.16, SDBulgarian = 4.84), but not for the Questionnaire of Establishment of Codependency. Statistically significant differences in all three questionnaires were found for the groups of Greek mothers of dependent and non-dependent persons (P < .005).ConclusionsThis research suggests that although there is more anxiety and depression reported by the Bulgarian mothers of addicted persons, no cross-cultural difference was found for codependence in mothers of addicted persons.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Customer complaints and disagreements in a multilingual business environment. A discursive-pragmatic analysis

Intercultural Pragmatics ◽

10.1515/ip-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sofie Decock ◽

Anneleen Spiessens

Keyword(s):

Cultural Difference ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Business Environment ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Intercultural Awareness ◽

Customer Complaints ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Pragmatic Analysis ◽

French Speaking ◽

Societal Level

AbstractThis paper probes into authentic CMC business complaints and disagreements by offering a discourse-pragmatic analysis of complaint negotiation e-mails written by French- and German-language customers. The analysis focuses on an identification and description of complaint and disagreement strategies, and on the presence of internal and external modifiers. Our data, gathered ethnographically at the sales department of a Belgian multinational, shows how the customer’s discourse evolves from more neutral, problem-oriented, routinized formulations in first complaints towards more confrontational, person-oriented, ad hoc formulations in disagreement e-mails as reactions to complaint refusals. This discursive change goes hand in hand with an increase in the use of direct speech act realizations and upgraders. As it appears, in the course of the complaint negotiation, face-threat to the speaker outweighs consideration of the addressee’s face needs. The most notable cross-cultural difference we found between German- and French-speaking customers is a more explicit style in German and a more confrontational style in French, with cross-cultural differences gaining weight at the expense of international communicative norms in less routinized messages. Finally, the results of our study urge us to reassess concepts of directness, and on a societal level, they serve to promote intercultural awareness in business contexts.

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De Voorkeur Voor Expertevidentie in Nederland en Frankrijk

Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen ◽

10.1075/ttwia.73.02hor ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Jos Hornikx

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Difference ◽

Statistical Evidence ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Expert Evidence ◽

Persuasive Messages ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Lay People ◽

Evidence Type

Numerous studies have investigated the persuasive effects of different evidence types as support for claims in persuasive messages, but little attention has been paid to the preference that people have for these evidence types. In Hornikx (2003), expert evidence, which relies on the expert's confirmation of the claim, was more frequently used in French than in Dutch persuasive information brochures. As text writers are professionals, experienced in designing persuasive texts, their preferences for evidence types may differ from those of lay people. In order to test whether this cultural difference also applies to lay people, 174 Dutch and French students were given claims supported by evidence, and were asked to rank the evidence types in function of their preference. Two subtle cross-cultural differences appeared: the French put expert evidence more frequently in the first position, and ranked it more frequently before statistical evidence, which was the most preferred evidence type in both groups.

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Attenuation of the Köhler Effect in Racially Dissimilar Partnered Exercise Reversed Using Team Identity Strategy

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.2020-0085 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Tayo Moss ◽

Stephen Samendinger ◽

Norbert L. Kerr ◽

Joseph Cesario ◽

Alan L. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Team Performance ◽

White Male ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Team Identity ◽

Performance Outcome ◽

Successful Group ◽

Kohler Effect ◽

Task Conditions ◽

Motivation Gain

The authors describe two research experiments exploring the influence of race on the Köhler motivation gain effect with exercise tasks. Experiment 1 tested whether partner racial dissimilarity affects individual performance. Experiment 2 created a team identity recategorization intervention to potentially counter the influence on performance observed in Experiment 1. White male participants were partnered with either a Black or Asian partner (Experiment 1) or with a Black partner utilizing team names and shirt colors as a team identity recategorization strategy (Experiment 2). Racially dissimilar dyads completed two sets of abdominal plank exercises with a Köhler conjunctive task paradigm (stronger partner; team performance outcome dependent upon the weaker-ability participant’s performance). The results of Experiment 1 suggest attenuation of the previously successful group motivation gain effect in the racially dissimilar condition. The simple recategorization strategy utilized in Experiment 2 appeared to reverse motivation losses under conjunctive-task conditions in racially dissimilar exercise dyads.

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