Cross-Cultural Differences in the Valuing of Dominance by Young Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 256-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Charafeddine ◽  
Hugo Mercier ◽  
Takahiro Yamada ◽  
Tomoko Matsui ◽  
Mioko Sudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Dominant Individual

AbstractDevelopmental research suggests that young children tend to value dominant individuals over subordinates. This research, however, has nearly exclusively been carried out in Western cultures, and cross-cultural research among adults has revealed cultural differences in the valuing of dominance. In particular, it seems that Japanese culture, relative to many Western cultures, values dominance less. We conducted two experiments to test whether this difference would be observed in preschoolers. In Experiment 1, preschoolers in France and in Japan were asked to identify with either a dominant or a subordinate. French preschoolers identified with the dominant, but Japanese preschoolers were at chance. Experiment 2 revealed that Japanese preschoolers were more likely to believe a subordinate than a dominant individual, both compared to chance and compared to previous findings among French preschoolers. The convergent results from both experiments thus reveal an early emerging cross-cultural difference in the valuing of dominance.

scholarly journals Erotics of Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2(suplemento)) ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Michael G. Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Temporal Agency

Research in anthropology and sociology has focused on the social organization of time and time reckoning. There is, consequently, an emphasis on cross-cultural differences in the meaning of time. This line of inquiry neglects variation in the perceived passage of time as well as temporal agency. Following a review of extant research in anthropology, I call for cross-cultural research on the perception of time or subjective temporal experience. Using a theoretical framework for the study of social interaction, I point to scattered evidence for cross-cultural uniformity in the perception of time and temporal agency. I conclude with a call for further investigation of these topics.

Methodological Issues in MIS Cross-Cultural Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Karahanna ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Mark Srite
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Measurement Artifacts ◽  
Comparative Nature

This paper presents a discussion of methodological issues that are relevant and idiosyncratic to cross-cultural research. One characteristic that typifies cross-cultural studies is their comparative nature, i.e., they involve a comparison across two separate cultures on a focal phenomenon. When differences across cultures are observed, the question arises as to whether the results are true cultural differences or merely measurement artifacts. Methodological considerations in cross-cultural research focus on ruling out alternative explanations for these differences and thus enhancing the interpretability of the results. The paper presents an overview of key methodological issues in cross-cultural research and reviews methods of preventing or detecting methodological problems.

scholarly journals Children in Asian cultures say yes to yes—no questions: Common and cultural differences between Vietnamese and Japanese children

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mako Okanda ◽  
Shoji Itakura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Response Tendency ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Familiar Condition ◽  
American Children ◽  
Different Response

We investigated whether children's response tendency toward yes—no questions concerning objects is a common phenomenon regardless of languages and cultures. Vietnamese and Japanese 2- to 5-year-old ( N = 108) were investigated. We also examined whether familiarity with the questioning issue has any effect on Asian children's yes bias. As the result, Asian children showed a yes bias to yes—no questions. The children's response tendency changes dramatically with their age: Vietnamese and Japanese 2- and 3-year-olds showed a yes bias, but 5-year-olds did not. However, Asian 4-year-olds also showed a yes bias only in the familiar condition. Also, Asian children showed a stronger yes bias in the familiar condition than the unfamiliar condition. These two findings in Asian children were different from the previous finding investigated North American children (Fritzley & Lee, 2003). Moreover, there was a within-Asian cross-cultural difference. Japanese children showed different response tendencies, which were rarely observed in Vietnamese children. Japanese 2-year-olds and some 3-year-olds showed a “no answer” response: they tended not to respond to an interviewer's questions. Japanese 4- and 5-year-olds also showed an “I don't know” response when they were asked about unfamiliar objects. Japanese children tended to avoid a binary decision. We discussed the cross-cultural differences.

Cultural Differences in Mulan between Chinese Version and Disney Version

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Guofei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Chinese Film ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Cultures

This article puts Chinese Mulan and Disney Mulan's plots as the starting point, analyzes of the adaptation of the plots to show the different cultural significance given by different nationalities. The purpose of this paper is to research the cultural differences reflected in the films made by Hua Mulan in different countries. In this era of globalization, and in the face of different cultures, only by taking its essence and its dross will produce masterpieces that attract worldwide attention. There are indeed many cultural differences between the Chinese film Mulan and the American film Mulan. After analyzing the reasons for the differences, this study summarizes the enlightenment of these differences to cross-cultural research and shows some views.

scholarly journals NO CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE GETTIER CAR CASE INTUITION: A REPLICATION STUDY OF WEINBERG ET AL. 2001

Episteme ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsun Kim ◽  
Yuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences

AbstractIn “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” (NEI), Weinberg, Nichols and Stich famously argue from empirical data that East Asians and Westerners have different intuitions about Gettier-style cases. We attempted to replicate their study about the Gettier Car Case. Our study used the same methods and case taken verbatim, but sampled an East Asian population 2.5 times greater than NEI's 23 participants. We found no evidence supporting the existence of cross-cultural difference about the intuition concerning the case. Taken together with the failures of both of the existing replication studies (Nagel et al. 2013; Seyedsayamdost 2014), our data provide strong evidence that the purported cross-cultural difference in intuitions about Gettier-style cases does not exist.

scholarly journals Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences In Social Knowledge Creation And Exchange: A Preliminary Examination

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Girard ◽  
Andy Bertsch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Social

This paper chronicles an exploratory, in-progress research project that compares the findings of Hofstede’s cross-cultural research with those of Forrester’s Social Technographics research.  The aim of the project is to determine if a relationship exists between cultural differences and social knowledge creation and exchange.  Part one of the study mapped Davenport and Prusak’s information and knowledge creation theories to the six components of Forrester’s Social Technographics study (creators, critics, collectors, joiners, spectators, and inactives).  Next, the Social Technographics results from 13 nations were compared with Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity).  The analysis included exploring the relationship visually using 24 scatter diagrams, running correlation coefficients (Peasson’s r) for each relationship, testing for significance of Pearson’s r, and finally conducting regression analyses on each relationship. Although the authors believe that culture influences behaviours, this study did not reveal any reasonable relationships between culture and placement along the Social Technographics.  However, it is possible that there exists problems in the Hofstede scales.  The Hofstede scales have been highly criticized in the literature.  It may be that other cross-cultural models such as GLOBE, Schwartz, Triandis, or others may yield different results.  In this regard, further research is necessary.  The next phase of the project will compare Social Technographics with the GLOBE project findings.

scholarly journals Mobile Sensing Around the Globe: Considerations for Cross-Cultural Research

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Vy Phan ◽  
Nick Modersitzki ◽  
Kim Karen Gloystein ◽  
Sandrine Müller
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mobile Sensing ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Research Findings

The ubiquity of mobile devices allows researchers to assess people’s real-life behaviors objectively, unobtrusively, and with high temporal resolution. As a result, psychological mobile sensing research has grown rapidly. However, only very few cross-cultural mobile sensing studies have been conducted to date. In addition, existing multi-country studies often fail to acknowledge or examine possible cross-cultural differences. In this chapter, we illustrate biases that can occur when conducting cross-cultural mobile sensing studies. Such biases can relate to measurement, construct, sample, device type, user practices, and environmental factors. We also propose mitigation strategies to minimize these biases, such as the use of informants with expertise in local culture, the development of cross-culturally comparable instruments, the use of culture-specific recruiting strategies and incentives, and rigorous reporting standards regarding the generalizability of research findings. We hope to inspire rigorous comparative research to establish and refine mobile sensing methodologies for cross-cultural psychology.

Textual analysis of online reviews as a lens for cross-cultural assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nakayama ◽  
Yun Wan
Keyword(s):  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Consumer Reviews ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Cultural Assessment ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to call researchers’ attention to cross-cultural research using online consumer reviews and multilingual textual analysis. Design/methodology/approach The authors discuss a selected literature review and the highlight of the four studies that show cross-cultural differences in online reviews on ethnic restaurants. Findings Applying multilingual textual analysis could prompt new venues to verify and expand future cross-cultural research in tourism and hospitality. Originality/value The paper introduces examples of multilingual textual analysis used for cross-cultural studies.

From a cross-cultural research to a film cross-analysis of Italian and American cultural generalizations and stereotypes: My Name is Tanino and Under the Tuscan Sun

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ciofalo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
University Research ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Interpretative Approach

Abstract This article develops from a wider inter-university research project that focused on the analysis of reciprocal forms of representation of United States and Italy within media industries, and proposes a cross-analysis of the films My Name is Tanino directed by Virzì (2002) and Under the Tuscan Sun by Wells (2003). The aim is to highlight how both films refer to cultural generalizations and stereotypes in regards to American and Italian cultures in a complementary way. To identify the recurring elements of the communicative frame, the article takes an approach based on the recognition of high-context and low-context styles. Finally, to deepen the films’ shared logic of intercultural representation, this article proposes a further interpretative approach based on the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) (Bennett 2017), useful in categorizing recurrent attitudes towards cultural differences such as denial, minimization, defence, acceptance, integration and adaptation.

Cross-Cultural Research in MIS

2011 ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Elena Karahanna ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Mark Srite
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

“Globalization of business highlights the need to understand the management of organizations that span different nations and cultures” (Srite et al., 2003, p. 31). In these multinational and transcultural organizations, there is a growing call for utilizing information technology (IT) to achieve efficiencies, coordination, and communication. However, cultural differences between countries may have an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of IT deployment. Despite its importance, the effect of cultural factors has received limited attention from information systems’ (IS) researchers. In a review of cross-cultural research specifically focused on the MIS area (Evaristo, Karahanna, & Srite, 2000), a very limited number of studies were found that could be classi- fied as cross-cultural. Additionally, even though many of the studies found provided useful insights, raised interesting questions, and generally contributed toward the advancement of the state of the art in its field, with few exceptions, no study specifically addressed equivalency issues central to measurement in cross-cultural research. It is this methodological issue of equivalency that is the focus of this article.

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