scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Methods of Estimating Liquefaction for Diyala Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Hassan Abbas ◽  
Jubran Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Task Force Report ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Engineering Projects

The phenomenon of liquefaction is one of the most important problems in engineering projects.  It occurs in saturated sandy soils during the occurrence of earthquakes. Methods based on the standard penetration test (SPT) were developed to calculate the liquefaction potential according to the seismic loads. These methods have been developed and updated over time by some researchers. This paper analyses the comparison between methods of calculating liquefaction potential. The case study that was selected for the analysis of the comparison methods is Diyala Governorate soil. The methods that have been chosen for making a comparative analysis are the Japanese method, National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research 1997 (NCEER) workshop, Task Force Report 2007 (Vancouver) and Boulanger and Idriss 2014. The analysis of results stated that the Boulanger and Idriss method is considered more suitable than others for calculating the potential for liquefaction in Diyala Governorate soil. It is found that the Boulanger and Idriss method has higher safety factor than the two methods (80.7% from Vancouver and 38.8% from the NCEER workshop) and less than the Japanese method  

Evaluating cyclic liquefaction potential using the cone penetration test

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Robertson ◽  
CE (Fear) Wride
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Research Workshop

Soil liquefaction is a major concern for structures constructed with or on sandy soils. This paper describes the phenomena of soil liquefaction, reviews suitable definitions, and provides an update on methods to evaluate cyclic liquefaction using the cone penetration test (CPT). A method is described to estimate grain characteristics directly from the CPT and to incorporate this into one of the methods for evaluating resistance to cyclic loading. A worked example is also provided, illustrating how the continuous nature of the CPT can provide a good evaluation of cyclic liquefaction potential, on an overall profile basis. This paper forms part of the final submission by the authors to the proceedings of the 1996 National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research workshop on evaluation of liquefaction resistance of soils.Key words: cyclic liquefaction, sandy soils, cone penetration test

Implementing Nepal's National Building Code: A Case Study in Patience and Persistence

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Arendt ◽  
Ayse Hortacsu ◽  
Kishor Jaiswal ◽  
John Bevington ◽  
Surya Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Building Code ◽  
National Society ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Code Compliance ◽  
And Training

The April 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal revealed the relative effectiveness of the Nepal Standard or the national building code (NBC), and irregular compliance with it in different parts of Nepal. Much of the damage to more than half a million residential structures in Nepal may be attributed to the prevalence of owner-built or owner-supervised construction and the lack of owner and builder responsiveness to seismic risk and training in the appropriate means of complying with the NBC. To explain these circumstances, we review the protracted implementation of the NBC and the role played by one organization, the National Society for Earthquake Technology—Nepal (NSET), in the implementation of the NBC. We also share observations on building code compliance made by individuals in Nepal participating in workshops led by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute's 2014 class of Housner Fellows.

scholarly journals A New Methodology to Assess Indirect Losses in Bridges Subjected to Multiple Hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Forcellini
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Indirect Losses ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Original Configuration

Decision making approaches to manage bridge recovering after the impact of multiple hazards are increasing all over the world. In particular, bridges can be considered critical links in highway networks because of their vulnerability and their resilience can be assessed on the basis of evaluation of direct and indirect losses. This paper aims at proposing a new methodology to assess indirect losses for bridges subjected to multiple hazards. The method applied to calculate direct costs is the credited Performance Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) methodology by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center. Therefore, the main objective of the study consists in the assessment of indirect losses that are generally neglected elsewhere. In particular, the paper proposes to calculate indirect losses from direct costs and to divide them into connectivity losses and prolongation of time. The presented formulation has been applied to a real case study aimed at strengthening a benchmark bridge with several isolated configurations. The results show that the application of the proposed methodology allows to evaluate possible solutions to strengthen the original configuration.

The Effects of Vertical Stress on the Liquefaction Potential Originated from Buildings in The Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 351-372
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ozcelik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Vertical Stress ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Empirical Procedure ◽  
Seismic Forces

Main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of vertical stress on soil liquefaction in urban areas. The literature provides limited information on vertical stress analysis of multiple footings, and, as a result, there is no accurate way to account for the effect of the foundation depth on liquefaction. Additionally, practical methods do not exist for considering the interaction between the neighboring foundations vertical stress and seismic forces in the urban area. Vertical stress distribution was calculated in examining the soil liquefaction potential exhibited by building foundations as a case study. The vertical stresses were chosen randomly for some buildings with foundation depths of 3.00 m; 4.50 and 6.00 m at the Burkent site (Burdur-Turkey). The influence of 5-storey buildings on the liquefaction potential of sandy soils was evaluated in terms of the safety factor (FS) against liquefaction along soil profile depths for different earthquakes. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results were used based on simplified empirical procedure.

Railway Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-395
Author(s):  
Aranzazu Berbey Alvarez ◽  
Jessica Guevara-Cedeño
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Railway Engineering ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Female Researcher

This chapter is a case study of the dissemination of railway engineering research in Latin America developed by a railway engineering research group. The leader of the group is a female researcher. The authors aim to inspire to other women researchers in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries who are trying to develop research in IT areas, many times facing serious difficulties, incomprehension, and great challenges. This chapter is divided in set sections like introduction, background, development of railway engineering research. This third section is divided into subsections like timetable planning and trains control, characterization of Panama metro line 1, dwelling times, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, social-economics railway externalities, and environmental railway externalities. The fourth section presents the results of the relationship between research activity and teaching of railway engineering obtained in this case study. Finally, the authors present a brief vision about future and emerging regional trends about railway engineering projects.

scholarly journals Development of Soil Distribution and Liquefaction Potential Maps for Downtown Area in Yangon, Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zar Lee Tint ◽  
Nyan Myint Kyaw ◽  
Kyaw Kyaw
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Fine Content ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Downtown Area

The problem of soil against liquefaction during earthquakes is devastating geotechnical phenomenon. Soil against liquefaction is generally occurred in loose cohesionless saturated soil when pore water pressure increases suddenly due to earthquakes and shear strength of the soil decreases to zero. Yangon area has been chosen as the study area because it is the most populated and largest city in Myanmar and located in low to medium seismicity region. In this purpose, the liquefaction potential map have been prepared for site planners and decision makers to prevent loss of lives. Geographic Information System (GIS) is very useful in decision making about the area subjected to liquefaction. ArcGIS software is used to develop the liquefaction potential maps of the selected area in Yangon City. To perform in this study, the field borehole data for groundwater table, Standard penetration test (SPT), blow counts, dry density, wet density and fine content, etc. have been collected from the downtown area of this city. Firstly, the safety factor of soil liquefaction is computed by using NCEER (National Center of Earthquake Engineering Research, 1997) Method based on cyclic resistance ratio and cyclic stress ratio and then liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values are determined using Luna and Frost Method, 1998. Finally, liquefaction potential maps are developed corresponding to the ground motions for annual probability of exceedance equal to 1%, 2% and 10% in 50 years.

The Effects of Vertical Stress on the Liquefaction Potential Originated from Buildings in The Urban Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ozcelik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Vertical Stress ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Empirical Procedure ◽  
Seismic Forces

Main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of vertical stress on soil liquefaction in urban areas. The literature provides limited information on vertical stress analysis of multiple footings, and, as a result, there is no accurate way to account for the effect of the foundation depth on liquefaction. Additionally, practical methods do not exist for considering the interaction between the neighboring foundations vertical stress and seismic forces in the urban area. Vertical stress distribution was calculated in examining the soil liquefaction potential exhibited by building foundations as a case study. The vertical stresses were chosen randomly for some buildings with foundation depths of 3.00 m; 4.50 and 6.00 m at the Burkent site (Burdur-Turkey). The influence of 5-storey buildings on the liquefaction potential of sandy soils was evaluated in terms of the safety factor (FS) against liquefaction along soil profile depths for different earthquakes. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results were used based on simplified empirical procedure.

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