Railway Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 371-395
Author(s):  
Aranzazu Berbey Alvarez ◽  
Jessica Guevara-Cedeño
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Railway Engineering ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Female Researcher

This chapter is a case study of the dissemination of railway engineering research in Latin America developed by a railway engineering research group. The leader of the group is a female researcher. The authors aim to inspire to other women researchers in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries who are trying to develop research in IT areas, many times facing serious difficulties, incomprehension, and great challenges. This chapter is divided in set sections like introduction, background, development of railway engineering research. This third section is divided into subsections like timetable planning and trains control, characterization of Panama metro line 1, dwelling times, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, social-economics railway externalities, and environmental railway externalities. The fourth section presents the results of the relationship between research activity and teaching of railway engineering obtained in this case study. Finally, the authors present a brief vision about future and emerging regional trends about railway engineering projects.

Between Legitimation and Decentralisation

2016 ◽  
pp. 400-440
Author(s):  
Gustavo Xavier Bonifaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Party System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
American States ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper aims at answering why a country that shared, with other Latin American states, a centralist tradition that was even strengthened in the aftermath of its 1952 revolution, became one of the most radical and complex decentralisers in the region. The present is a country case study in which, using a process-tracing analysis, the evolution of decentralisation in Bolivia will be explained up to its current complex structure from a perspective of the relationship between political legitimation under competitive elections and the way in which the party system processed longstanding tensions between the state and different segments of society.

Volunteers for Anarchy: The International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200942094992
Author(s):  
Morris Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
International Group ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hostile Attitude

This article explores the twin phenomena of anti-fascism and transnational war volunteering through a case study of the International Group of the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War. This anarchist-led unit comprised approximately 368 volunteers with a variety of political views from at least 25 different countries. The article examines the relationship between these foreign volunteers and their Spanish hosts (both anarchist and non-anarchist), through, firstly, the militarization of the militias in the winter of 1936, and, secondly, the group’s role in the May Days of 1937 and its aftermath. These episodes show the often hostile attitude of Spaniards to foreigners within Spain and challenge the characterization of the conflict as distinctively internationalist. The lives of these volunteers also highlight the continuity of anti-fascism between the interwar and wartime period, with Spain acting as an ‘anti-fascist melting pot’ where volunteers of different backgrounds and political leanings came together in a common cause. This commitment, however, was not unconditional, and was frequently challenged due to circumstances within Spain. Through studying these transnational fighters, we have a more comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of twentieth century anti-fascism.

scholarly journals Environmental Comfort as a Sustainable Strategy for Housing Integration: The AURA 1.0 Prototype for Social Housing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7734
Author(s):  
Álvaro López-Escamilla ◽  
Rafael Herrera-Limones ◽  
Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Torres-García
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
World Population ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Solar Decathlon ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The AURA 1.0 prototype is a sustainable social housing proposal, designed by the University of Seville and built for the first Latin American edition of the prestigious Solar Decathlon competition. Different conditioning strategies were integrated into this prototype, optimized for a tropical climate, and focused on contributing positively to the health of the most humble people in society. In this moment, in which a large part of the world population is confined to their homes due to the Covid-19 pandemic, we have the opportunity (and the obligation) to reconsider the relationship between architecture and medicine or in other words, between the daily human habitat and health. For this reason, this analysis of aspects derived from the interior conditioning of the homes is carried out. The main objective of the Aura proposal is to be able to extract data through a housing monitoring system, which allows us to transfer some design strategies to the society to which is a case study, in order to promote environmental comfort and, therefore, people’s health. The AURA 1.0 prototype develops flexible and adaptable living spaces, with a high environmental quality, in order to maintain the variables of temperature, relative humidity and natural lighting within a range of comfort required by the rules of the event. To achieve this end, the prototype develops an architectural proposal that combines passive and active conditioning strategies, using construction qualities and typical costs of social housing. These strategies allowed the project to achieve the first prize in the Comfort Conditions test. So, this paper presents an appropriate and tested solution that can satisfy comfortability and health of residents who live in social housing while maintaining low energy consumption.

scholarly journals Presidentas Rise: Consequences for Women in Cabinets?

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Reyes-Housholder
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Implications

AbstractSince 1999, women have democratically won the presidency eight times in Latin America and have named hundreds of ministers. This study argues that under certain conditions,presidentasare more likely than male presidents to improve women's cabinet representation. Two mechanisms,presidentamandates and gendered networks, appear to drive the relationship. Furthermore, because the pool of ministerial candidates is shallower for women than for men,presidentasare most likely to advance women's representation in cabinets at the beginning of their term and for “feminine” ministries. A case study of Michelle Bachelet's 2006 ministerial appointments reveals initial evidence for the argument. Empirical implications are then tested with an original dataset of 1,908 ministers of all democratically elected Latin American presidents since 1999. Model results are consistent with the theory thatpresidentasare most likely to “make a difference” when they are least constrained by the supply of female ministerial candidates.

A Method to Determine GSI Value by Using P-Velocity and its Application in Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Liang Qing Wang ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Yue Han ◽  
Guo Rong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Geological Strength Index ◽  
Stability Evaluation ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Dam Site ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Engineering Projects

Rock mass mechanical parameters play a significant role in geotechnical engineering design, slope stability evaluation and numerical simulation, which is commonly determined by GSI method. The simplified method using P-velocity to determine GSI (Geological Strength Index) values is proposed in this study, avoiding the limitations of Hoek-Brown method. The relationship between GSI and P-velocity is established through data collected from several projects in China. Then the dam site of Rumei hydropower station, Tibet, China has been taken as a case study to validate this relationship. This method can be utilized directly in engineering projects since it can meet with the engineering accuracy requirement and reduce the cost.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Methods of Estimating Liquefaction for Diyala Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Hassan Abbas ◽  
Jubran Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Task Force Report ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Engineering Projects

The phenomenon of liquefaction is one of the most important problems in engineering projects.  It occurs in saturated sandy soils during the occurrence of earthquakes. Methods based on the standard penetration test (SPT) were developed to calculate the liquefaction potential according to the seismic loads. These methods have been developed and updated over time by some researchers. This paper analyses the comparison between methods of calculating liquefaction potential. The case study that was selected for the analysis of the comparison methods is Diyala Governorate soil. The methods that have been chosen for making a comparative analysis are the Japanese method, National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research 1997 (NCEER) workshop, Task Force Report 2007 (Vancouver) and Boulanger and Idriss 2014. The analysis of results stated that the Boulanger and Idriss method is considered more suitable than others for calculating the potential for liquefaction in Diyala Governorate soil. It is found that the Boulanger and Idriss method has higher safety factor than the two methods (80.7% from Vancouver and 38.8% from the NCEER workshop) and less than the Japanese method  

scholarly journals Are Cities Safer Than Before?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Current State ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Engineering Projects

Cities are built to lead better lives. However, irrational urban development has led in reverse, causing numerous problems. The increase in flood risk in urbanized areas is one of the significant problems. Despite extensive research, numerous engineering projects have been carried out to reduce the risk of flooding, the question “are we safer than before?” remains underexplored. The present work is a case study aimed at providing new evidence of the current state of flood disaster management. It analyzed the relationship between the magnitude of flood and resultant flood fatality and property damage in the target area over a long period of time and found that we are safer now than before in terms of life loss, but not safer than before in terms of flooding impacts on livelihood. Most importantly, it was found that flood risk management in the region continues to be critically dependent on structural measures. Besides, it highlighted a contrast between having a well-developed emergency information delivery system and its ineffectiveness in mobilizing evacuation.

José Ingenieros, El Hombre Mediocre , and Social Integration in Turn-of-the-20th-Century Argentina

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Ben Plotkin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Popular Work ◽  
The Relationship

The life of Italian-Argentine scientist and intellectual José Ingenieros (1877–1925) has been considered a clear example of the potential for upward social mobility based on talent that existed in Buenos Aires at the turn of the 20th century. Born Giuseppe Ingegnieros in Palermo, Sicily, from a working-class family, Ingenieros was able to become both one of the most internationally renowned Latin American intellectuals and scientists—his scientific and philosophical works were translated into several languages—and also a socialite of high visibility befriending some of the most prominent members of the Argentine social elite. His trajectory seems to be an example of unparalleled success. Nevertheless, a close look at recently unearthed sources, particularly his private correspondence, not only shows a different picture of Ingenieros’s life and works, but also forces us to reconsider accepted knowledge about the possibilities offered to immigrants by turn-of-the-century Argentine society. His trajectory constitutes an excellent case study for the analysis of both the potentials and the limits of social mobility in Argentina at the time, as well as the relationship between intellectuals and power during the transition from the oligarchic republic established in 1862, after the unification of the country, to the really democratic republic based on universal (male) suffrage introduced in 1912. An analysis of the context of production of his most popular work, El hombre mediocre, provides an opportunity to contrast his public image with the social insecurities he expressed to his relatives and friends.

scholarly journals Application of Islamic Work Ethics to Employees at PT Asuransi Takaful Umum (Case Study: Head Office Jakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Lulu Lathifan ◽  
Nurfahmiyati Hasanbasri ◽  
Meidy Haviz
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Head Office ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Work is natural and at the same time one of the human identities, so that work based on the principles of faith and tawhid, not only shows the nature of a Muslim but also elevates the dignity as a servant of Allah SWT. PT Asuransi Takaful Umum was founded by law that is based on the Al - Qur'an and Hadith, as well as the Law with the applicable regulations. The research method used to support this research is quantitative research. Accompanied by the use of observation and interview methods as well as library engineering research methods. The number of respondents used in this study was 50 employees with 10 of them being leaders. This research is also calculated using the Likert scale as the calculation tool used so that the variables are translated into variable indicators and then these variable indicators are used to become a reference for preparing questions. Respondents will determine their level of agreement with the questions asked by selecting the questions that have been provided. The results showed that PT Asuransi Takaful Umum has implemented Islamic work ethics by existing regulations in the company. The application of Islamic work ethics is seen from the 5 dimensions used, namely Itqan, Hafidzun Alim, Amanah, Al-Kayis, Al-Qawiy, and has been implemented. With a conducive working atmosphere, the relationship between employees and directors is carried out well so that unwanted things can be controlled.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document