scholarly journals Expert vs. Peer: The Role of Situational Characteristics in Electronic Networks of Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jensen ◽  
Michael Matthews ◽  
Thomas Meservy ◽  
Kelly Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Networks ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Networks Of Practice

scholarly journals The importance and the role of forensics of mobile

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaklina Spalevic ◽  
Zeljko Bjelajac ◽  
Marko Caric
Keyword(s):  
Digital Forensics ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Computer Forensics ◽  
System Support ◽  
Electronic Networks ◽  
Systemic Control

Scientific-technological development, along with initiating integrative forces that offer improvement of the quality of human life, concurrently created prerequisites for individuals to exploit certain innovations for performing criminal activities. Modern criminals wander through electronic networks, and assisted by high technology, perform a variety of criminal acts and ?launder? large sums of money. Computer forensics is a technological, systemic control of the computer system and its content for the purpose of gathering evidence of a criminal act or other abuse that it has been used for. Digital forensics requires particular expertise that goes beyond traditional data collection, as well as employment of techniques available to the final user or system support personnel. In this context, this article examines principles, methods and procedures in mobile device investigation, which nowadays represent a multifunctional, powerful computer weapon, and considers the necessity to update concrete procedures in accordance with the development and growth of IT.

Participation in Social Networks as Feral Information Systems

2014 ◽  
pp. 209-226
Author(s):  
Enrico Franchi ◽  
Agostino Poggi ◽  
Michele Tomaiuolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
Networks Of Practice

Social networking systems blur the distinction between the private and working spheres, and users are known to use such systems both at home and at the work place, both professionally and with recreational goals. In fact, several traditional information systems have been modified in order to include social aspects. However, in the vast majority of cases, social networking platforms are used without corporate blessing, maintaining their status as feral systems. This chapter provides some background notions about theories of participation in social networks. In particular, it reviews the notion of social capital, which may be important both for the individuals that are able to accumulate large amounts and for organizations. Subsequently, it shows the role of social capital in the participation in online social networking activities, in the various cases of virtual organizations, virtual teams, and online networks of practice. Finally, it describes the present situation and some possible prospects where social elements are being increasingly introduced into more traditional business systems, such as CRMs and ERPs, with great promises and mixed initial results.

Participation in Social Networks as Feral Information Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 1947-1962
Author(s):  
Enrico Franchi ◽  
Agostino Poggi ◽  
Michele Tomaiuolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
Networks Of Practice

Social networking systems blur the distinction between the private and working spheres, and users are known to use such systems both at home and at the work place, both professionally and with recreational goals. In fact, several traditional information systems have been modified in order to include social aspects. However, in the vast majority of cases, social networking platforms are used without corporate blessing, maintaining their status as feral systems. This chapter provides some background notions about theories of participation in social networks. In particular, it reviews the notion of social capital, which may be important both for the individuals that are able to accumulate large amounts and for organizations. Subsequently, it shows the role of social capital in the participation in online social networking activities, in the various cases of virtual organizations, virtual teams, and online networks of practice. Finally, it describes the present situation and some possible prospects where social elements are being increasingly introduced into more traditional business systems, such as CRMs and ERPs, with great promises and mixed initial results.

Moving Inland from the Coast

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wynne-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Swahili Coast ◽  
General Terms ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Networks Of Practice

It is immediately clear that the towns of the Swahili coast could not have existed without a web of connections linking them to a deeper African hinterland. This is a complex network to recover: a lack of historical documents and an extremely patchy archaeological record have meant that interaction has been understood only in very general terms. This is often cited as a major lacuna in our understandings of the coast (Horton 1987a; Sinclair 1995), with calls for sustained archaeological attention to interior societies. There can be no doubt that this is necessary. Yet here a cautiously optimistic approach is taken, as I suggest that part of the problem we have in understanding interior networks is in the ways that we expect them to be manifest, according to a model developed for the coast: connections have been sought through the movement of imported trade goods, which may not everywhere be a useful proxy for interaction. In fact, there is now a significant body of evidence for the ways that these connections worked, even though they do not always take the form of foreign artefacts in new locations. In this chapter I extend the notion of networks of practice to think through the ways that activities and consumption would have determined the nature of coast/interior entanglements; I suggest that the absence of trade goods in sites of the interior may not be (just) a function of lack of knowledge, but also the result of choices and the active role of taste among hinterland groups. Historical sources hint at long-distance movements across eastern Africa from at least the first century AD; Ptolemy’s Geography refers to the ‘Lake of the Nile’ (Freeman-Grenville 1962b: 4), suggesting knowledge of areas and connectivity as far inland as Lake Victoria. Direct material evidence of these two millennia of interaction tends to be sought in the remains of imports found at interior sites. These are comparatively few, but do at least offer a map of connectivity that sets a framework for thinking about interaction. The earliest imports at interior sites are not, in fact, objects.

Communication Strategies and Information Choice Strategy of the Arab Tourists

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Ali Al-khateeb ◽  
Mohammad Abdel-Hammed Ali Al-Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Information Source ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Choice Strategy ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Situational Characteristic ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of situational characteristics on the relationship between communication strategies and information choice strategy of the Arab tourists in Malaysia. The study adopted a cross-sectional design with a quantitative survey approach. Overall, the study finds that situational characteristics significantly mediate the influence of information source on the information choice strategy of the Arab tourists but not on the relationship between information source and information choice. The study therefore concludes among others that situational characteristic can only explain the influence of information channels on the information choice strategy but not on the influence of information source on the information choice strategy.

Examining Social Structure in an Electronic Network of Practice

2011 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Molly McLure Wasko ◽  
Robin Tiegland
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Electronic Networks ◽  
Electronic Network ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Networks Of Practice

Recent advances in IS have led to the development of electronic networks that enable thousands of geographically dispersed individuals, who are typically strangers from diverse organizational, national, and demographic backgrounds, to interact (Sproull & Faraj, 1995). In these networks, individuals engage in knowledge sharing and problem solving through message postings offering professional advice, storytelling of personal experiences, and debate on relevant issues (Wasko & Faraj, 2000). Individuals benefit from these networks since they gain access to new information and expertise related to their practice that are often not available locally. Based on previous research (Wasko & Teigland, 2004), we define an electronic network of practice (ENOP) as a self-organizing, open activity system focused on a shared practice that exists through computer-mediated communication. Despite the growing interest in online social structures such as electronic networks of practice, we know surprisingly little about how or why these structures support knowledge exchange (Desanctis & Monge, 1999; Lin, 2001). Thus, the goal of this exploratory research is to investigate electronic networks of practice by drawing upon theories of public goods and collective action. Building upon work by Fulk and colleagues (Fulk, Flanagin, Kalman, Monge, & Ryan, 1996), we investigate ENOPs as a form of collective action by examining two fundamental research questions: (1) what is the pattern of interaction underlying knowledge exchange in an ENOP and (2) why do some individuals participate more than others in an ENOP. The article concludes with a discussion and areas for future research.

Social Media for Online Collaboration in Firms and Organizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Franchi ◽  
Agostino Poggi ◽  
Michele Tomaiuolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Virtual Organizations ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
Networks Of Practice ◽  
Initial Results

Participation in social networks has long been studied as a social phenomenon according to different theories. In particular, the notion of social capital highlights a person's benefit due to his relations with other persons, including family, colleagues, friends and generic contacts. It may be important both for the individuals that are able to accumulate large amounts, and for organizations. Nowadays, social networking systems bring many acquaintances online, both in the private and working spheres. Some systems are used both at home, for leisure goals, and on the work place, professionally. In the vast majority of cases, social networking platforms are still used without corporate blessing. However, several traditional information systems, such as CRMs and ERPs, have also been modified in order to include social aspects. This article shows the role of social capital in the participation in online social networking activities, in the various cases of Virtual Organizations, Virtual Teams, and online Networks of Practice. It describes the present situation, which is characterized by great promises and mixed initial results, and some possible prospects.

Sharing Stories, Sharing Bias: How Descriptions of Context Shape Negative Stereotype Use in Response to Accounts of Economic Adversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Fallin Hunzaker ◽  
Marcus Mann
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Context Shape ◽  
And Control

Abstract Research shows that observers use negative stereotypes to construe victims of misfortune as responsible for their own fate. In two experiments, we test three situational characteristics’ (injustice, scale, and control) effects on observers’ tendency to use negative stereotypes when communicating stories about others’ economic hardship. Study 1 examines predictions, based on social psychological theories of equity and justice, that stereotype use should increase in response to accounts of misfortune that are the result of unjust under-reward. Contrary to predictions, Study 1 found that participants used more stereotypes when retelling accounts in which the protagonist’s misfortune was not the result of unjust rewards. Study 2 investigates competing predictions to Study 1, based on research regarding how portrayals of scale (whether the misfortune affects one vs. many) and control (whether another actor has control over the misfortune of another) affect perceptions of misfortune. Study 2 results indicate that stereotype use increases in response to accounts of large-scale, uncontrollable misfortune. Together, these studies suggest that qualities of portrayals (such as scale and control) are crucial in understanding stereotype transmission processes above and beyond the role of perceptions of injustice (i.e., the unequal distribution of rewards).

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